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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,英語語法,abandon,v.,丟棄,放棄,拋棄,ban,禁止,禁令,Super scholar?rich redneck?,We will never abandon our principles.,n.,放任,縱情,People are rocking with abandon.,access,n.,接近,入口,打開,我這里上不了網(wǎng),I cant access the web/the internet here.,I dont have access to that room.,He is a man of
2、 easy access.,accomplish,v.,完成;實現(xiàn);達(dá)到,This task is accomplished by great effort.,If we work together,I think we could accomplish our goal.,complete,完成,achieve,實現(xiàn)(美好的),achieve success,achievement,成就,astonished,a.,驚訝的,astonishment,n.,吃驚,amaze,v.,使驚奇,使驚愕,be amazed at,驚訝于,amazing,a.,驚人的,令人深刻的,amazingly,a
3、dv.,驚人地,十分地,主謂一致,主謂一致是指,:,1,)語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與,謂語,要一致。,2,)意義上要一致,即,主語意義,上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致,。,3,)就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:,Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.,但,當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,。,例如:,Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.,1.,并列,結(jié)構(gòu),作主語時謂語用,復(fù)數(shù),,例如,:,Reading,andw
4、ritingareveryimportant.,注意:,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加,定冠詞,。當(dāng),主語由,and,連接時,,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),,and,此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞,。例如:,The,ironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.,The,Leaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.,A,.isB.wasC.areD.,were,注:由,and,連接的并列單數(shù)主語的前面分別有,each,,,every,
5、no,修飾時,其謂語用單數(shù)形式。,2.,主謂一致中的靠近原則,1),當(dāng),therebe,句型的主語是,一系列事物,時,謂語應(yīng)與,最鄰近,的主語保持一致。例如:,Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.,Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass,。,2,)當(dāng),eitheror,與,neithernor,,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與,最鄰近,的主語保持一致。如果句子是由,here,there,引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:,Eithe
6、ryouorsheistogo.,Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.,3.,謂語動詞與,前面的,主語一致,當(dāng)主語有,with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas,等詞語構(gòu)成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致如:,Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.,HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.,4.,謂語需用單數(shù)的情況,1,)代詞,each,以及由,every,some,no,any,等構(gòu)成的復(fù)
7、合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有,each,every,時,謂語需用,單數(shù),。,例如:,Eachofushasatape-recorder.,Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.,2,)當(dāng)主語是,一本書,或,一條格言,時,謂語動詞常用,單數(shù),。,例如:,TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.,3,)表示,金錢,時間,價格或度量衡,的,復(fù)合名詞,作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個,整體,,謂語一般用,單數(shù),。,例如:,Threeweeks,wasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparatio
8、ns.,Tenyuanisenough.,5.,指代意義,決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù),1,)代詞,what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all,等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:,Allisright.,一切順利。,Allarepresent.,人都到齊了。,2,),集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定,。如,family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee,等詞后,謂語動詞用,復(fù)數(shù),形式時強調(diào)這個集體中的,各個成員,,用,單數(shù),時強調(diào)該集體的,整體,。,例如:,Hisfamilyisntv
9、erylarge.,Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.,但集合名詞,people,police,cattle,poultry,等在任何情況下都用,復(fù)數(shù),形式。例如:,Arethereanypolicearound?,3,)有些名詞,如,variety,number,population,proportion,majority,等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:,Anumberof+,名詞復(fù)數(shù),+,復(fù)數(shù)動詞。,Thenumberof+,名詞復(fù)數(shù),+,單數(shù)動詞。,Anumberofbookshavelentout.Thenumberofthestudentsin our class
10、 is 50.,6.,與,后接名詞,或,代詞,保持一致的情況,1,)用,halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof,,分?jǐn)?shù)所在,of,短語,等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與,of,后面的名詞,/,代詞保持一致,。,例如:,Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.,Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.,2,)用,aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof,(一組,人),等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常用,單數(shù),。,例如:,Aseriesofacciden
11、tshasbeenreported.,3,)如,manya,或,morethanone,所修飾的短語作主語時,謂語動詞多用,單數(shù),形式。但由,morethanof,作主語時,動詞應(yīng)與,其后的名詞或代詞保持一致,。,Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.,Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.,1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.,A.were,wasB.was,was C.was,wereD.were,were,
12、2.Email,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayed C.areplayingD.play,3._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.,A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are,4.Tenminutes_alongtimeforonewhowaits.,A.seemB.seems C.seemedD.areseemed,5.Ericisth
13、eonlyoneoftheboyswho_adrivinglicense.,A.hasB.have C.ishavingD.arehaving,6.Nobody_seenthefilm.Itsapity.,A.butTomandJackhaveB.exceptTomandJackhaveC.butmyfriendshasD.butIhave,7.Noteacherandnostudent_,A.areadmittedB.isadmitted C.areadmittingD.isadmitting,8.Thewriterandsinger_here.,A.isB.areC.wereD.do,英語
14、從句,LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET CONSECTETUER,名詞性從句,1,定語從句,2,狀語從句,3,ENGLISH,CONTENTS,名詞性從句,1,表語從句,賓語從句,主語從句,定語從句,表語從句,1,定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。,表語是什么?,表語就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修飾主語,表語是用來說明主語的,身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,。表語須和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語常由,名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的,-ing,形式、動詞的,-ed,、從句,來充當(dāng),它常位于連系動詞之后。在,形式,上,位于系動詞后的就是表語。從,含義,上講
15、,表語是回答主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的語法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。,系動詞是什么?,系動詞,亦稱連系動詞(,Link Verb,),是用來,幫助說明主語,的動詞。它本身有詞義,但不能單獨用作謂語,其后必須跟,表語,,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。,系動詞的主要分類:,1,)狀態(tài)系動詞,用來表示,主語狀態(tài),,只有,be,一詞,例如:,He is a teacher.,(,is,與補足語一起說明,主語的身份,。),2,)持續(xù)系動詞,用來表示主語,繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,,主要有,keep,rest,remain,stay,lay,stand,例如:,He al
16、ways keeps silent at meeting.,3,)表像系動詞,用來表示,“,看起來像,”,這一概念,主要有,seem,appear,look,例如:,He looks tired.,4,)感官系動詞,感官系動詞主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,5,)變化系動詞,這些系動詞表示,主語變成什么樣,,變化系動詞主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如:,He became mad after that.,6,)終止系動詞,表示主語,已終止動作,,主要有,prove,turn out,表達(dá),證實,,,變成,之意,例如:,His plan turned out a success.,(,turn out,表終止性結(jié)果),引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:,(,1),從屬連詞,that,。如:,The,trouble is that I have lost his,address.,(,2),從屬連詞,whether,as,as if,。如