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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),#,College English Grammar:,Grammar and Writing,By,Zhu Xiangjun,College English Grammar:,1,Unit 4,Modifiers,：,Adverb,Grammar:,Adverbs,Writing:,Correcting:,Misplaced Modifiers and ly Modifiers,Rewriting:,Relationship and completeness,Unit 4Modifiers：Adverb,2,A

2、dverbs,Adverbs,modify verbs,adjectives,other adverbs,or an entire clause by making its meaning more specific.,We go shopping.,We often do that at weekend.,We,often,go shopping at weekend.modifying verb“go”,Bob is a student.,He is good.,His goodness is unusual.,Bob is an,unusually,good student.modify

3、ing adjective“good”,My child gets up.,He gets up at seven.,He almost always gets up at seven.,My child,almost,always gets up at seven.modifying adverb“always”,Adverbs Adverbs modify,3,Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to an adjective:,general-generally,bad-badly,soft-softly,definite-definitely,ha

4、ppy-happily,frequent-frequently,Like adjectives,some adverbs have three forms of comparison:positive,comparative,and superlative.,Positive,Comparative,Superlative,badly worse worst,far farther/further farthest/furthest,fore former foremost/first,late later latest/last,little less least,much more mos

5、t,well better best,Many adverbs are formed by,4,1)Kinds of Adverbs,Adverbs of Time:,afterwards,later,now,soon,yesterday,then,recently,still,finally etc.,Adverbs of Place:,abroad,anywhere,here,outside,somewhere,there,home etc.,Adverbs of Manner,:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly etc.,Adverbs of Freq

6、uency,:always,often,usually,frequently,never,seldom,sometimes,etc.,Adverbs of Degree,:almost,entirely,greatly,highly,partially,practically,totally,very,etc.,Adverbs of Negation,:no,not,neither,nor etc.,Adverbs of Probability,:certainly,definitely,maybe,perhaps,possibly,probably etc.,Adverbs of Inter

7、rogative,:when,where,how,why etc.,Others:also,too,only etc.,1)Kinds of Adverbs,5,1.,Position of adverbs,When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb,the modifying adverb must immediately precede the word modified.,The prices are,quite,reasonable.,We are,very,much hoping you can attend our

8、wedding.,When an adverb modifies a verb,it has three positions in a sentence:front(before the subject),middle(between the subject and the main verb)and end(after the verb or object).,Sometimes,I feel quite lonely.,“Mathematics”is,sometimes,abbreviated to“math”.,I can not sense your meaning,sometimes

9、.,1.Position of adverbs W,6,The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:,She picked up,slowly,the gun.,She picked up the gun,slowly,.,However,adverbs should always come after intransitive verbs(=verbs which have no object).,Ill weeds grow,fast,.,It pays to work,honestly,.,The adverb

10、 should not be,7,Also,some common adverbs(,well,badly,hard,etc.)are almost always placed after the verb.,They suffered,badly,during the flood.,Although grumbling sometimes,he worked,hard,.,As a general rule,it is wise to place the adverb as near as possible to the word that it modifies.,He drives,ca

11、refully,.,The party has,thoroughly,searched the whole cave.,Also,some common adver,8,Adverbs of manner and place,are usually put behind the direct object(or behind the verb if theres no direct object).,The boy sneaked out of the house,quietly,.,We have to walk back,home,.,Adverbs of time,are usually

12、 put at the end of a sentence but,to catch attention,you can also put them at the beginning of a sentence.,She stayed in the Bears house,all day,.,Tomorrow,Im going to tidy my room.,Adverbs of frequency,are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs(such as be,have,may,must).,You

13、must,always,fasten your seat belt.,I have,never,forgotten my first kiss.,Adverbs of manner and,9,3.Order of adverbs,Usual word order with different adverbs is:,manner+place+time,She sang,beautifully,in the bathroom,last night,.,The murder escaped,quickly,from the village,at dusk,.,As a general rule,

14、shorter adverbial phrases go before longer adverbial phrases,regardless of content.,The cat takes a walk,after super,every day of its life,.,He will wait for us,at six,at the west gate of the university,.,3.Order of adverbs Usua,10,A second rule is that among similar adverbial phrases of kind(manner

15、,place,frequency,etc.),the more specific adverbial phrase comes first.,Mozart was born,in January,in 1756,.,They lived,in a little log cabin,in the mountains,.,Of adverbs of manner,the shorter usually comes before the longer and they are linked with each other by conjunctions such as,and,but,etc.,Pl

16、ease drive,slowly,and,carefully,.,She spoke,fast,but,clearly,.,A second rule is that a,11,Exercises 1:,Combine the sentences in each set into a single clear sentence.,The company has acquired an office building.The purchase is recent.The building is new.The building is in central Boston.,The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Boston.,He put forward a good suggestion.The suggestion is for students.The students are going to study abroad.,He put forward a good suggestion