基于單片機(jī)的智能調(diào)光燈設(shè)計(jì),基于,單片機(jī),智能,調(diào)光,設(shè)計(jì) 英 文 翻 譯 系 別 自動(dòng)化系 專 業(yè) 自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 191003 學(xué)生姓名 屈曉東 學(xué) 號(hào) 103643 指導(dǎo)教師 李雪霞 畢業(yè)時(shí)間 2014.06 單片機(jī)智能調(diào)光燈 單片機(jī)是一種集成電路芯片，是采用超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)把具有數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的中央處理器CPU、隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器RAM、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、多種I/O口和中斷系統(tǒng)、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器等功能（可能還包括顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、脈寬調(diào)制電路、模擬多路轉(zhuǎn)換器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器等電路）集成到一塊硅片上構(gòu)成的一個(gè)小而完善的微型計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用。從上世紀(jì)80年代，由當(dāng)時(shí)的4位、8位單片機(jī)，發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的300M的高速單片機(jī)。 單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)簡(jiǎn)稱單片機(jī)，是典型的嵌入式微控制器（Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的縮寫MCU表示單片機(jī)，單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器，它不是完成某一個(gè)邏輯功能的芯片，而是把一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)芯片上。單片機(jī)由運(yùn)算器、控制器、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入輸出設(shè)備構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)微型的計(jì)算機(jī)（最小系統(tǒng)），和計(jì)算機(jī)相比，單片機(jī)缺少了外圍設(shè)備等。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。主流單片機(jī)包括CPU、4KB容量的ROM、128 B容量的RAM、 2個(gè)16位定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器、4個(gè)8位并行口、全雙工串口行口、ADC/DAC、SPI、I2C、ISP、IAP。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用方便，實(shí)現(xiàn)模塊化；單片機(jī)可靠性高，可工作到10^6 ~10^7小時(shí)無(wú)故障；處理功能強(qiáng)，速度快。低電壓，低功耗，便于生產(chǎn)便攜式產(chǎn)品。控制功能強(qiáng)。環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)。 現(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件有電子器件的產(chǎn)品中都會(huì)集成有單片機(jī)。手機(jī)、電話、計(jì)算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及鼠標(biāo)等電子產(chǎn)品中都含有單片機(jī)。 汽車上一般配備40多片單片機(jī)，復(fù)雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百片單片機(jī)在同時(shí)工作！單片機(jī)的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)PC機(jī)和其他計(jì)算機(jī)的總和。單片機(jī)作為計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要分支領(lǐng)域，根據(jù)發(fā)展情況，從不同角度，單片機(jī)大致可以分為通用型/專用型、總線型/非總線型及工控型/家電型。通用型與專用型:這是按單片機(jī)適用范圍來(lái)區(qū)分的。線型單片機(jī)：這是按單片機(jī)是否提供并行總線來(lái)區(qū)分的?？偩€型單片機(jī)普遍設(shè)置有并行地址總線、 數(shù)據(jù)總線、控制總線，這些引腳用以擴(kuò)展并行外圍器件都可通過(guò)串行口與單片機(jī)連接，另外，許多單片機(jī)已把所需要的外圍器件及外設(shè)接口集成一片內(nèi)，因此在許多情況下可以不要并行擴(kuò)展總線，大大減省封裝成本和芯片體積，這類單片機(jī)稱為非總線型單片機(jī)。控制型：這是按照單片機(jī)大致應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行區(qū)分的。一般而言，工控型尋址范圍大，運(yùn)算能力強(qiáng)；用于家電的單片機(jī)多為專用型，通常是小封裝、低價(jià)格，外圍器件和外設(shè)接口集成度高。 顯然，上述分類并不是惟一的和嚴(yán)格的。例如，80C51類單片機(jī)既是通用型又是總線型，還可以作工控用。 在家用電器領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，現(xiàn)在在家用電器的更新、市場(chǎng)開拓等方面，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，比如電子玩具或者高級(jí)的電視游戲機(jī)中，會(huì)應(yīng)用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)其控制功能;而洗衣機(jī)可以利用單片機(jī)識(shí)別衣服的種類與臟污程度，從而自動(dòng)選擇洗滌強(qiáng)度與洗滌時(shí)間;在冰箱冷柜中采用單片機(jī)控制可以識(shí)別食物的種類與保鮮程度，實(shí)現(xiàn)冷藏溫度與冷藏時(shí)間的自動(dòng)選擇;微波爐也可以通過(guò)單片機(jī)識(shí)別食物種類從而自動(dòng)確定加熱溫度與加熱時(shí)間等等，這些家用電器在應(yīng)用單片機(jī)技術(shù)后，無(wú)論是性能還是功能，與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)相比均有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。在醫(yī)用設(shè)備領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療條件越來(lái)越發(fā)達(dá)，人們對(duì)醫(yī)療滅菌消毒技術(shù)也越來(lái)越重視，但是一些偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的小醫(yī)院、小診所其消毒滅菌設(shè)備還十分簡(jiǎn)陋，無(wú)法有效的控制消毒質(zhì)量。隨著單片機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，其體積較小、功能強(qiáng)大、具有靈活的擴(kuò)展性、應(yīng)用方便的特點(diǎn)也越來(lái)越突出，因此在醫(yī)用呼吸機(jī)、分析儀與監(jiān)護(hù)儀、超聲診斷設(shè)備、病床呼叫系統(tǒng)等設(shè)備中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，其實(shí)最早的單片機(jī)正是從工業(yè)領(lǐng)域開始興起的，至今其在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用仍然十分廣泛，利用單片機(jī)技術(shù)構(gòu)成多種多樣的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)與智能控制系統(tǒng)，比如工廠流水線的智能化管理、智能化電梯、報(bào)警系統(tǒng)等等，均是通過(guò)單片機(jī)技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)構(gòu)成二級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)。在儀器儀表領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，上文中也談到單片機(jī)具備集成度高、體積小、較強(qiáng)的控制功能與擴(kuò)展的靈活性等特點(diǎn)，并且處理速度快，具有較高的可靠性，所以在智能儀器儀表領(lǐng)域其應(yīng)用也十分廣泛。從某種程度而言，單片機(jī)帶動(dòng)了傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量、控制儀器儀表技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)革命，通過(guò)單片機(jī)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了儀器儀表技術(shù)的數(shù)字化、智能化、綜合化以及多功能化，與傳統(tǒng)的電子電路或者數(shù)字電路相比，其功能更強(qiáng)大，綜合性更突出。 調(diào)光器，英文叫dimmer，改變照明裝置中光源的光通量、調(diào)節(jié)照度水平的一種電氣裝置。調(diào)光器的目的是調(diào)整燈光不同的亮度。通過(guò)減少或增加RMS電壓促使平均功率的燈光產(chǎn)生的不同強(qiáng)度的光輸出。雖然可變電壓設(shè)備可用于各種目的，但是這種調(diào)控旨在控制照明。 LED調(diào)光器的原理有三種：波寬控制調(diào)光（Pulse Width Modulation，簡(jiǎn)稱PWM）， 將電源方波數(shù)位化，并控制方波的占空比，從而達(dá)到控制電流的目的。恒流電源調(diào)控，用模擬線性技術(shù)可以輕易調(diào)整電流的大小。分組調(diào)控 將多顆LED分組，用簡(jiǎn)單的分組器調(diào)控。上述1.2.兩種方法是可以用可調(diào)電阻旋鈕做無(wú)段控制。由于PWM模塊技術(shù)化的成熟，成本降低。很難從價(jià)格方面判定是使用何種方式的控流。然而可調(diào)電阻本身并不是一個(gè)很可靠的元器件。往往因?yàn)榛覊m的進(jìn)入或者制造流程的不嚴(yán)緊，在操作可調(diào)電阻時(shí)會(huì)有瞬間跳空的故障，那么光源就會(huì)閃動(dòng)。這種閃動(dòng)在用PWM方式情況比較不明顯，在用線性技術(shù)調(diào)控電流的情況較明顯。不論何種方式調(diào)控電流，都是可以改成觸動(dòng)式按鍵開關(guān)（Tact Switch）或獨(dú)立分組開關(guān)（例如分組器、遙控器）來(lái)控制燈光。這樣的質(zhì)量比較可靠，使用壽命要長(zhǎng)很多。實(shí)在有必要用可調(diào)電阻做細(xì)膩的燈光調(diào)控，建議用高質(zhì)量的可調(diào)電阻（通常要幾元到10幾元）。 其實(shí)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)回過(guò)來(lái)想一想我們要調(diào)光的主要目的應(yīng)當(dāng)是什么。前面所有提到的調(diào)光目的都是為了滿足居家的人們?cè)诓煌瑘?chǎng)合下需要不同的光強(qiáng)。例如看電視的時(shí)候可能要暗一些，看書的時(shí)候可能要亮一些。這些大多是在住宅里。很少有辦公室、商場(chǎng)、工廠、學(xué)校安裝調(diào)光燈的。而且這些地方絕大多數(shù)安裝的是熒光燈、節(jié)能燈，也不可能進(jìn)行調(diào)光或者很難實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)調(diào)光。自從人類意識(shí)到一定要千方百計(jì)節(jié)能減排，才能解決大氣變暖的迫切問(wèn)題后，如何減少照明用電就作為一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題提到日程上來(lái)。因?yàn)檎彰饔秒娬伎偰芎牡?0%.幸好出現(xiàn)了高效節(jié)能的LED，LED本身比白熾燈節(jié)能5倍以上，比熒光燈、節(jié)能燈也要節(jié)能一倍左右，還不像熒光燈、節(jié)能燈那樣含汞。如果還能夠利用調(diào)光來(lái)節(jié)能，那么也是非常重要的節(jié)能手段。但過(guò)去所有光源都很不容易實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)光，而容易調(diào)光正是LED的一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樵诤芏鄨?chǎng)合其實(shí)不需要開燈或者至少不需要那么亮，可是燈卻開得很亮，例如半夜到黎明時(shí)段的路燈;地鐵車廂從地下開到郊區(qū)地面時(shí)車廂里的照明燈;更常見(jiàn)的是在陽(yáng)光明媚時(shí)靠近窗口的辦公室、學(xué)校、工廠等的熒光燈都還開在那里。這些地方每天不知道要浪費(fèi)多少電能!過(guò)去因?yàn)楦邏衡c燈、熒光燈、吸頂燈、節(jié)能燈根本無(wú)法調(diào)光，也只能算了?，F(xiàn)在改用LED以后，可以自如調(diào)光了，這些電能完全可以節(jié)省下來(lái)。所以對(duì)于燈具調(diào)光來(lái)說(shuō)，家庭壁上調(diào)光不是主要的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合，市場(chǎng)也很小。反而是路燈、辦公室、商場(chǎng)、學(xué)校、工廠的按需調(diào)光才是更重要的場(chǎng)合，不但市場(chǎng)巨大，而且節(jié)能可觀。這些場(chǎng)合需要的不是手動(dòng)調(diào)光而是自動(dòng)調(diào)光、智能調(diào)光。路燈的調(diào)光：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，路燈到半夜以后就沒(méi)有什么用處了，所以通常的做法是12點(diǎn)以后關(guān)燈或者開一半亮度。但是最合理的做法是根據(jù)交通流量來(lái)控制路燈的亮度，甚至是完全自適應(yīng)地控制亮度。而為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這種智能調(diào)光，實(shí)際上也是十分簡(jiǎn)單的。只要把這個(gè)地區(qū)的交通流量統(tǒng)計(jì)值的曲線輸入到一個(gè)單片機(jī)，根據(jù)這個(gè)曲線給出PWM的調(diào)光信號(hào)到恒流驅(qū)動(dòng)源就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。光敏自動(dòng)調(diào)光LED燈：為了減小在強(qiáng)日光下不必要的照明，可以采用光敏自動(dòng)調(diào)光LED日光燈(或任何其他LED燈具)。光敏元件的作用是感受周圍的日光，如果日光越強(qiáng)那么就輸出一個(gè)PWM信號(hào)到所有靠近日光的LED燈具(例如LED日光燈)，把它們的亮度調(diào)暗。一個(gè)調(diào)光信號(hào)發(fā)生器可以調(diào)節(jié)很多LED燈具，只要這些燈具的恒流驅(qū)動(dòng)源帶有PWM調(diào)光控制接口。這種調(diào)光系統(tǒng)本身的效率高達(dá)92%以上。而且不存在任何和墻上可控硅調(diào)光線路的兼容性問(wèn)題。這種全自動(dòng)的自適應(yīng)節(jié)能調(diào)光是任何熒光燈、節(jié)能燈、高壓鈉燈等氣體放電管根本無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的，而卻是LED燈具最擅長(zhǎng)的。 現(xiàn)今的LED產(chǎn)業(yè)中，我最看好的暫時(shí)是LED調(diào)光技術(shù)還有LED驅(qū)動(dòng)電源。LED驅(qū)動(dòng)電源主要面向方面在LED路燈電源。而這次我們主要來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)LED調(diào)光技術(shù)。目前，LED調(diào)光技術(shù)主要有以下幾種：可控硅調(diào)光，這種發(fā)展于白熾燈的調(diào)光技術(shù)，因白熾燈為純阻性負(fù)載，利用可控硅的斬波技術(shù)，能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)光，但是對(duì)LED并不實(shí)用，從目前來(lái)看兼容可控硅的調(diào)光電源，通常效率都很低，80%都很難達(dá)到，這有違LED節(jié)能的初衷，其次，很難做到高功率因素，再次，只能工作在單一的輸入電壓下，這種調(diào)光技術(shù)必將因白熾燈的消亡而消亡，但因市場(chǎng)普及率高，還將存在一段時(shí)間。線性調(diào)光：利用恒流芯片的專用調(diào)光腳，調(diào)整LED的電流，達(dá)到調(diào)光的目的，此種技術(shù)效果不錯(cuò)，但是接線復(fù)雜，不利于日光燈路燈等照明，臺(tái)燈很多采用此方法。PWM調(diào)光：該方法與線性調(diào)光類似，與線性調(diào)光一起占據(jù)了調(diào)光臺(tái)燈的大部分江山。這個(gè)PWM調(diào)光用戶和客戶也很受樂(lè)。遙控調(diào)光：分紅外遙控與無(wú)線遙控兩種，實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)比較復(fù)雜，但可以達(dá)到改變色溫，顏色等其它調(diào)光方式無(wú)法達(dá)的效果，目前主要用于面板燈調(diào)光，也有部份球泡燈采用些種調(diào)光方式。分段調(diào)光：此種調(diào)光方式利用在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)開關(guān)墻壁上的開關(guān)來(lái)達(dá)到調(diào)光的目的，該方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是無(wú)需額外的調(diào)光元件，按現(xiàn)有的安裝方式，每盞燈均可實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)光，另個(gè)，由于該調(diào)光完全由電源開關(guān)芯片內(nèi)部控制，全電壓范圍內(nèi)，不管工作在何種亮度下，均可實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率與高功率因素，缺點(diǎn)是只能按預(yù)先設(shè)定的亮度循環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)，不能實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)光，還有就是，目前此類IC種類很少，并且電流調(diào)整率方面不盡如人意，不過(guò)我想隨著技術(shù)的成熟，IC廠家一定會(huì)更家完善的，個(gè)人覺(jué)得，此種調(diào)光技術(shù)，將成為以后調(diào)光技術(shù)的主流。 在實(shí)際的應(yīng)用中，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，發(fā)現(xiàn)LED燈在周邊亮度大時(shí)依然以同一功率發(fā)光，存在電能浪費(fèi)；在周邊亮度小時(shí)LED燈不能提供足夠和恰當(dāng)?shù)墓舛?。用?lái)改善我們的生活質(zhì)量，體驗(yàn)到科學(xué)技術(shù)帶給我們更方便的生活，節(jié)省電能。因此，研究實(shí)用調(diào)光燈的應(yīng)用，有著非常現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義，具有很大的實(shí)用價(jià)值。 10 SCM INTELLIGENT DIMMING LIGHTS SCM is an integrated circuit chip, VLSI technology is the use of the central processor CPU with data processing capabilities, random access memory RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I / O port and interrupt system, timers / counters, etc. function (which may also include a display driving circuit, the pulse width modulation circuit, an analog multiplexer, A / D converter circuit, etc.) are integrated into a small improvement on a microcomputer system consisting of silicon, widely used in the field of industrial control application. From the 1980s by the then 4, 8-bit microcontroller, to today's high-speed microcontroller 300M. Referred to the microcontroller chip microcomputer , is typical of embedded microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used abbreviations in alphabetical said MCU MCU , microcontroller , also known as single-chip microcontroller , it is not completed certain logic functions chip , but the a computer system integrated into a single chip. SCM consists of computing, controller , memory, input and output devices , the equivalent of a mini- computer ( minimum system ) , and the computer compared to the lack of a single-chip peripherals . Speaking in general terms : a chip has become a computer. Its small size , light weight , cheap, learning , application and development of facilities provided . At the same time , learning to use a computer microcontroller is the best choice to understand the principle and structure. It was first to be used in industrial control. Mainstream microcontroller including CPU, 4KB capacity of ROM, 128 B -capacity RAM, 2 16-bit timer / counter, four 8-bit parallel port , full duplex serial line port , ADC / DAC, SPI, I2C, ISP, IAP. System is simple, easy to use, modular ; high reliability microcontroller , can work to 10 ^ 6-10 ^ 7 hours without failure ; handling , speed . Low voltage, low power consumption , easy production of portable products. Control functions . Environmental adaptability . Almost every member of the electronic device are integrated product modern microcontroller used in human life . Phone , telephone , calculator , home appliances, electronic toys , handheld computers and other electronic products mouse contain microcontrollers. General automotive microcontroller with more than 40 pieces on complex industrial control systems may even have hundreds of pieces microcontroller while at work ! Far more than the sum of the number of single-chip PC and other computers. SCM as an important branch in the field of computer development , according to the development , from different angles , can be divided into general-purpose microcontroller / private , bus / non- bus- and industrial -type / appliance type . General-purpose and special -type : This is distinguished by the scope of the microcontroller . Linear SCM: This is based on single-chip parallel bus is provided to distinguish . There are generally provided by the microcontroller bus parallel address bus, data bus , control bus , these pins to extend parallel peripheral devices can be connected via the serial port with SCM , In addition, many have already needed microcontroller peripheral device and peripheral interfaces integrated within a piece , so in many cases can not parallel expansion bus , substantially reducing the cost and chip size packaging , such single-chip microcontroller called non- bus . Control : This is the microcontroller is substantially in accordance with distinguishing areas of application . In general , industrial -type addressing range , strong computing power ; mostly used in home appliances special type of microcontroller , which is usually a small package , low price, peripheral devices and peripheral interfaces , high integration . Obviously, the above classification is not the only and strict . For example , 80C51 microcontroller class is both a general-purpose bus , can also be used as industrial use . Application in the field of home appliances, home appliances now updated, marketing and other aspects, microcontroller applications more widely, such as electronic toys or advanced video game, the MCU will use its control function; while washing machines can use SCM identifies the type and degree of soiling of clothes to automatically select the washing time and washing intensity; using micro-controller in the refrigerator freezer can identify the type and extent of food preservation, refrigeration temperature and automatically select the refrigeration time; microwave oven can also microcontroller identify the types of food in order to automatically determine the heating temperature and heating time, etc. These appliances in the application of chip technology, both performance and functionality compared to conventional technology has made great progress. Application in the field of medical equipment, modern and more developed medical conditions, medical sterilization technology people more and more attention, but in some remote areas of the small hospitals, small clinics its sterilization equipment is also very simple, not valid quality control of sterilization.With the development of chip technology, and its volume is small, powerful, flexible scalability, and convenient features are more prominent, so the medical ventilator, analyzers and monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment, hospital beds call system and other equipment has been widely used. In the field of industrial control applications, in fact, the first single-chip is from the beginning of the rise of the industrial sector, has its application in industrial control field is still very widespread, the use of chip technology constitute a wide variety of data acquisition systems and intelligent control systems, such as factory line of intelligent management, intelligent elevators, alarm systems, etc., are constituted by the secondary control system microcontroller technology and computer networking.Applications in the field of instrumentation, also talked about above have highly integrated single-chip, small size, strong control function and expansion flexibility and other characteristics, and processing speed, high reliability, so intelligent instrument instrumentation fields of application are very extensive. To some extent, driven by the traditional SCM measurement, control of a revolution in instrumentation technology, achieved through microcontroller technology instrumentation technology digital, intelligent, comprehensive and multi-functional, with traditional or digital electronic circuits circuit compared to its more powerful, comprehensive and more prominent. Dimmer, the English called dimmer, change the lighting device light flux, adjusting the illumination level of an electrical device. Dimmer different purpose is to adjust the light brightness. RMS voltage by reducing or increasing the average power of the light produced to promote the different intensity of light output. Although the variable voltage device can be used for various purposes, but the regulation is intended to control the illumination. LED dimmer , there are three principles : pulse width control dimming (Pulse Width Modulation, referred to as PWM), the power of digital square wave and control the duty cycle of the square wave , so as to achieve the purpose of the control current. Constant power control, analog linear technology can easily adjust the current size . Regulation of the multiple LED grouping grouping grouping is simple regulation . Above 1.2 . Both methods can be used to make stepless adjustable resistance control knob . Because of the PWM module technology matures, the cost is reduced. From the price is difficult to determine the manner in which the use of flow control . However adjustable resistance itself is not a very reliable components. Often because dust from entering or manufacturing process is not strict, when the operation will be instantly adjustable resistor gapped fault , then the light will flash. This flashing by PWM in less obvious cases , in the case of linear current technical regulation obvious . Either way the current regulation , all touch -button switch can be changed (Tact Switch) or independent grouping switch ( such as grouping , remote control ) to control lighting. Such quality is reliable , much longer service life . It is necessary to use adjustable resistance to do delicate lighting control, recommended high-quality adjustable resistance ( usually a few dollars to a few dollars 10 ) . In fact, we should come back to the main purpose we have to think about what should be dimming . The purpose of all the previous mentioned are dimming at home in order to meet the needs of different people in light intensity in different contexts . For example , when watching television may be darker , reading time may be brighter. These are mostly in the residence. Few offices, shopping malls , factories , schools, install dimmer lights . And the vast majority of these places is installed fluorescent lamps , energy saving lamps , it is impossible or difficult to achieve dimming continuous dimming . Ever since mankind realized that we must do everything possible energy conservation, in order to solve the pressing problems of atmospheric warming , how to reduce electricity for lighting as an important issue on the agenda . Because 20% of the total energy consumption of electricity for lighting . Fortunately, there have been energy-efficient LED, LED energy-efficient than incandescent own more than 5 times higher than the fluorescent lamps, energy- saving lamps have about doubled , also unlike fluorescent lamps , energy saving lamps as mercury . If the dimmer is also possible to use energy , the energy is very important means . But in the past are not easy to achieve all the light dimming, LED and easy dimming is a great advantage . Because in many cases actually does not need bright lights , or at least do not need that , but it was very bright light , such as midnight to dawn period streetlights ; subway cars from the ground floor open to the suburbs in the car lights ; more common is near a sunny window in the office , schools, factories and other fluorescent lamps are still open there. These places have to waste a day I do not know how much power ! Past because of the high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps, ceiling lamps , energy saving lamps can not dimming, only to forget . Now switch to LED in the future , you can freely adjust the light, the energy can be saved . Therefore, the lamp dimming , the dimming is not essential household wall applications , the market is very small. Instead, lights, offices, shopping malls, schools , factories dimming demand is more important occasion , not only a huge market , and saving considerable. These occasions do not need a manual dimming but automatic dimming , intelligent dimming. Dimming lights : Generally , street lights after midnight there is nothing useful , so the usual practice is to turn off the lights after 12:00 or the opening half brightness. But the most reasonable approach is based on the traffic lights to control the brightness , or even fully adaptive control brightness. In order to achieve this intelligent dimming , is actually very simple. As long as the traffic statistics of the curve in this region is input to a microcontroller PWM dimming signal is given to the constant-current drive source based on this curve can be achieved. Photosensitive automatic dimming LED lights : In order to reduce unnecessary lighting and strong sunlight , you can use a photosensitive automatic dimming LED lamp ( or any other LED lamps ) . The role of the photosensitive element is the feeling around the sun , if the sun is stronger then outputs a PWM signal to all near daylight LED lamps ( such as LED fluorescent lamp ) , put their brightness dimmed . A dimming signal generator can adjust many LED lamps, as long as these lamps driving source with constant PWM dimming control interface. This efficient dimming system itself up to more than 92 %. And there are no lines and walls triac dimmer compatibility issues . This adaptive automatic dimming any saving fluorescent lamps, energy saving lamps, high pressure sodium and other gas discharge tube can not be achieved, but it is LED lamps best. Today's LED industry, I am the most promising technology for the time being there are LED dimming LED driver power supply . The main aspect-oriented LED drive power supply in LED lights . And this is to say our main LED dimming technology . Currently , LED dimming technology are the following : SCR dimming, this development in incandescent dimming technology , because incandescent purely resistive load , the use of SCR chopper technology to successfully achieve dimming, but the LED is not practical , the present SCR dimming compatible power efficiency is usually very low, 80% are difficult to achieve , which is contrary to the original intention of LED energy-saving , and secondly, it is difficult to achieve high power factor , again , can only work under a single input voltage , this dimming technology will die out due to the demise of the incandescent lamp , but high market penetration , will exist for some time. Linear Dimming: Dimming constant use dedicated chips , adjust the LED current to achieve dimming purposes, this technology works well, but the wiring complexity , is not conducive to fluorescent lamps and other lighting , table lamps lot using this method . PWM Dimming : This method is similar to the linear dimming , linear dimming together accounted for most of the country dimming lamp. The PWM dimming is also very popular with users and customers happy . Remote control dimmer : wireless remote control outside the remote control and two bonus realize more complicated, but you can achieve change color temperature, color and other dimming effect can not be reached , mainly used for panel light dimming, also part of the bulb using some kind of dimming . Break dimming : using this dimming switch on the inner wall of a predetermined time to achieve the purpose of the dimming switches , the advantage of this method is the need for additional dimming element , according to the existing installation, each lamp were dimming can be achieved , and the other one , because the power switch dimming entirely by internal chip control, the full voltage range , regardless of what kind of work in brightness , can achieve high efficiency and high power factor , the disadvantage is only at a pre- set given brightness cycle regulation , can not achieve stepless dimming , there is currently very little of these IC types , and the current adjustment rate is not satisfactory , but I think as the technology matures , IC manufacturers must be more home perfect , personal feel , this dimming technology , will become part of the mainstream dimming technology . In practical applications, the microcontroller applications more widely found in the surrounding brightness LED lamp large power LED is still the same, there is a waste of energy; hours in the surrounding brightness LED lights do not provide adequate and appropriate luminosity. Used to improve our quality of life, to experience science and technology bring us more convenient life, to