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1、 Unit 4　Helping people around the world Module6 熱 點(diǎn) 單 詞 1.cooperate v. 合作，協(xié)助 →cooperation 　n．合作 → cooperative adj.合作的，協(xié)作的　 2.aware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的 → awareness n．覺(jué)悟，意識(shí) 3.poor adj.貧窮的 → poverty n. 貧困，貧乏 4.access n. 通道入口 → accessible　adj. 易達(dá)到的，易得到的 5.collect v. 收集，采集 → collection n．收集，收藏品 →collec

2、tive adj. 集體的，共同的 6.occupy v. 占有，從事 → occupation　n．工作，職業(yè) mit v. 犯罪，犯錯(cuò)，托付，交付 → commitment; n. 承諾，義務(wù) →committed adj.集體的，共同的 8.remind v．使想起 → Reminder n．提醒……的東西 1.Ladies and gentlemen, I have the honor of introducing our honored / honoured guests this evening. honored / honoured　女士們，先生們，我很榮幸介紹我們今晚

3、的貴賓。 2.Doctors had to operate on him and only the most skilled surgeon can perform this operation. operation　醫(yī)生不得不給他做手術(shù)，并且只有最老練的外科醫(yī)生才能做此手術(shù)。 3.The old man volunteered to do voluntary work providing help for the community. voluntary　那個(gè)老人自告奮勇地做義工，為社區(qū)提供幫助。 4.He gets frustrated when he cant win and

4、 its frustration that makes me upset. frustration　他贏不了的時(shí)候便垂頭喪氣，是那種讓我感到不安的失望。 5.She is my comforter when I am upset. Her words make me feel comfortable. comfortable　我失意時(shí)她安慰我，她的言語(yǔ)使我覺(jué)得很舒心。 根據(jù)中文填單詞完成句子，每空一詞(記憶時(shí)，用下列橫線上的新單詞造句記憶) 1.藥物治療終于開(kāi)始對(duì)瘧疾、傷寒和糖尿病顯出效果。 The malaria, typhoid and diabetes is at las

5、t responding to medication. 2.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)使人們的生活處于混亂狀態(tài)并導(dǎo)致他們失業(yè)。 The outbreak of the war put peoples life in chaos and caused them out of occupation. 根據(jù)中文寫出英文短語(yǔ) 1. 談及；指稱；參考 refer to　 2. 給……做手術(shù) operate on　 3. 從一地到另一地 from place to place 4. 擔(dān)當(dāng)(某一角色) take on　 5. 值得做……

6、 be worthy doing…　 6. 吸引某人的注意力 draw one‘s attention　 7. 在……的保護(hù)下 under the umbrella of 8. 提出，制定出 set out　 9. 作為……的代表 on behalf of　 10. 出故障；拋錨 break down　 11. 處于混亂狀態(tài) in chaos　 12. 得到；抓住 get hold of　 13. 讓人想起……，提醒某人…

7、… remind sb. of…　 14. 回想 think back to　 15. 產(chǎn)生變化，發(fā)生改變 make a difference 1. Where there is…， there is… 哪里有……，哪里就有…… 2. I feel very honored to… 我感到非常榮幸能…… 3. As you know, … 如你所知，…… 4. This will increase peoples awareness of… 這會(huì)提高人們對(duì)……的意識(shí)。 5. Do…and youll do… 如果你……，你將會(huì)…

8、… 同義轉(zhuǎn)換 1.If there were no water, there would be no life. Without water　， there would be no life.　 2.I didnt know his address, so I didnt write to him. If I had known his address, I would have written　to him. 3.It is said that he has invented a new machine. He is said to have invented a new

9、 machine. 4.The imposter(冒名頂替者) seemed anxious to leave. It seemed that the imposter was anxious to leave. 5.We study not only Chinese but also English. We study English as well as Chinese. We study English and Chinese as well. Besides Chinese, we also study English. We study both C

10、hinese and English. We study Chinese, and English,too. 1、face v. 面對(duì)，面向；應(yīng)對(duì)，大膽面對(duì) ①We feel warmer in winter because our house faces south. 因?yàn)槲覀兊姆孔映?，所以冬天感覺(jué)暖和一點(diǎn)。 ②He faced_the_difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地應(yīng)對(duì)了困難。 (1) be faced with… 面臨，面對(duì) ③The whole world is_faced_with the economic

11、 crisis now. 現(xiàn)在全世界都面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。 (2) face the music 承擔(dān)批評(píng)，接受處罰 ④They all ran away, so I had to face_the_music. 他們都跑了，所以我不得不挨罰。 (3) face up to… 敢于面對(duì)…… ⑤You should face up to your responsibility. 你應(yīng)該敢于承擔(dān)你的責(zé)任。 (4) face n. 臉，面容，面孔 make a face 做鬼臉 save (sb.s) face 保全(某人的)面子 lose (ones) face 有失面

12、子 to ones face直接地，當(dāng)著某人的面 ⑥ ____ with the problems of my telephone addiction, I went to have a talk with a doctor. A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. Face B本題考查了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)，可補(bǔ)充為Because I was faced with the problem… 2、 remind vt. (1)“使想起”，后面可以跟從句，也常跟of引起的短語(yǔ)。

13、 ①What he had done reminded_me_of_the_days when I was in the army. 他所做的一切使我想起了我在部隊(duì)的那些日子。 ②They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car. 他們使我想到，他們承諾過(guò)給我買車。 (2)“提醒”，跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；也可以跟about或者of引起的短語(yǔ)。 ③Be sure to remind her to come back early. 你一定要提醒她早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。 ④We must send a letter t

14、o remind him of the deadline of the task. 我們必須寫信提醒他任務(wù)的最后期限 。 ⑤ He got a letter from his mother, which ____ him of his home. A. remembered B. forgot C. thought D. reminded D 根據(jù)句意和賓語(yǔ)him后的of his home，只有動(dòng)詞remind后跟of引起的短語(yǔ)。 3 、 辨析 approach, means, way, method (1) approa

15、ch方法，方式；通常指抽象意義上的方法。結(jié)構(gòu)為：approach ＋ to ＋ n. / doing。 (2) means (單復(fù)數(shù)同形)可以指人或物，其含義為“手段”或“工具”；這個(gè)詞不僅用于具體的東西，也可以用于抽象的意念。 (3) way 是個(gè)通用的詞。由于way常出現(xiàn)在許多固定的詞組中，way往往是指可能性，而不是說(shuō)明用什么方式；另外do sth. in this way 中的 way 即 method 的意思，但并不用 method。 (4) method 所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具體步驟或程序，也可以指抽象概念“條理”，多與with搭配。 with this

16、 method ＝ in this way＝ by this means 用這種方法 ①There is no good approach to the problem. 在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有什么好方法。 ②Radio and television are important means of communication. 無(wú)線電和電視是重要的通信手段。 ③She showed them the_way_to_do it. 她向他們示范做這件事的方法。 ④The_teaching_method marked a new epoch in education.

17、 這種教學(xué)方法標(biāo)志著進(jìn)入教育的新時(shí)代。 (1)mean to do (＝plan / intend to do…) 計(jì)劃做……，打算做…… (2)mean (doing)… 意思是，意味著 (3)be meant / intended to do… 本意是做…… (4)mean adj. 低劣的；刻薄的；簡(jiǎn)陋的；吝嗇的 ⑤I have been meaning to phone you all the week. 一個(gè)星期來(lái)我一直想給你打電話。 ⑥Refusing to fill in the form means giving up the chance.

18、 拒絕填表就意味著放棄這次機(jī)會(huì)。 ⑦The project is meant to help those who lost their homes in the earthquake. 本項(xiàng)工程是要幫助那些在地震中失去家園的人。 ⑧Dont be so mean to your brother. 不要對(duì)你弟弟如此刻薄。 ⑨The workers had to live in a small mean house. 工人們住在一個(gè)很小很破舊的房子里。 4、 lack n. 缺乏，沒(méi)有 (常與介詞of連用) ①M(fèi)any people cant affo

19、rd to buy a house because of lack_of_money. 因?yàn)槿卞X，許多人買不起房子。 vt. 缺乏，缺少，沒(méi)有 (不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) vi. 缺乏(＋in); 需要 (＋for) ②The plants lack_water;_please water them, or theyll die. 這些植物缺水；請(qǐng)澆水，否則它們會(huì)死的。 ③He is young; he_is_still_lacking_in_experience. 他年輕，還缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 1、 go wrong (機(jī)器)出故障；犯錯(cuò)；遇到困難，出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。其中g(shù)o為系

20、動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，表示“變得”。go deaf / blind / pale / sour, etc. 變聾 / 瞎 / 蒼白 / 酸等。 ①The relationship started to go wrong when they moved abroad. 移居國(guó)外后，他們的關(guān)系開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題了。 ②As years pass by, my mothers hair has gone grey. 隨著歲月的流逝，我媽媽的頭發(fā)變得灰白了。 表示“變得”的系動(dòng)詞還有： become, turn, get, grow, fall, come等。 ③It is getti

21、ng dark; lets stop working. 天黑了，我們停止工作吧。 ④Its already spring! You see, the leaves are turning green. 已是春天了！你瞧，樹(shù)葉都變綠了。 ⑤ All the people attending the victory ceremony ____ wild with excitement at the speech by Obama. A. become B. were turned C. grew D. had

22、 gone C 注意本題所用的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)句子的意思與語(yǔ)境，可知應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，選C。系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以B項(xiàng)不正確。 2、work on 繼續(xù)工作，從事 ①It is known that this scientist has been working on this problem for about ten years. 人們知道，這位科學(xué)家研究這一問(wèn)題已達(dá)10年之久。 work on 還可表示“奏效”、“激起”、“努力說(shuō)服”等意思?！　? ②Wine will work on his emotion. 酒會(huì)使他情緒激動(dòng)。 (2) work out

23、算出，解答出；健身；結(jié)果等。 ③I believe that you can work_out this problem by yourself. 我相信你能自己解答這道難題。 ④We hadnt expected that our evening party could work out so well. 我們從沒(méi)想到我們的晚會(huì)會(huì)是如此的成功。 ⑤He goes to the gym to work_out every other day. 他每隔一天去體育館健身一次。 ⑥ Susan decided not to ____ the program at

24、home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she was doing. A. work at B. work out C. work on D. work for C 本句的意思是“蘇珊決定不在家里做這個(gè)方案”，即work on 從事……；做…… 3、look up 查找，抬頭 ①He looked up, but didnt see anything. 他抬頭，卻什么也沒(méi)有看到。 ②Can you look up the time of the ne

25、xt train? 你查一查下一班火車的時(shí)間好嗎？ 與look有關(guān)的詞組： look after 照管，照料 look at 看望，注視 look back 回顧，回頭看 look down on 看不起，輕視 look for 尋找，尋求 look forward to 盼望，期待 look in 順便看望 look into 調(diào)查，觀察，過(guò)問(wèn)，窺視 look on

26、 旁觀，觀看；看待；視作 look out (for) 留神，注意，提防，警惕 look over 檢查，查看，調(diào)查 look through 瀏覽，溫習(xí) look up 查閱；尋找(某人) look up to 尊敬，敬仰 ③— Is it good to ____ every word when I come across it in reading? — No, you don’t have to because you are likely to guess the meaning from the conte

27、xt. A. look into B. look out C. look up D. look over C 查找，查閱。 4、force sb. to do… 強(qiáng)迫某人做…… ①Nobody can force me to do anything. 沒(méi)有人能強(qiáng)迫我做任何事?！　? ②He forced the little boy to open the door. 他迫使這個(gè)小男孩打開(kāi)門。 (1) 表示“使某人做……”的表達(dá)方式還有：force sb. into doing…； make sb.

28、do…； have sb. do…； do…by force等。同時(shí)，force sb. into / out of / onto…等，其后可直接跟名詞。 ③I managed to force the truth out of him. 我設(shè)法迫使他說(shuō)出了真相。 ④Two young men forced_me_into_their_car. 兩個(gè)年輕人迫使我上了他們的車。 (2) political / economic forces 政治 / 經(jīng)濟(jì)力量 the forces of nature 大自然的力量 the force of gravity 地球

29、引力 5、辨析 if only， only if (1)if only 如果……多好，要是……就好了。常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 ①If only one had an unlimited supply of money. 要是能財(cái)源不斷就好了。 (2)only if 只有當(dāng)……，只有在……的時(shí)候。引導(dǎo)的是客觀條件狀語(yǔ)從句，若這個(gè)從句位于句首，主句需要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 ②Only if I get a job in the summer will_I_have enough money to go on my education next term. 我只有在暑假打到一份工，下學(xué)期才

30、會(huì)有足夠的學(xué)費(fèi)(上學(xué))。 ③The company will succeed only_if it can have sufficient backing. 只有當(dāng)這家公司獲得足夠的資助，它才會(huì)成功。 ④ ____ a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the classroom. A. If only B. Only if C. As if D. Even if B 根據(jù)后面的主句is a student al

31、lowed to…運(yùn)用了倒裝句可知，且全句的意思也是“只有當(dāng)學(xué)生得到了老師的準(zhǔn)許后才可以進(jìn)入教室”。 6、break down 出毛病，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；(身體)垮掉；瓦解，破除;中止,分解 ①The workers are having a rest, as the machine is broken_down. 由于機(jī)器出了故障，工人們暫時(shí)在休息。 ②You will one day break down if you are always working so hard. 如果你總是如此辛勤地勞動(dòng)，總有一天會(huì)病倒的。 break away 突

32、然離開(kāi) break away from sb. 脫離,離開(kāi),背棄 break forth 迸發(fā),爆發(fā),發(fā)泄 break in 闖進(jìn),打斷 break in/with/on 打斷某人的談話 break into… 闖入,侵占 break…into pieces 打碎 break off 折斷,突然中斷;脫落;斷絕;解除 break…open 撬開(kāi) break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；叫嚷；使做準(zhǔn)備，取出，倒空 break

33、 through… 突破 break up 開(kāi)墾,破碎,解散,分解 break with sb. 與某人斷交 break sb.’s heart 使某人心碎 ③ Plastics and other similar rubbish that doesn’t ____ may be thrown into the sea anywhere. A. break down B. break away C. break off D. break through A 根據(jù)短語(yǔ)的意思以及句

34、中的意思“那些不易分解 / 打碎的垃圾”可知break down 為最佳答案。 7、refer to 提到；涉及；描述；參考；歸功于 to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。refer過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式是referred, referred; referring。 ①When I said someone was not so clever, I didnt refer to_you. 我說(shuō)某人不夠聰明，我不是指你。 ②I would like to comment on the aspect referred_to in your article.

35、 我想就你文章中提到的那個(gè)方面作一評(píng)論。 ③Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability. 一些人把所有的問(wèn)題歸因于運(yùn)氣不好而不是能力不足。 ④He never refers_himself_to_us when he has difficulties. 他有困難時(shí)從不求助于我們。 ⑤Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it. A. direct to B. stick

36、to C. lead to D. refer to B “決定一旦做出，我們所有人都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持。”direct to“把(注意力、精力)貫注在……上”；stick to“堅(jiān)持、忠于”；lead to“通向、導(dǎo)致”；refer to“指；涉及；查閱；針對(duì)；提交……作處理/決定；(把……)歸因/歸功于……；向……求助”。根據(jù)句意，選B。 ⑥The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes. A. bringing up B. r

37、eferring to C. looking for D. trying on B 句意：總統(tǒng)沒(méi)有看稿在商業(yè)會(huì)上演講近一個(gè)小時(shí)。句中的refer to是“參考”的意思。 8、under the umbrella of 在……的保護(hù)下；在……的管理下 ① The action was taken under the umbrella of the government. 這個(gè)行動(dòng)是在政府的保護(hù)下進(jìn)行的。 under 表示“處于……狀態(tài)” under way 在進(jìn)行中 under

38、 construction 在建設(shè)中 under repair 在維修中 under control 在控制中 ②____ the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between A 介詞的固定搭配，意為“在短暫的沉默中”。

39、 1、The UN is an international group made up of countries that want to increase peace, and I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是一個(gè)國(guó)際組織，由所有愿意促進(jìn)和平的國(guó)家組成，我很高興入選聯(lián)合國(guó)的一名親善大使。 此句是一個(gè)由and連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)分句的主句是the UN is an international group, made up of count

40、ries…是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的international group; that want to increase peace是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾countries。 I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them是第二個(gè)分句。to have been chosen為不定式的完成式的被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且不定式所表示的動(dòng)作又先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式就要用完成體的被動(dòng)式。 ①The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_i

41、nto many languages. 據(jù)說(shuō)這本書被譯成很多種語(yǔ)言。 ②He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year. 他因不到一年就丟了4部自行車而感到很傷心。 ③ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C

42、. had said to buy D. has said to have bought B 句意：據(jù)說(shuō)列奧納多達(dá)芬奇將關(guān)在籠子里的鳥(niǎo)買下來(lái)，將鳥(niǎo)釋放從而獲得樂(lè)趣。不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 2、Watch any TV report on places where there is a war, and you will see soldiers wearing blue berets. 在發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方看電視報(bào)道，你會(huì)看到戴藍(lán)色貝雷帽的士兵。 這是一個(gè)“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”的句型；這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，前面的“祈使句”相當(dāng)于

43、if 引導(dǎo)的條件句，表示“要是……，(就會(huì))……”，表示該條件一旦實(shí)現(xiàn)，必須出現(xiàn)某一結(jié)果。 ①Think hard and/ then/ and then you’ll have a good idea. ＝If you think hard, you’ll have a good idea. 好好想想，你就會(huì)有好主意的。 (1)如果表示“該條件實(shí)現(xiàn)不了，會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他結(jié)果”時(shí)，則用“祈使句＋or/ otherwise ＋陳述句”。 ②Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise youll be late again. ＝ Unless you hurry up/If

44、you dont hurry up, you will be late again. 快點(diǎn)！否則你會(huì)再次遲到的。 (2)“名詞＋and＋陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞等于狀語(yǔ)從句，表示條件或時(shí)間。 ③A word, and he would lose his temper. 說(shuō)一句，他就會(huì)發(fā)脾氣的。 ④ ____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched B. To sear

45、ch C. Searching D. Search D 句意：在你們市消防部門的網(wǎng)站上搜索，你就會(huì)學(xué)到很多消防知識(shí)。根據(jù)and連接兩個(gè)并列分句可知，and前面應(yīng)該為一個(gè)祈使句，用動(dòng)詞原形。 ⑤ ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour B 此題是“名詞＋and＋陳述句”句式，One more hour相當(dāng)于If you give me one

46、 more hour。 3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse. 看起來(lái)這些人好像只需要說(shuō)話，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的工作不只局限為一名護(hù)士。 seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看來(lái)”等，可作不及物動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞。seem句型歸納如下： (1) seem可與形容詞、名詞、不定式(短語(yǔ))、分詞及介詞短語(yǔ)搭配。 ①She seems quite happy today. 今天她似乎很

47、高興。 ②That seems a good idea. 那似乎是個(gè)好主意。 ③He seems_to_be_thinking_about something. 他似乎正在考慮某事。 ④He seemed_pleased at what I said. 聽(tīng)了我的話，他似乎很高興。 ⑤They seemed in high spirits. 他們似乎情緒高漲。 (2) seem常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，即It seems / seemed that… 表示“看來(lái)……，似乎……”。 ⑥It seems that nobody knew what had happened.

48、 似乎沒(méi)人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 (3) seem常用于由as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句中。在as if / though引起的從句中，如果說(shuō)的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；如果所述的情況實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，則從句的謂語(yǔ)常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 ⑦It seems as if somebody is calling you. 好像有人在叫你。(陳述語(yǔ)氣) ⑧It seems as though he were very stupid. 看來(lái)他似乎很笨。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) (4) 用于There seems / seemed ＋ to be ＋ n．(主語(yǔ))中。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，se

49、em表示“似乎有；看來(lái)有”。 ⑨There_seems_to_be a lot of things to do. ＝It seems as if there were a lot of things to do. 似乎有很多事情要做。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為“There seems / seemed to be ＋ no ＋ n．”或“There doesnt / didnt seem to be ＋ n．”。 ⑩There doesnt seem to have been any difficulty on this question. 在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上似乎沒(méi)出現(xiàn)什么困難。

50、 ? ____ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into colleges or universities. A. There B. It C. What D. That A 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。此句將其簡(jiǎn)化之后，就顯現(xiàn)出there be句型。在it seems to be 句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，而此句中沒(méi)有做真正主語(yǔ)的成分。句意：在中國(guó)高中學(xué)生錄取上大學(xué)似乎有很大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 - 14 - 用心 愛(ài)心 專心