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1、第34課 主謂一致 要點(diǎn)梳理 中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要包括下面三點(diǎn)： 1. 學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)；表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；the姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)；一些以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，如news, maths; 不定代詞名詞，如both of, neither等。 2. 主語(yǔ)后帶有with, except, like等介詞短語(yǔ)。 3. 就近原則。如 there be 句型，either.or., not only.but also.等。 因此，找出句子的真正主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。同時(shí)，要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致，意義一致和就近原則。 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原

2、則 (1)單數(shù)名詞(代詞)、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：He is a tall man. 他是個(gè)高個(gè)子男人。 Some bread is on the table. 一些面包在桌上。 The boys are playing football. 這些男孩們正在踢足球。 (2)當(dāng)and或both.and.連接兩個(gè)或三個(gè)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：A pen and a pencil are useful school things. 鋼筆和鉛筆是的用的文具。 Both Jim and Bill are in the lib

3、rary. 吉姆和比爾都在圖書(shū)館。 (3) 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有由with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as，等短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 如：Mr Hu with a book in his hand comes into the classroom. 胡先生走進(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一本書(shū)。 (4) 不定代詞each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, everyone或thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 如：Everything

4、 is ready. 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。 (5)every., every.and every., each., each.and each.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Each boy and each girl has an apple in their hands. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩手里都有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。 (6)one, every one, each, each one, anyone, neither, eitherof復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Every one of the students is listening to the teacher carefully.

5、每個(gè)學(xué)生都在認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課。 (7)none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。 如：None of us are(is) perfect. 人無(wú)完人。 (8) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors )作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My trousers are new. 我的褲子是新的。 (9)a pair(a set, a kind.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：A set of keys is lying on the floor. 地板上有一串鑰匙。 (

6、10) “ the形容詞(過(guò)去分詞)” 指一類(lèi)人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活著的人)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：The sick have been taken good care of. 病人已經(jīng)被好好地照顧。 (11)不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：To study hard is my job. 努力學(xué)習(xí)是我們的工作。 (12)a lot of(lots of, plenty of, most of, a pile of, piles of)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。 如：A lot of people are swimmin

7、g in the river in summer. 夏天很多人在這條河里游泳。 (13)百分?jǐn)?shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))of名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。 如：More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 我們這個(gè)行星的表面有百分之七十是被水覆蓋的。 One third of the workers in the factory are women. 這個(gè)工廠(chǎng)里三分之一的工人是女工。 注意：population 作為整體時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)指“人口中的一部分”時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 2. 意義一致

8、原則 (1)集體名詞(family, group, crowd, class)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 如表示集體中的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Our class wins the basketball match. 我們班贏了籃球比賽。 Our class are talking about the trip. 我們班同學(xué)正在討論這次郊游。 (2)集體名詞(people, police, cattle)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但clothing, traffic, furniture等無(wú)生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：The

9、 people in the park are talking loudly. 公園里人們正在高 聲討論著。 (3)表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離、度量等的名詞作主語(yǔ)，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們作為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。 (4)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：One and one is two. 一加一等于二。 (5)形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)的名詞(如news；physics, maths等), 或?qū)Ｓ忻~(如the United States, the New Times, the Unit

10、ed Nations 等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：The news makes us excited. 這消息使我們激動(dòng)。 3. 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最鄰近它的名詞、代詞等詞的數(shù)。 (1)there, here 引導(dǎo)的句子 如：There is a book and two pens on the table. 桌上有一本書(shū)和兩只鋼筆。 There are two pens and a book on the table. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一本書(shū)。 (2) or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.連接兩個(gè)名詞或代

11、詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 如：Either Lily or Lucy comes to the party. 要么莉莉，要么露絲來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。 Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China. 不僅吉姆而且他的父母想居住在中國(guó)。 He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。 4. “主謂一致”最基本的原則是：?jiǎn)螖?shù)主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中情況比較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)將同學(xué)們常犯的錯(cuò)誤歸納如下： (1)并列連詞and連接并列主語(yǔ) and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單數(shù)名詞(代詞)或不可數(shù)名詞并列共同作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

12、，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My friend and I are going to the cinema this weekend. 這個(gè)周末我的朋友和我要去看電影。 and 連接兩個(gè)名詞的并列主語(yǔ)，表示同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：The dancer and singer is coming to our city next week. 這個(gè)舞蹈兼歌唱家下周將來(lái)我們城市。 and 連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，當(dāng)bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Whisky and soda is alway

13、s his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加蘇打水是他最喜歡的飲料。 (2)each作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)決定。 如：Each of us has a dictionary. We each have a dictionary. 我們每個(gè)人都有一本字典。 (3)half of, the rest of, most of, all of及“百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)of”等后接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞。 如：Most of the apples were bad. 大部分蘋(píng)果是爛的。 Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 這

14、個(gè)蘋(píng)果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。 (4)people, police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (5)主語(yǔ)后有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如：Jim with his friends goes to the movies every Sunday. 吉姆和他的朋友們每個(gè)星期天去看電影。 (6) “the number of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

15、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！癮 number of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. 野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在減少。 A number of wild animals are in danger. 很多野生動(dòng)物正處于危險(xiǎn)中。 (7)表示度量、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：Ten years is a long time. 十年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 (8)由Here/There開(kāi)頭的句子，其主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如：Here co

16、mes the bus. 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。感悟中考 【例1】(2011 河北) There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there. A. is B. was C. are D. were 解析：people 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則there be 句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)，排除A和B；下文got為過(guò)去式。故選D。D 【例2】(2011黃崗) Which would you like, tea or coffee? Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _ milk. A. is; with B. is; to C

17、. are; with D. are; to 解析：either 意為“兩者之一”，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式； 加牛奶的咖啡的表達(dá)為：coffee with milk。故選A。A 【例3】(2009天津) Diana, together with her friends, _ Chinese in China. A. study B. have studied C. studies D. are studying 解析：together with her friends 表伴隨狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 單復(fù)數(shù)要與Diana保持一致，須用studies.故選C。C 【例4】(2009河南) The zoo

18、keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller. A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become 解析：從句中the number of .作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形 式，故排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)； 又因本句指的是現(xiàn)在的情況。 故選C。C 【例5】(2010安徽) How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are

19、解析：the pair of shoes的中心詞是pair，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)；把twenty dollars看成整體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也 用單數(shù)。故選A。A 【例6】(2009寧夏) The woman behind the girls _ a famous actress. A. is B. are C. have D. has 解析：根據(jù)句意：那個(gè)在女孩們后面的女人是一個(gè)著名 的演員。則排除C和D；the woman是主語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)形式。故選A。 A領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法 . 用適當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞填空 1. Every student got a book. 2. The number of

20、students in the school now rising. 3. A number of boys playing basketball at the moment. 4. There something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, gone to New York. hasisareishas6. The teacher with two students playing sports.7. This pair of trousers made by my aunt last year.8. Five mo

21、nths a long time to wait. 9. Here some books.10. To clean the room your duty. iswasisareis . 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. When I got there, they each (read) a book. 2. Neither of us (like) the storybook. 3. Everyone except me (go) to the cinema yesterday. 4. A football team often (have) eleven players. 5. No

22、one but my parents (know) the truth. were readinglikeswenthasknows 6. Jims family (enjoy) watching TV after supper. 7. What you said (be) quite useful to us. 8. Look! The class (do) morning exercise on the playground. 9. Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hometown. 10. Three glasses of mil

23、k (be) enough for us. enjoyis/wasare doinghasare . 單項(xiàng)選擇 ( )1. There _more cars now in our country. (2011廣西) A. have B. are C. is D. has 解析：考查there be句型。 解題思路：there be表示“有”與have 同意，在句中 的主語(yǔ)是more cars可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選B。B ( )2. The head teacher with his students_ Tuanchengshan Park if it _ tomorrow. (2011黃石)

24、 A. is going to, isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainy C. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain 解析：考查主謂一致和狀語(yǔ)從句。 The head teacher為主語(yǔ)，with后面的不是主語(yǔ)，所以 應(yīng)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)；if后用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)的意思。 故選A。A ( )3. How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.(2011廣安) A. is B. are C. am 解析：考查be動(dòng)詞的用法。 根據(jù)文

25、意，twenty dollars看成一個(gè)整體，表示單數(shù) 概念，故用is。A ( )4. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? Yes, I think so.(2011德陽(yáng)) A. is B. are C. has 解析：考查系動(dòng)詞的用法。 句意“物理比中文難學(xué)多了，你也這樣認(rèn)為嗎？”。 可知Physics在此作為一門(mén)學(xué)科，應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式is， 故選A。A ( )5. _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.(2011烏魯木

26、齊) A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 解析：考查連詞。 Not only，but also “不但而且”； Neither，nor “既 不也不”Both，and“和”；Either，or“或者 或者”，由下文“他們中的一個(gè)必須呆在家里”，可知 “或者露西或者莉莉與你一起去”故選D。D ( )6. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice. (2011四川) A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has

27、 been 解析：考查了近義詞組的辨析及主謂一致。 Each在句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，排除A、B。 has gone to “去了”，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)；has been to“去過(guò)”， 已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。句意為“每個(gè)學(xué)生去過(guò)西湖兩次”。故選D。D ( )7. Which would you like, tea or coffee? Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _milk. (2011黃岡) A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to 解析：考查主謂一致和固定用法。 either表示任何一個(gè)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單

28、數(shù)。 后面一句的意思為“我更喜歡帶有牛奶的咖啡”， coffee with milk意為“帶牛奶的咖啡”。故選A。A ( )8. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _ about science. (2011綿陽(yáng)) A. is B. was C. are D. were 解析：考查主謂一致。 依據(jù)第一句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“is(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))”可推斷出 第二句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故保留A和C項(xiàng)； 由短語(yǔ)“a number of.”的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，故選C。C ( )9. This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I _ good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D. be 解析：考查be動(dòng)詞。 Both.and.意為“兩者都”判斷be動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選C。C ( )10. No one _ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked 解析：考查主謂一致。 主語(yǔ)為No one時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故選B。B完成考點(diǎn)跟蹤訓(xùn)練34