《商務英語翻譯第六章商務合同翻譯》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《商務英語翻譯第六章商務合同翻譯（72頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,*,商務英語翻譯,Translation of,,Business English,,Homework,,注冊會計師史密斯先生已被任命為本公司結(jié)束業(yè)務的清算人，他將,代理,本公司清償一切債務并收取一切應收的欠款。,,所有報價以我方最后確認為準。除非另有說明或經(jīng)雙方商定，所有價格都是不含傭金的.,,你方應在交貨期前15天前將全部貨款電匯我方是達成這筆交易的基礎。,,因為這次交易額大，而且目前國際金融市場不穩(wěn)定，所以我們除以信用證付款外，不能接受別的付款方式。再說，你們對中國出口的出口商

2、也同樣在堅持以信用證方式付款。,,因為貴方訂單數(shù)量很大，我們目前不能滿足需求，但是我們將盡最大努力為貴方獲取貨源，一旦情況好轉(zhuǎn)，一定告知。,,,請將船期延展至11月30日，有效期延展到12月10日，并盡快給我方答復。,,由于制造商遇到不可預見的困難，我方不能在本月底前裝船。如貴方將信用證中裝船日期和有效期分別展延至下月中旬和月底，將不勝感激。,,我們希望這批貨物會安全抵達貴方并符合貴方的期望，包括提單、發(fā)票、裝箱單和檢驗證書在內(nèi)的裝運單據(jù)副本今日航郵你處。,,統(tǒng)保單對出口貿(mào)易至關(guān)重要。它實際上是貨物保險中的一種便利的辦法，特別適合于分不同的時間出口的一批類似貨物，如，當被保險方根據(jù)獨家代理協(xié)議

3、書向國外的進口方供貨，或在國外委任了銷售代表，設立分支機構(gòu)時用之。,,保單或保險證書1式3份，投保一切險和戰(zhàn)爭險包括破碎險，損失有5%絕對免賠率，按全部貨物計算，倉至倉條款到買方在香港的倉庫為止。,,,To give you a general idea of the products we handle, we enclose a brochure and a price list.,,Upon receipt of your confirmation, we shall establish with the Bank of China ,London a confirmed, irrevo

4、cable L/C in your favor, payable by draft at sight.,,We wish to draw your attention to the fact that 500 sets of Sewing Machines under Contract No. xxx have been ready for shipment, but we have not yet received your covering L/C to date.,,Please see to it that your L/C is opened at the beginning of

5、next month, allowing partial shipment and transshipment.,,Please insure the goods for 10% above invoice value.,,,第六章 商務合同與協(xié)議翻譯,,商務合同與協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文體特征,,,商務合同與協(xié)議的翻譯,,,商務合同,,Contract: an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal f

6、ooting, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.,,,合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務關(guān)系的協(xié)議。,,,商務合同的構(gòu)成,,國際通用的英文商務合同內(nèi)容大致可以分為三個部分：,,一、 約首(the head): 包括合同標題和前言。前言中包括,,1） 訂約時間 date of signing,,2) 訂約地點 place of signing,,3) 合同當事人 signing parties,,4) 當事人合法依據(jù) each party’s

7、authority,,5) 定約緣由 Recitals of “whereas” Clause,,商務合同的構(gòu)成,,國際通用的英文商務合同內(nèi)容大致可以分為三個部分：,,二、 本文(the body):,,1) 一般條款 general terms and conditions,,2) 特殊條款,,三、約尾（the tail): 合同份數(shù)、使用的文字及其效力、合同附件的效力、簽名、蓋章條款等。,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,1 使用古體詞,,e.g. 1) This agreement shall begin on the date,hereof,and shall cont

8、inue for 5 years thereafter.,,,2) In the event of the death of any partner, this partnership shall not be,thereby,dissolved.,,,3) For any business transacted between governments of both Parties, Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorized by Party A’s government without binding himself

9、to this Agreement. Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings nor shall Party B bring forward any demand for compensation,wherefrom,.,,,aforesaid,,aforementioned,,forthwith,,hereafter,,hereby,,herein,,hereon,前述的,,上述的,,隨即,,之后,,據(jù)此,,本文件中,,于是；關(guān)于這個,,,hereof,,therein,,thereto,,thereinafter,,there

10、tofore,,thereunto,,thereupon,于此,,在其中,,到那里,,以下；在下文,,直到那時,,在那里,,就該事,,,therewith,,thereon,,hereunder,,herewith,,heretofore,,hereinbefore,,hereinafter,,thereabout,,與此,,關(guān)于,,在下文,,隨附,,迄今為止,,此前,,大約,,,thereafter,,thereat,,whereas,,whereon,,whereby,,wherein,,hitherto,,whereas,,in witness whereof,,,此后，據(jù)此,,因此,,

11、鑒于,,關(guān)于那；在其上,,由是；憑那個,,在其中,,迄今,,鑒于,,以茲為證,,,合同中還會出現(xiàn)一些少見的詞匯,,e.g. The total Contract price to be paid by Party A pursuant to the Content and Scope of the Contract as stipulated in Section 2 of the Contract is _____.,,按本合同第二章規(guī)定的合同內(nèi)容和范圍，甲方向乙方支付的合同總價為___。,,pursuant to: according to,,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,2 使用外來

12、詞,,pro rate tax rate 比例稅率,,in lieu of 代替,,force majeure 不可抗力,,agent ad litem 委托代理人,,insurance premium per capita 人均保險費,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,3 選詞正式,,,因為,,財務年度末,,在……之前,,關(guān)于,,開始,,停止做,,事實上,,認為,,愿意做

13、,,,by virtue of,,at the close of the fiscal year,,prior to,,as regards/concerning/relating to,,commencement,,cease to do,,in effect,,deem,,intend/desire to do,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,3 選詞正式,,,賠償,,出租,,終止,,違約,,理解合同,,其他事項,,何時開會并由某某主持,,,indemnities,,lease,,terminate,,breach,,construe/comprehend a contract,,misce

14、llaneous,,the meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,3 選詞正式,,,e.g.,,Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insu

15、rrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction.,,,雙方如遇有無法控制的事件或情況應視為不可抗力事件，但不限于火災、風災、水災、地震、爆炸、戰(zhàn)爭、叛亂、暴動、傳染病及瘟疫。,,,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,4 多用術(shù)語,,e.g. In processing transactions, the manufactures never have,title,either to the materials or the finished products.,,在加工貿(mào)易中，生產(chǎn)方對原材料和產(chǎn)成品都沒有所有權(quán)。,,The lead Partner su

16、bmits a copy of the,short term cash flow,which covers the period September 2005 to February 2006. Mr. Smith highlights the main items of the cash flow which are the,Endowment fund,the,Advance Payment,as far as the Receipt is concerned and the,down payment,for TBMs and plants, purchase of,fixed asset

17、s,and the advance payment to subcontractors for,the Expenditures,.,,責任方遞交了一份從2005年9月到2006年2月間的短期現(xiàn)金流量表。史密斯先生強調(diào)指出：主要的現(xiàn)金流就收入款項而言有集資款和預付款，就支出款項而言有TBM(隧洞掘進機）設備定金、固定資產(chǎn)購置費和分包商預付款。,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,4 多用術(shù)語,,Ex Works (named place) 工廠交貨（指定地點）,,FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 貨交承運人（指定地點）,,FAS: Free Alongside

18、 Ship(named port of shipment)船邊交貨（指定裝運港）,,FOB: Free On Board(named port of shipment) 船上交貨（指定裝運港）,,CFR: Cost& Freight (named port of destination)成本加運費（指定目的港）,,CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination) 成本，保險加運費（指定目的港）,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,4 多用術(shù)語,,CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of de

19、stination) 運費付至（指定目的港）,,CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place of destination) 運費保險費付至（指定目的港）,,DAF: Delivered at Frontier (named place) 邊境交貨（指定地點）,,DES: Delivered ex Ship(named port of destination) 船上交貨（指定目的港）,,DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)碼頭交易（指定目的地）,,DDU: Delive

20、red Duty Unpaid (named place of destination) 未完稅交貨（指定目的地）,,DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination) 完稅后交貨（指定目的地）,,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,5 多用并列結(jié)構(gòu),,e.g. This agreement is,made and entered,into by and between Party A and Party B.,,本協(xié)議由甲方和乙方共同制定。,,This agreement and any rights or obligations he

21、reunder are not,transferable or assignable,by one party to this Agreement without the consent of the other party hereto.,,本協(xié)議以及本協(xié)議所規(guī)定的權(quán)利或義務，未經(jīng)另一方同意不得擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓。,,The buyer is responsible for the following,costs and charges,in the sale and transport of goods.,,買方承擔貨物運輸和銷售中的成本和費用。,,商務合同及協(xié)議的詞匯特征,,6 May, sha

22、ll, must, may not (或shall not) 的使用,,,,may 旨在約定當事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）,,shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什么時候）,,must 用于強制性義務（必須做什么）,,may not (或shall not)用于禁止性義務（不得做什么）,,may do 不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do 或ought to do,,may not do 在美國一些法律文件可以用shall not，但絕不能用can not do或must not。,,Case Study,,The parties hereto,shall,, firs

23、t of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute,may,be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contrac

24、t or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.,,雙方首先應通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達成協(xié)議的，可將爭議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。,,,,Practice,,下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產(chǎn)品。,,合同生效后，當事人就質(zhì)量、價格或者報酬、履行地點等內(nèi)容沒有約定或者約定不明確的，可以協(xié)議補充。,,買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列產(chǎn)品并簽訂合同。,,,The undersigned hereby agrees that the new

25、products are to be made in China.,,If, after the contract made by and between the parties becomes effective, there is no agreement regarding quality, price, or remuneration and place of performance, etc.or such agreement is unclear, the parties may, through consultation, agree upon supplementary ter

26、ms and provisions.,,This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Sellers agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.,,Practice,,This letter of intent is confidential and shall not be discl

27、osed to anyone other than the parties and their employees, attorneys and accountants and the possible lenders of the Possible Buyer. The terms of the transaction being discussed are attached hereto, but the terms (and the possible sale itself) are not binding unless and until they are set forth in a

28、 written contract signed by the Possible Seller and the Possible Buyer.,,,本意向書為保密文件。除了本意向書雙方及其雇員、律師、會計師和可能買方的可能貸款方之外，任何一方不得向任何其他第三方透露。隨附本次協(xié)商交易條款，但除非且直到可能的買賣雙方簽署書面協(xié)議，這些條款（及可能銷售本身）將不具有約束力。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,1 多用陳述句和現(xiàn)在時,,陳述句： 闡述、解釋、說明、規(guī)定和判斷，語言顯得比較客觀、平實。,,,現(xiàn)在時：在合同所涉及的內(nèi)容中，將來的事情遠遠多于現(xiàn)在，但是對此類事物的講述一律用現(xiàn)在時，而不用將來

29、時。,,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,2 多用條件句,,In case a third party brings a charge of infringement, licensor shall be responsible for dealing with the third party and bear full legal and financial responsibilities which may arise.,,,若第三方起訴侵權(quán)，出讓方應負責處理第三方事物，并承擔全部相應的法律和財政責任。,,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,2 多用條件句,,Should the effect

30、 of Force Majeure continue more than one hundred consecutive days both parties shall settle the further execution of the Contract through friendly negotiations as soon as possible.,,,如不可抗力事故延續(xù)到一百天以上時，雙方應通過友好協(xié)商盡快解決繼續(xù)執(zhí)行合同的問題。,,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,2 多用條件句,,Where there come up special requirements or questi

31、ons in relation to local circumstances, the Chinese Party may take them into consideration in preparing the design.,,若遇有特殊要求及涉及地域性問題，中方可在設計中加以考慮。,,Title will be transferred to the buyer while goods are delivered to New York port, provided that the buyer has paid.,,如果買方已向賣方付款，在貨物到達紐約港時所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)至買方。,,,商務合同

32、與協(xié)議的文本特征,,3 多用被動語態(tài),,,Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to the competent court in the People’s Republic of China.,,因本合同產(chǎn)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的任何爭議，都應交由中華人民共和國有管轄權(quán)的法院管轄。,,It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped

33、due to the causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other transportation organizations and Post Office are liable.,,賣方對于由保險公司、船舶公司和其他轉(zhuǎn)運單位或郵政部門造成的損失不承擔責任。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,3 多用長句,,,In the event of a Subcontractor having undertaken towards the Contractor in respect of the work executed;

34、 or the goods, materials, Plant or services supplied by such Subcontractor, any continuing obligation for a period exceeding that of the Defects Liability Period under the Contract, the Contractor shall at any time, after the expiration of such period, as sign to the Employer, at the Employer’s requ

35、est and cost, the benefit of such obligation for the unexpired duration thereof.,,,,當分包商在所進行的工作，或其提供的貨物、材料、工程設備或服務等方面，為承包商承擔了合同規(guī)定的缺陷責任期限結(jié)束后的任何延長期間須繼續(xù)承擔的任何連續(xù)義務時，承包商在根據(jù)雇主的要求和由雇主承擔費用的情況下，在缺陷責任期滿之后的任何時間，將上述未終止的此類義務的權(quán)益轉(zhuǎn)讓給雇主。,,Case Study,,Party A further unconditionally and irrevocably agrees to indemnify

36、 Party B against all actions, proceedings, claims, demands, losses, liabilities, damages, costs, charges and expenses of whatever nature which may result or which Party B may incur or sustain directly or indirectly arising from or in connection with the Guarantee and to repay to Party B immediately

37、all amount paid by Party B in connection with said Guarantee, together with all costs of collection, including reasonable attorney’s fees if permitted by law, which may be incurred by way of legal proceedings or otherwise.,,,甲方進一步無條件和不可撤消地同意就任何性質(zhì)的直接或間接因有關(guān)保證引起或與有關(guān)保證相關(guān)而可能導致或乙方可能招致或蒙受的一切訴訟、法律程序、索賠、要求、損

38、失、法律責任、損害賠償、成本、收費和支出向乙方作出賠償，并連同所有收款費用，包括法律程序或其他方式可能發(fā)生并為法律所容許的合理的律師代理費，立即向乙方償還乙方就上述有關(guān)保證支付的所有款額。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,5 條目化和程式化,,A),subject to/without prejudice to,,e.g. The determination of quality of Rock Phosphate is subject to the results of analysis of the representative samples drawn from the actuall

39、y landed cargo, conducted by the China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau after arrival of the goods at destination.,,,磷酸巖質(zhì)量的確定，以代表性樣品的化驗結(jié)果為準。代表性樣品在貨物達到目的地后自實際到貨中抽取，抽樣及化驗均由中國出入境檢驗檢疫局辦理。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,5 條目化和程式化,,A),subject to/without prejudice to,,e.g. Subject to this section, an appeal sh

40、all be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are predicted by rules made under subsection.,,,在符合本條的規(guī)定下，上訴須按根據(jù),×,款訂立的規(guī)則內(nèi)訂明的方式提出，并須受該規(guī)則所訂明的條件規(guī)限。,,,Without prejudice to your powers and discretions, we hereby authorize you or your agents to take any actions including but not

41、limited to the following.,,,不使貴行權(quán)利和任意決定受到損害，本公司茲授權(quán)貴行或貴行代理，采取包括但不限于以下的任何行動。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,5 條目化和程式化,,B),otherwise,,e.g. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the supplied goods shall be packed by standard protective measures.,,除非合同另有規(guī)定，賣方所提供的全部貨物，均應按標準的保護措施進行包裝。,,No claim shall be recoverable

42、 hereunder if the benefit of the contract herein contained shall become vested in any other person or persons at law or in equity otherwise than by will or operation of law, unless the written consent of the insurer thereto shall have first been obtained.,,如果本單所包含的合約利益，不用遺囑或不運用法律的方式歸于正在打官司的其他任何人，就不可

43、取得所索的賠償，除非首先得到承保人對此的書面同意。,,商務合同與協(xié)議的文本特征,,5 條目化和程式化,,C),for the purpose of,,e.g. For the purpose of this Agreement, each of the following terms shall have the following meaning respectively.,,就本協(xié)議目的而言，下列各用語分別具有下述意義。,,For the purposes of subsection (3) permission shall be in writing and …,,就第（3）款而言，許

44、可須為書面形式而且…,,商務合同與協(xié)議的翻譯,,1 謹慎選用極易混淆的詞語,,,英譯商務合同時，常常由于選同不當而導致詞不達意或者意思模棱兩可，有時甚至表達的是完全不同的含義。如下列詞語：,,A．shipping advice 與 shipping instructions,,B．a(chǎn)bide by 與 comply with,,C. change A to B 與 change A into B,,D. ex 與 per,,E. in 與 after,,F. on/upon 與 after,,G. by 與 before,,,,A shipping advice 與shipping ins

45、tructions,,shipping advice: 裝運通知，是由出口商發(fā)給進口商的。,,shipping instructions: 裝運須知，是進口商發(fā)給出口商的。,,vendor& vendee: 賣主& 買主,,consignor& consignee: 發(fā)貨人&收貨人,,,B abide by與comply with,,abide by: 遵守，主語須是“人”,,comply with: 遵守，主語是非人稱。,,e.g. Both parties shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply wi

46、th the contractual stipulations.,,雙方都應遵守/雙方的一切活動都應遵守合同規(guī)定。,,,C change A to B與change A into B,,change A to B: 把A改為B,,change A into B: 把A折合成/兌換成B,,e.g. Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into RMB.,,交貨期改為8月并將美元折合成人民幣。,,,D ex與per,,ex: 由某輪船“運來”的貨物,,per

47、: 由某輪船“運走”的貨物,,by: 由某輪船“承運”,,e.g. The last batch per/ex/by S.S. “Victoria” will arrive in London on October 1st.,,由“維多利亞”輪運走/運來/承運的最后一批貨將于10月1日抵達倫敦。,,,E in與after,,in: “多少天之后”的確切的一天,,after:“多少天之后”的不確切的任何的一天,,e.g. The goods shall be shipped per M.V. “Dong Feng” on November 10 and are due to arrive

48、 at Rotterdam in 41 days.,,該貨于11月10日由“東風”輪運出，41天后抵達鹿特丹港。,,,F on/upon與after,,on/upon: ……到后，就……,,after: “……之后”的時間不明確,,e.g. The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival.,,發(fā)票貨值必須貨到付給。,,,G by與before,,by: 在翻譯終止時間時，比如在“某月某日之前”，如果包括所寫日期，就用by.,,before: 如果不包括所寫日期，即指到所寫日期的前一天為止，就用before.,,e.g. The vend

49、or shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15（before June 16),,賣方須在6月15日前將貨交給買方。,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,,A. 限定責任,,a.,and/or,,e.g. 如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其他貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。,,,The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and /or cargo on board.,,,b.,by and between,,,e.g. 買賣雙方同

50、意按照下述條款購買、出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。,,This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below,.,,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,,B. 限定時間,,a.,on and after/on or before,,e.g. 自9月20日

51、起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何訂單或收據(jù)。,,,Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.,,我公司的條件是，3個月內(nèi)，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現(xiàn)金。,,Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1st.,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,,B. 限定時間,,b.,not (no) later than,,e.g. 本合同簽字之日起一個月內(nèi)，即不遲于12月15

52、日，你方須將貨物裝船。,,,Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e., not later than December 15.,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,,B. 限定時間,,c.,include的相應形式： inclusive; including; included.,,e.g. 本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。,,,This credit expires till January 1st (inclusive) /till and includi

53、ng January 1st for negotiation in Beijing.,,如果不包含1月1日，則翻譯為 till and not including January1st,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,C. 限定金額,,a. 大寫文字重復金額,,e.g. 聘方每月付給受聘方美元500元整。,,Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).,,,2 慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目,,C. 限定金額,,b. 正確使用貨幣符號,,$ 即可以代表“美元”也可以代

54、表其他地方的貨幣。,,金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號 e.g. US$400. 此外，還要注意小數(shù)點和逗號，務必看清楚。,,涉外商務合同翻譯中句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換,,1） 主語的轉(zhuǎn)換,,,A. 主語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語,,原文的主語為動作性的名詞，且采用被動語態(tài)。譯成漢語時，須將英語的被動語態(tài)調(diào)整為漢語的主動語態(tài)，進行翻譯轉(zhuǎn)換。,,,Case Study,,Delivery,must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order, otherwise the Buyer may at its option cancel the order with

55、out cost to him, and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as a result of the latter’s failure to make such delivery.,,賣方必須在購貨訂單規(guī)定的時間內(nèi),交貨,，否則，買方可取消合同，而不承擔任何損失，并要求賣方賠償由不交貨所造成的一切損失。,,,,,,B. 主語轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語,,原文的主語往往為普通名詞，且常常采用被動語態(tài)。譯成漢語時，將英語的被動語態(tài)改譯成漢語的主動語態(tài)，主語轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語。如：,,Should,all or part of the Contract and it

56、s appendices,be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.,,由于一方過失，致使不能履行或不能完全履行,本合同及其附件,時，由過失方承擔違約責任。,,,,,C. 主語轉(zhuǎn)換為定語,,如果主語和賓語之間的關(guān)系密切，或賓語本身就是主語的一部分，譯成漢語時，為使譯文符合漢語的表達習慣，往往把原文的主語轉(zhuǎn)換為定語：,,Each Party,is liable to the Joint Vent

57、ure Company only up to the limit of the capital subscribed by it.,,各方,對合資公司的責任以各自認繳的出資額為限。,,,,,2） 賓語的轉(zhuǎn)換,,A. 賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語,,合同英語中的某些動詞賓語，在邏輯上是應說明的主體，為使其突出醒目，翻譯時一般將其轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語。,,Party A shall send twice,its technical personnel,to Party B’s factory for training, and the total number of the participants shall

58、not exceed 320 (excluding the interpreter).,,甲方的技術(shù)人員,將分兩批赴乙方接受培訓，參加培訓人員不超過320人（翻譯人員除外）。,,,,,B. 賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語,,如果原文的謂語動詞不易處理成漢語的謂語，而原文中的賓語又是含有動作意義的名詞，那么在漢譯時可以將原文中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的謂語，或與原文動詞一起合譯為漢語的謂語。如：,,The Licenser will, at its own cost, take,,such actions,to eliminate infringement of the Licensed Patents as may

59、be reasonably necessary and proper in its own opinion.,,許可方應在其認為有必要的時候，以適當?shù)姆绞剑再M,采取行動,，消除對特許專利的侵權(quán)。,,,,,3） 表語的轉(zhuǎn)換,,A. 表語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語,,在英語中，當用名詞作表語時，主語和表語所表達內(nèi)容往往是一致的。在譯成漢語時，為使上下文連貫，或突出表語所述內(nèi)容，可將原文句中的表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語。,,This is,the final arbitration award,and binding on both Contracting Parties.,,這一仲裁,是終局性的，對雙方均有約束力。,

60、,,,,B. 表語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語,,當介詞和名詞構(gòu)成短語作表語時，其功能類似于漢語的謂語部分，一般可選擇一個適當?shù)臐h語動詞作為謂語來處理譯文。,,In the course of arbitration, the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is,under arbitration.,,在仲裁過程中，除了,正在仲裁,的部分條款外，合同的其他條款應繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。,,,,,4） 定語的轉(zhuǎn)換,,在漢語中，形容詞是可以作謂語的。因此，當英語的形容詞作前

61、置定語時，很難將其譯成通順的漢語。此時，如果將定語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的謂語，使之和所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成漢語的主謂詞組，則可使譯文流暢規(guī)范。,,The sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by,novel,shape,,easy,operation,,high,calorific efficiency and,low,fuel consumption.,,賣方提交的樣機的特點是造型新穎、操作簡便、熱效率高、油耗低。,,Practice,,車輛租用協(xié)議書,,,姓名,,證件類型,,證件號,,代辦人（證件號）,,租用期 由 ×

62、 年 × 月× 日 至 × 年× 月 × 日,,租金,,租用設備,,車輛型號,,車輛序列號,,設備數(shù)量,,押金（元/件）,,注意：若用戶在租用期滿后的15天內(nèi)，未將租用的車輛歸還，則視為用戶已自愿購買此車輛，押金不予退還。,,,確認書,,本人（或單位）確認收到操作正常的租用車輛。如有遺失、損壞或服務終止而沒有交還所租借設備，鴻發(fā)汽車公司有權(quán)向本人（單位）收取費用，以補償任何對租用車輛的損失、毀壞。,,本人(或單位）同意負責所有因租借設備而產(chǎn)生的費用及同意遵守所有條款和條件。,,本人（或單位）特此聲明以上資料全部真實。,,本人（或單位）同意鴻發(fā)汽車公司就該協(xié)議書和租用條款已提供的有關(guān)解釋、

63、說明。,,Agreement on Car Rental,,Name,,Type of credential,,Number of credential,,Person who acts on behalf of the user (number of the person’s credential),,Lease from to,,Rates RMB /day,,Equipment rented,,Model,,Serial number,,Quantity,,Deposit RMB /piece,,Note: If a user

64、fails to return the rented car within 15 days after the expiration of the lease, the act will be regarded as his decision to purchase the car and the deposit will not be returned.,,,Acknowledgement,,1 I (The Institution) acknowledge receipt of the rented car, which is in good working condition. In

65、 case the car is lost, damaged or not returned after expiration of the lease, Hongfa Car Rental Company shall have the right to charge me/the institution for such loss or damage.,,2 I (The Institution) hereby agree to bear all the charges incurred by the rental of the car and agree to abide by all

66、 the terms and conditions.,,3 I (The Institution) declare that the information given above is true and accurate in each and every respect.,,4 I (The Institution) hereby agree to the interpretation of this agreement and the terms and conditions thereon made by Hongfa Car Rental Company.,,,Practice,,Arbitration:,,Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement is reached, the dispute shall be submitted to China In