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1、Advanced EnglishUnit 1 Book 2 Face to Face with Hurricane CamillePre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextExercisesBackground informationHurricane Betsy HOMERed Cross Hurricane Camille Hurricane Salvation Army Hurricane A tropical storm in which winds attainspeed

2、s greater than 75 miles per hour. The term is often restricted to thosestorms occurring over the North AtlanticOcean. Incipient hurricanes usually formover the tropical N Atlantic Ocean andmature as they drift westward.Hurricanes also occasionally form off The west coast of Mexico and movenortheastw

3、ard from that area. An average of 3.5 tropical storms per yeareventually mature into hurricanes alongthe east coast of North America, usually over the Caribbean Sea or Gulf Of Mexico.BackThe storm lashed Mississippi and Louisiana for two days, Aug. 17-18,in 1969. The death toll was 258.Hurricane Cam

4、illeBackHurricane BetsyThe storm lashed Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana in 1965 form Sept. 7-10, causing the deathof 74 persons.BackSalvation ArmyProtestant denomination and International nonsectarian ChristianOrganization for evangelical andPhilanthropic work. It was founded By William Booth, wi

5、th assistanceof his wife Catherine Booth. Themovement, begun in 1865,was originally known as the East LondonRevival Society, shortly renamedthe Christian Mission, and finallyIn 1878 designed the SalvationArmy. A million form of organization,with uniforms and other distinctive features, was adopted i

6、n theinterest of a more effective“ warfare against evil”. The organization has establishedbranches in more than 75 countriesthroughout the world. Each countryhas its divisions and local corps, with a commander at the head ofall. International headquarters arein London. The army operateshospitals, co

7、mmunity centers andrecreation facilities. Support of the vast undertakings in al parts of the world depends on voluntary contributions and profits from the sale of publications.Salvation ArmyBackRed CrossInternational organization concernedWith the alleviation of human Suffering and the promotion of

8、 publicHealth. The creation of the agencyWas spurred by the publicationOf UN SOUVENIR DE SOLFERINO (1862), an account by Jean Henry Dunant (1878-1910) of the suffering Endured by the wounded at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. BackNew wordslash: a specific verb, meaning to strike with great force, e

9、.g. waves lashed the cliffs.pummel: to beat or hit with repeated blows.HOMENew wordsengineering drawings: diagrams and sketches for machines. coastal communities: people living together in towns, cities, villages, along the coast. HOMENew wordsart work: designs, models, pictures for the various toys

10、.first floor: in U.S., the ground floor; in Europe and Great Britain, the floor above this.HOMENew wordsmain: a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.batten: to fasten canvas over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm.HOMENew

11、wordspower failure: a breakdown in the supply of electricity.generator: a dynamo a small machine for producing electricity.HOMENew wordswired several light bulbs: connected several light bulbs by wire to the generator. When the generator produced electricity these bulbs would light up.Pop: (slang) f

12、ather; also a familiar term of address to any elderly man.HOMENew wordsFrench doors: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from top to bottom and they open in the middle.gun-like reports: loud explosive noises like guns being fired.HOMENew wordsdouse: to put out (a light, fire, generator, etc.)

13、quickly by pouring water over it.windows disintegrated: windows broke up, windows broke into pieces.HOMENew wordskill: to cause (an engine, etc.) to stop ( American English)lap: to move or strike gently with a light, splashing soundHOMENew wordsskim: to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and lig

14、htly.Marooned group: a group of people who helpless and isolated by the storm.HOMENew wordsswash: the space covered with one cut of a scythe; a long strip or track of any kind.dump: to throw down something heavy with a bump.HOMENew wordsmoorings: cables, anchors. buoys, etc, that hold a ship in plac

15、e.spectacular: transferred epithet, meaning impressive to see and strikingly unusual HOMENew wordsbar: a measure in music; the notes between two vertical lines on a music sheetbedroom sanctuary: the bedroom which was a place of refuge and protection.HOMENew wordsa lean-to: noun, a shed or other smal

16、l outbuilding with a slopping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building.festoon: a wreath or garland of flowers, leaves, paper, etc. hanging in a loop or curve.HOMENew wordsNational Guard: in the U.S. the organized militia forces of the individual states, a component of

17、 the Army of the U.S when called into active Federal service.Civil defense: a system of warning devices, fallout shelters, volunteer workers, etc. organized as a defense of the population against enemy actions in time of war.HOMENew wordsCommunications centers: places that provided postal, telegraph

18、 and telephone services.Canteen trucks: trucks distributing food and drink to the refugees. HOMENew wordsMobile homes: homes that can be moved or transported easily from one place to another.the blues: short for blue devils; a depressed, unhappy feeling (American colloquialism) Backall of: every one

19、, every bit of, every piece of. It is used with a plural verb.a good: a general intensive, meaning “at least”, “full”, e.g. we waited a good six hours.Phrases and expressionsHOMEride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage.stay away: keep far away from; dont go near.Phrases and

20、 expressionsHOMEconcerned about: anxious, uneasy, worried aboutmounted to a roar: the sound of the wind gets louder as the forces of the wind increases.Phrases and expressionsHOMEmore or less: to some extent e.g. We hope our explanations will prove more or less helpful.take responsibility for: to co

21、nsider oneself answerable for (of doing) something.Phrases and expressionsHOMEwith outward calm: to appear calm (but to be worried in ones mind).trail away: to grow gradually weaker, dimmer.Phrases and expressionsBackWhile reading activity: TextTextIntroduction to the textEffective Writing Skills Rh

22、etorical Devices Paraphrase Text analysisHOMEFace to Face with Hurricane Camille is a piece of narration. Simply defined, narration is the telling of a story. A good story has a beginning, a middle and an end, even though it may start in the middle of at some other point in the action and move backw

23、ard to the earlier happenings. As the conflict develops, suspense and tension increase until the highest point or the climax of the struggle is reached. After the climax, the story quickly moves to a conclusion, which is sometimes called a denouement.Face to Face with Hurricane Camille describes the

24、 heroic struggle of Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. The story focuses mainly on action but the writer also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story. The hero or the protagonist in the story is John Koshak, Jr., and the antagonist is

25、the hurricane.BackThe first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place and background of the conflict man versus hurricanes. These paras also introduce the characters in the story. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives order and logical movement

26、to the sequence of happenings by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Kashaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane. The writer describes these actions in the order of their actions in the order of their occurrence. This natural time sequence o

27、r chronological order holds the story together.The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. In the last para the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: “We lost practically all our

28、possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.BackParaphrase Were elevated 23.In British English one would probably say “Were 23 feet above sea level.”BackHOMEParaphraseThe place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.

29、The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.BackParaphraseWe can batten down and ride it out.A metaphor, comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damag

30、e.BackParaphraseThe generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out.BackParaphraseEverybody out the back door to the cars!An elliptical sentence showing the tension and urgency of the moment. The

31、full sentence might read: “Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.”BackParaphraseThe electricity systems had been killed by water.The electricity systems in the car (for example the battery for the starter) had been put out by water .BackParaphraseJohn watched the water lap at th

32、e steps, and felt a crushing guilt.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.BackParaphraseGet us through this mess, will you?The capital “Y” in You shows that the wor

33、ds were addressed to God. :will you” is a rough form of request. Here it indicates a request made out of desperation. Oh God, please help us to through this storm safely. BackParaphraseShe carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then

34、 her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.BackParaphraseJanis had just one delayed reaction.Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. (A few nights after the storm, she wrote awoke suddenly at 2 a.m., went outside and began to cry sof

35、tly.BackEffective Writing Skills Using many elliptical and short, simple sentences to achieve certain effect Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sen

36、se of danger and urgency. For examples see text, para 10-18 and 21-26.BackRhetorical Devices1.simile E.g. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.2.metaphor E.g. We can batten down and ride it out. A metaphor, comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm a

37、t sea.3.personification E.g. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.BackHOME Exercises讀寫教程讀寫教程4EX: VI, P. 12 讀寫教程讀寫教程4EX: VII, P. 12 讀寫教程讀寫教程4EX: VIII P. 13 VI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of

38、the italicized words.1. since the water mains might be damaged (para 5)2. sit out the storm with the Koshaks (para 6)a principal pipe, conduit, or a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a disturbing system for line in a disturbing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.water, gas, electricity, etc.t

39、o stay until the end to stay until the end of the stormof the stormBack3. another neighbor came by on his way inland (para 6)4. the French doors in an upstairs room blew in (para 8)to pay a visitto pay a visitburst open by the storm, the two burst open by the storm, the two adjoining doors (of the F

40、rench adjoining doors (of the French doors) flew inwards doors) flew inwards BackVI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words.5. the generator was doused (para 9)6. The electrical system had been killed by water (para 11)to put out (a light, fire, generator, etc) quickl

41、y by pouring water over itto cause (an engine, to cause (an engine, etc.) to stop etc.) to stop BackVI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words.7. it devasted everything in its swash (para 19)8. she carried on alone for a few bars (para 21)the space covered with one th

42、e space covered with one cut of a scythe; a long cut of a scythe; a long strip or track of any kindstrip or track of any kinda measure in music; the a measure in music; the notes between two vertical notes between two vertical lines on a music sheetlines on a music sheetBackVI. Look up the dictionar

43、y and explain the meaning of the italicized words.9. make it a lean-to against the wind (para 25)10. and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all (para 33)A shed or other small outbuilding with a A shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof, the upper end of which rests

44、 sloping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building.against the wall of another building.Members of the construction battalions of the Members of the construction battalions of the Civil English Corps of the United States Navy, Civil English Corps of the United States Na

45、vy, that build harbor facilities, airfields, that build harbor facilities, airfields, etc.Seabeeetc.Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion.Battalion.BackVI. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words.VII. Discriminate

46、the following groups of synonyms:1. demolish, destroy, raze, annihilate Demolish and raze are generally applied to big or substantial things, such as buildings or other edifices. Demolish, unlike raze, is often used figuratively of the reduction of any complex whole to ruins to demolish a theory wit

47、h a few incisive comments.Back Destroy is a general word with few overtones beyond its emphasis on force and thoroughness the cyclone that destroyed dozens of houses in the town. Decay implies gradual, often natural, deterioration from a normal or sound condition his teeth have begun to decay.Back A

48、nnihilate is the most extreme word in this list, and literally means to reduce to nothingness. As more commonly used, however, it denotes a severe degree of damage to a thing or person.2. disintegrate, decay, rot, spoil, molder, decomposeVII. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:Rot refers

49、to the decay of organic, esp. vegetable, mattercaused by bacteria, fungi, etc. rotting apples. Molder suggests a slow, progressive, crumbling decay old buildings molder away.BackSpoil is the common informal word for the decay offoods fish spoils quickly in summer.VII. Discriminate the following grou

50、ps of synonyms: Disintegrate implies the breaking of something into parts or fragments so that the wholeness of the original is destroyed the disintegration of rocks.Back Decompose suggests the breaking up or separation of something into its component elements a decomposing chemical compound. It is

51、also a somewhat euphemistic substitute for rot. VII. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:VIII. Analyze the formation of the following words and list 5-10 examples of each:1.televisionBack television=tele+vision, a combining form “tele-” plus a noun “vision”. For example: telecast, telecomm

52、unication, telecourse, telegram, telegraph, telemeter, telephone, teleplay, telescope, etc.VIII. Analyze the formation of the following words and list 5-10 examples of each: 2. northweatwardBack northwestward=north+west+ward or northwest=ward, “-ward” a suffix meaning in a (specific) direction or co

53、urse. For example: seaward, windward, homeward, eastward, backward, inward, outward, upward, etc. VIII. Analyze the formation of the following words and list 5-10 examples of each:3.motelBack motel=mo(torist)=(ho)tel, a blend or portmanteau word formed by combining parts of other words. For example:

54、 smog sm(oke)+(f)og, smaze sm(oke)+(h)aze, brunch br(eakfast) + (l)unch, galumph gal(lop)+(tri)umph, moped mo(tor)+ped(al) etc.VIII. Analyze the formation of the following words and list 5-10 examples of each:4. bathtubBack bathtub=bath+tub a compound word formed by combining two nouns. For example:

55、 bathrobe, bathhouse, bedroom, roommate, bookcase, headband, housemaid, housekeeper, housefly, lawbook, etc.VIII. Analyze the formation of the following words and list 5-10 examples of each:5. returnees returnees= return+ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix “-ee” designating a person in a specified condition. For example: employee, refugee, divorcee, consignee, examinee, mortagee, nominee, internee, escapee, lessee, etc.The end.The end.