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1、2014年浙江大學(xué)考博真題和參考答案 1. 聽力 Part A 原文： In my opinion, technology has become too advanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did not have a computer in my home, and if you did, it was uncommon. Not until the mid-1990s was it common for（middle class families） to have computers.

2、 In our society today, almost every single family has at least one computer if not more, and these computers are incredibly advanced compared to what youd have had in your home a short ten years ago. Over the years, I have seen technology bloom; all I have known my entire lifetime, is that there is

3、going to be something bigger, I should really say smaller, and better （out on the market） in no time. I cant believe how fast manufacturers are coming out with new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become so advanced is changes the course of our humanity? You can do everyth

4、ing you want from a computer, work, play,（talk to friends）, research, and even order food! A person could live their entire life jammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everything they need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowing up all over the

5、 place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, and this phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I （have access to the） internet on my PHONE! I cant believe how the cell phone market has so drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago,

6、 when I was 12 years old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and "old". I personally couldnt even imagine myself walking around with that phone （without being embarrassed）. It just goes to show how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on taking it all i

7、n. Every time I have bought a new phone since that point, six months later, I have wanted a new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after not even a year a phone can completely go off the market because it is not advanced enough? The manufacturers are putting these things ou

8、t faster than people can buy them. 2. 聽力 Part B 原文 括號內(nèi)為答案 It is an honor to speak with you today on the issue of（ public health disparities）. I would first like to thank the organizations that made this event possible. This has truly been a collaborative effort among a diverse group of constituen

9、ts. I think this sets a positive tone and precedent for a healthy and spirited discussion. As many of you may know, reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to my heart. I believe that in the richest and most powerful country in the world, we ought to be able to provi

10、de （basic health care）to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen the impact and burden of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race, gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectify the injustices that many people face in our current

11、health care system. Today’s sessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networking opportunities----today’s conference signifies an increased and （necessary call for action） among our region’s top health professionals. Public health is directly connected to poverty, income, education,

12、and community. We cant’ look at health care in a silo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to be provided to all people of all color. We are morally responsible for （improving the disparities in health care） because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build

13、our schools, our neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not a privilege----it is a right. I know we have along road to travel in achieving equality in health status. I know that everyone here knows this. And I am hopeful that perhaps more people than ever are （finally waking up to this reali

14、ty）. Part C1 原文 3個選擇題 There were very few places in the world that Jules Verne, the writer,, did not visit. He went round the world a hundred times or more. Once he did it in eighty days, unheard of in the nineteenth century. He voyaged sixty thousand miles under the sea, toured around the moon, e

15、xploded the center of the earth, and chatted with natives in Australia. Jules Verne, the man, was a stay-at-home. He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling. He did make a few visits to Europe and North Africa. And he made one six-week tour of New York State. But that was all. H

16、e spent less than one of his seventy-seven years really traveling. Yet he was the world’s most extraordinary tourist. His books are crowded with hunting and fishing expeditions. Jules actually went hunting only once. Then he raised his gun and shot off the guard’s hat! He never held a test tube in h

17、is hand. But he was an inspiration to the scientist in the laboratory. Long before radio was invented, he had TV working in his books. His name for it was phono-telephoto. He had helicopters fifty years before the Wright brothers flew their first plane at Kitty Hawk. In fact, there were few wonders

18、of the twentieth century that this man of the nineteenth century did not foresee. In his stories you can read about neon lights, moving sidewalks, air-conditioners, sky-scrapers, guided missiles, tanks, electrically operated submarines, and air-planes,and so on. 第一個問題 問這個人是干什么的 選the writer Part

19、C2 原文 第2篇 3個選擇題 Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from tim

20、e to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care

21、of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more me

22、chanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to

23、push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, o

24、n the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope. 第三篇 Animals do not possess a language in the true sense of the word. In the higher vertebrates, as also in insects, particularly in the socially living species of both great groups, every individual has a certain number of inmate movements and

25、 sounds for expressing feelings. It has also innate ways of reacting to these signals whenever it sees or hears them in a fellow-member of the species. The highly social species of birds such as the jackdaw or the graylag goose, have a complicated code of such signals which are uttered and understoo

26、d by every bird without any previous experience. The perfect co-ordination of social behaviour which is brought about by these actions and reactions conveys to the human observer the impression that the birds are talking and understanding a language of the own. Of course, this purely innate signal c

27、ode of an animal species differs fundamentally from human language, every word of which must be learned laboriously by the human child. Moreover, being a genetically fixed character of the species—just as much as any bodily character—this so-called language is, for every individual animal species, u

28、biquitous in its distribution. Obvious though this fact may seem, it was, nevertheless, with something akin to nave surprise that I heard the jackdaws in northern Russia “talk” exactly the same, familiar “dialect” as my birds at home in Altenberg. The superficial similarity between these animal utte

29、rances and human languages diminishes further as it becomes gradually clear to the observer that the animal, in all these sounds and movements expressing its emotions, has in no way the conscious intention of influencing a fellow member of its species. This is proved by the fact that even geese or j

30、ackdaws reared and kept singly make all these signals as soon as the corresponding mood overtakes them. Under these circumstances the automatic and even mechanical character of these signals becomes strikingly apparent and reveals them as entirely different from human words. 二.（15題，15分）單選題（順序打亂了）

31、The two friends sat in a corner and __B__ away to each other about the weather． a．talkedb．chatted c．muttered d．whispered He is going to __D__ the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minute． a．speak b．talk c．remark d．a(chǎn)ddress Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been

32、a severe critic of the governments ___A___ policies. a. economic b. economical c. economy d. economics There are not many teachers who are strong _C_of traditional methods in English teaching. a. sponsors b. contributors c. advocates d. performers A friendship may be ___B___ , casual

33、, situational or deep and lasting. a. identical b. superficial c. critical d. original Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _C_ down the economy. a. put b. settle c. drag d. knock We are _D_ to the idea, but we doubt whether the time i

34、s ripe to put it into force. a. equal b. adequate c. considerate d. sympathetic People were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to ___B__ everything he was involved in. a. Prevail b. dominate c. preside d. instruct You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it’s not

35、worth the __D__ it involves. a. force b. trial c. attempt d. effort The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for __D__ her attitude toward customers. a. straightforward b. partial c. favorable d. hostile You must pack plenty of food for the journey. __D__, you will need warm

36、clothes, so pack them too. a. Equally b. Incidentally c. Inevitably d. Likewise This __B_ was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice. a. examination b. survey c. inspection d. test As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals __B__ a substance to absorb h

37、armful chemicals a. relieve b. release c. dismiss d. discard He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any___B__ about what was meant. a. wonder b. doubt c. question d. consideration 三.完形填空（20題 20分） Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must

38、die. But people now live longer than they (1) . Yet, all living things still show the (2) of aging, which will eventually (3) death. Aging is not a disease, （4）as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (5) they form do not function as well as they did in childhood and teenage years.

39、 The body provides less (6) against disease and is more (7) to have accident. A number of related causes may (8) aging. Some cells of the body have a （9） long life, but they are not (10) when they die. As a person ages, (11) of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. Other body cells die and are（12）

40、by new cells. In an aging person the new cells may not be as workable or as capable (13) growth as those of a young person. Another (14) in aging may be changes within the cells(15). Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. This is (16) the skin of

41、 old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason why old people (17) in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, （18） DNA and RNA, store and (19) information that the cells need.Aging may affect this (20) and change the inform

42、ationcarrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well. 1.C A．would B．be used to C．used to D． used 2.B A．function B．effect C．a(chǎn)ffect D． sign 3.D A．lead in B．give in C．run into D． result in 4.but 5.D A．hands B．feet C．heart D． organs 6.B A．energy B．p

43、rotection C．vigor D． power 7.A A．likely B．probable C．possible D． alike 8.B A．a(chǎn)ttend to B．contribute to C．a(chǎn)dd to D． devote to 9.fairly 10.A A．replaced B．reborn C．recovered D． surrendered 11.C A．a(chǎn) number B．the amount C．the number D． a great deal 12.replaced 13.C A．to

44、 B．for C．of D． in 14.A A．factor B．effect C．reason D． element 15.C A．for themselvesB．of themselves C．themselves D．on their own 16.why 17.B A．increase B．shrink C．lengthen D． decrease 18.such as 19.D A．pass away B．pass by C．pass off D． pass on 20.D A．improvement B．

45、procession C．a(chǎn)pproach D． process 四閱讀（4篇，20分） 閱讀第一篇 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning.

46、psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. one kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". this occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, it is through classical conditioning that a

47、child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning." this occurs when an individual learns to do thing

48、s that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. for example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. thus, the baby will learn to incr

49、ease his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. we constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. this learning affects our emotions. why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? if a pe

50、rson is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. on the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative

51、feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger. 1. the authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _B_. 　　a) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotion 　　b) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning 　　c) give parents some advice on

52、 how to modify their childrens emotions through learning 　　d) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced 　　2.if your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though _B_ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts t

53、o be humorous in his presence. 　　a) classical conditioning 　　b) operant conditioning 　　c) neither of them 　　d) some other sorts of conditioning 　　3. if a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of f

54、urry animals. this is a typical example of learning through _A_. 　　a) classical conditioning 　　b) operant conditioning 　　c) both of them 　　d) neither of them 　　4. in the third paragraph, the author is _D_. 　　a) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day 　　b) talking about learn

55、ing to modify emotions through operant conditioning 　　c) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on 　　d) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning 　　5. in the following paragraphs the author will most probably g

56、o on to discuss __C_. 　　a) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings 　　b) the third kind of learning 　　c) further examples of learning through operant conditioning 　　d) none of the above 閱讀第2篇， Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps

57、 laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smiking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars

58、 in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer--alcoholism. But wait. Weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down

59、 abilished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manyfacturing, selling, or transporting of "intoxicating liquors". Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get dr

60、unk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all bery logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why? Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get i

61、t. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gans of liquor smugglers millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were licky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crim

62、e and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a rusult of prohibition. Instead, people drank nore alcohol than ever-often poisoned alcohol. 1. Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?A a) There woul

63、d be no further danger to the public from alcoholism. b) There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages. c) Without liquor, people would not drink. d) People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance. 2. During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was_C___. a) sold openly b) no lo

64、nger a temptation c) a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Act d) brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders 3. During Prohibition, people__B__. a) lived in fear of the law b) were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquor c) recklessly endangered their comunities d) we

65、re respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them 4. When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumend that__D__. a) every American would buy alcohol illegally b) all criminal activities would cease c) patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol d) the social threat from drunkerness would decline 5. It can be inferred from the passage