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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,*,Lecture 3,專業(yè)詞匯（,glossary,）的翻譯,,專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的翻譯,,翻譯的定義和目的,,,翻譯是把一種語言的信息用另一種語言表達(dá)出來,;,,目的是使譯文的讀者能得到原作者所表達(dá)的思想，得到與原文讀者大致相同的感受。,,,專業(yè)英語翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)確明白,：準(zhǔn)確無誤、清楚明白地表達(dá)原文含義。必須正確理解原文，使譯文不產(chǎn)生歧義,,通順嚴(yán)密,：譯文的選詞造句符合漢語的要求和習(xí)慣，語言通暢又嚴(yán)密,,簡練全面：,譯文要簡潔精煉，同時(shí)力求全面不遺漏,,專業(yè)詞匯的翻譯,專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯,,專業(yè)課程名稱的

2、翻譯,,根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義,,根據(jù)詞的搭配來選擇詞義,,根據(jù)學(xué)科和專業(yè)選擇詞義,,詞義的引申,,詞義的轉(zhuǎn)換,,a,、計(jì)量單位名稱（一般采用音譯）,,hertz volt ampere,newton,...,,b,、各種新型材料名詞一般用音譯,,nylon-,尼龍，,,Valve-,閥（門）,,X-ray x,光，,radar-,雷達(dá),,vaseline,-,凡士林，,uranium-,鈾,,morphine-,嗎啡，,heroin-,海洛因,,Penicilliin,-,盤尼西林（青霉素）,1.,專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯,,c,、由人名構(gòu)成的術(shù)語，一般采用音、意混合譯法,,Faraday cons

3、tant,法拉第常數(shù),(,恒量,),,Lenz's law,楞次定律,,,Joule-Thomson effect,焦耳,-,湯姆孫效應(yīng),,Mason Formula,梅森公式,,Routh,approximation method,勞思近似判據(jù),,Nyquist,stability criterion,奈奎斯特穩(wěn)定判據(jù),1.,專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯,,2.,專業(yè)課程名稱的翻譯,自動檢測技術(shù),,Auto-Measurement Technique,,傳感器原理,,Principle of Sensing Device,,電路原理,,theory of circuit,,模擬電子技術(shù),,Analog e

4、lectronics technique,,數(shù)字電子技術(shù),,Digital electronics technique,,電力電子技術(shù),,Power electronics technique,,電氣自動控制,,Electrical automatic control,,自動控制原理,,Automatic control theory,,現(xiàn)代控制原理,,Modern control theory,,微機(jī)原理,,,Principle of microcomputer,,計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù),,,Computer control technique,,過程控制系統(tǒng),,Process control sy

5、stem,2.,專業(yè)課程名稱的翻譯,,電機(jī)學(xué),,,Theory of electric motors,,電力拖動基礎(chǔ),,,Fundamental of electric drive,,電力拖動自動控制系統(tǒng),,Automatic control system for electric drive,,單片機(jī)應(yīng)用,,application of single-chip computer,,可編程邏輯控制器,,Programmable logical,controller(PLC,),,半導(dǎo)體變流技術(shù),,Semiconductor converting Technique,,計(jì)算機(jī)接口技術(shù),,Comp

6、uter Interface Technique,2.,專業(yè)課程名稱的翻譯,,2.,專業(yè)英語課程名稱簡介,電工測量,,Electric measurement,,供電技術(shù)：,,Power supplying technique,,樓宇自動化：,,Building automation,,自適應(yīng)控制：,,Adaptive control system,,電氣,CAD,：,,Electrical CAD,,多媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)：,,Multimedia and network technique,,Trying:,,大學(xué)英語,,College,english,,C,語言,,C language,,計(jì)算

7、機(jī)操作系統(tǒng),,Computer operating system,,數(shù)字信號處理,,Digital signal processing,,A: Which university did you graduate from?,,,B:I graduated,from__________University,.,,A: What subject did you major in at university?,,(=,What`s,your major?),,,B:I majored in__________.,,A: Tell me about the courses of your major

8、in university.,,,B:I take more than 50 courses in university, including_____________________, and so on.,,A: How did you get on with your studies in university?,,,B:I did well in university. I was one of the top students in the class.,,A: What subject did you minor (,輔修,)in?,,,B:I,didn`t,minor in an

9、y subject when I was in university, but I attended ____and ______ courses.,,3.,根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義,1) A car needs a lot of,power,,to go fast.,,,2),Power,can be transmitted a very long distance.,,,,3) The fourth,power,of three is eighty-one.,,,4) The combining,power,of one element in the compound must equal th

10、e combining,power,of the other element.,同一詞在不同場合往往有不同含義，,應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文,,,即根據(jù),專業(yè)特點(diǎn),和,具體語境,來確定其確切含義。,例如：,power,,汽車高速行駛需要很大的,動力,。,電力,可以傳送到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。,3,的,4,次方,是,81,。,化合物中一種元素的,化合價(jià),必須等于另一元素的化合價(jià)。,,This medicine,acts,well on the heart,．,,,Work,must be done in setting a body in motion.,,,Even though,bearings,are usual

11、ly lubricated, there is friction and some wear.,,,Many chemical reaction need heat to make them,take place,這種藥對心臟,療效,很好。,即使經(jīng)常給,軸承,潤滑，還存在摩擦與一些磨損。,使一個(gè)物體運(yùn)動時(shí)，必須做,功,。,,很多化學(xué)反應(yīng)需要熱量才能,進(jìn)行。,3.,根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義普通詞匯的專業(yè)化,,4.,根據(jù)詞的搭配來選擇詞義,1),large,current,,2),large,capacity,,3),large,loads,,4),large,-screen TV,,5),large

12、,growing,,6) a,large,amount of money,,不同搭配方式可以產(chǎn)生不同的詞義,。,例如：,large,強(qiáng)電流,高容量,重載,寬屏電視,生長快的,一大筆錢,,5.,根據(jù)學(xué)科和專業(yè)選擇詞義,醫(yī)藥學(xué),,化學(xué),,軍事,,汽車制造,,無線電,,郵政業(yè),不同搭配方式可以產(chǎn)生不同的詞義,。,例如：,carrier,：,日常用語,“搬運(yùn)工人、搬運(yùn)車、搬運(yùn)船”,“,帶菌者，媒介物”,“載體”，,~ gas,“航空母艦”,“底盤”,“載波”,“郵遞員”,,1) The chemical sensor will do,most of the things,a worker will d

13、o.,,,2) Quantum chemistry is still,in its infancy.,,,,3) When polymers,are fabricated,into useful articles, they are referred to as plastics, rubbers, and fibers.,,,,6.,詞義的引申,若無法從字典等工具書上找到直接、恰當(dāng)、準(zhǔn)確的解釋，可按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，對詞義加以引申。,化學(xué)傳感器能勝任一位工人所能做的,大部分工作,。,量子化學(xué)仍處于,發(fā)展初期,。,當(dāng)聚合物,加工成,有用的制品時(shí)，就把它稱為塑料、橡膠和纖維,,1) Despit

14、e all the,improvements,, rubber still has a number of limitations.,,,2) Boiling point,is defined,as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere.,,,,,Mercury,weighs,about thirteen times as much as water,7.,詞義的轉(zhuǎn)換,由于英漢兩種語言結(jié)構(gòu)與表達(dá)方式的不同， 有些句子在漢譯時(shí)不能逐詞對譯，需要作恰當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換。,盡管,改進(jìn),了很多

15、，但合成橡膠仍有一些缺陷。,(n,→,v),沸點(diǎn),的,定義,就是氣壓等于大氣壓時(shí)的溫度。,(v,→,,n),水銀的,重量,約為水的,13,倍,。,(v →n ),,,Noises may,develop,in a worn engine.,,Shorts frequently,develop,when insulation is worn.,,Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants,developed,the disease.,,Other isolation methods are being,developed.,,In,developing,the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.,,After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the,developing,of the computers.,Try to translate the following words into Chinese,產(chǎn)生,發(fā)生,染上,研究,進(jìn)行,開發(fā),exercises,,