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1、英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（the Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（the Passive Voice）。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：English is spoken by many people. 當(dāng)我們不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或者強(qiáng)調(diào)突出動作的承受者時，常用被動語態(tài)。 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)（2）一般過去時的被動語態(tài)（3）一般將來時的被動語態(tài) （4）一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一

2、樣。被動語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列表如下：句式句式句型結(jié)構(gòu)句型結(jié)構(gòu)例例 句句肯定句肯定句主語主語+ be+過去分詞過去分詞+（by）He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).否定句否定句主語主語+ be not +過去分過去分詞詞+（by）I am not invited to the party (by him).一般疑一般疑問句問句Be +主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+（by）？）？Are your clothes washed by yourself?特殊疑特殊疑問句問句疑問詞疑問詞+ be+主語主語+過過去分詞去分詞+（by）？）

3、？What is this sweater made of?考點(diǎn)二 被動語態(tài)的用法： (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，不用by動作執(zhí)行者短語。如： Such books are written for children. 這些書是為兒童寫的。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，這時應(yīng)用by短語。 The cup was broken by David. 這個杯子被大衛(wèi)打碎了。(3)做客觀說明時,常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型： Its / was said / believed / reported / + that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道 如： Its reported that about three hu

4、ndred people were killed in this earthquake.考點(diǎn)四 使用中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1) 有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)（直接賓語，間接賓語） 常見的接雙賓語的動詞有：give, teach, pay, tell, buy, show, lend ,write, pass等。 通常這種句子可以改為以“人” 當(dāng)主語和以“物”當(dāng)作主語的兩種被動語態(tài)。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him.(以I做主語)A book was given to me by him. (以物book作主語)5. He teaches

5、us English. _(以人當(dāng)主語以人當(dāng)主語)_(以物作主語以物作主語)We are taught English (by him). English is taught to us (by him). （2）英語中有“十大動詞”的說法，即feel, hear, listen to, have, make, let(讓、使) , look at, watch, see, notice，這些詞在主動語態(tài)中，其后的動詞不定式不加to，但在變被動語態(tài)時必須加to。如： I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into th

6、e office building.6. I heard John leave the room. _.John was heard to leave the room. （3）動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。 這類動詞短語有：look after, look at, take care of, put up, take away, go over, pay attention to, cut down , laugh at等。如： They take good care of my child. =My child was taken good care of (by

7、 them). I turned off the radio. =The radio was turned off.7. Sally worked out all the problems. _.8. You cant take the magazines out of the reading room . _.The problems were worked out (by her) The magazines cant be taken out of the reading room （4）有些動詞表被動意義,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。特別主語為物時。 常見的動詞有sell, write, wash等。

8、如： These novels wont sell well. 這些小說不好賣。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 這種布容易洗（5）連系動詞如feel, look, smell, taste, sound等用主動形式表被動。如： The fish tastes good.(6) 不及物動詞happen, take place沒有被動語態(tài)。如： Great changes have taken place in Dongguan in the last few years.( ) 9. The old man was quite weak after the

9、accident, so he_.A. must look after B. must be taken care C. must be looked after D. must take care of ( ) 10. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A. was made for B. was made to C. made for D. makes for( ) 11. This kind of sweater _very soft.A. is felt B. feels C. feel D. is feeling( ) 12. Though he ha

10、d often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by her.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry( ) 13.When_ the accident _?A. was; happened B. has; happened C. was; happening D. did; happen( )14.This kind of recorder _well.A. has been soldB. is soldC. sellsD. will be soldg.

11、want/need/require +動名詞用主動表被動。如： The door is broken, it needs repairing. =The door is broken, it need to be repaired. 門壞了，需要修理。考點(diǎn)五 記住一些常用詞組: 1. 被用來做某事 be used for doing sth. 2. 由制造 be made of /from +(原材料)3. 在某地制造 be made in (a place)4. 裝滿 be full of /be filled with sth.5. 被覆蓋 be covered with6. 據(jù)說 Its said that 7. 被迫做某事 be made to do sth.8. 被聽到作某事 be heard to do sth.9. 被看見作某事 be seen to do10.被某人使用 be used by sb. 備考過程中要熟練掌握四種被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。要注意：1. 要分析主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系，判斷使用主動還是被動語態(tài)；2. 用在句子的時間狀語決定了被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)；3. 注意一些特定動詞所帶賓補(bǔ)中to的回歸；4. 熟記不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞及短語；5. 系動詞用主動形式的系表結(jié)構(gòu)表被動。