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1、 The Present Perfect Tense 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has + 過去分詞過去分詞1.肯定句肯定句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“havehave（hashas）過去分詞）過去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的注意：該句式中的havehave或或hashas是助動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞，hashas用于第三人用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用havehave。eg. He has gone to school .eg. He has gone to school .They have gone to school.They have

2、gone to school.2.疑問句疑問句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞havehave或或hashas提提到主語之前。到主語之前。 ( (回答用回答用“YesYes，-havehave/ /hashas“NoNo，-haventhavent/ /hasnthasnt” ）3.否定句否定句：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“haventhavent/ /hasnthasnt過去分過去分詞詞”。 eg. Has he gone to school?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.eg. He hasnt gone to s

3、chool.They havent gone to school. 用法一、用法一、 1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）例如例如 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是是“衣服干凈了衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) Has he had his breakfast?

4、 Yes, he has. When did he have his breakfast?He had breakfast at 6:00.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的分類現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的分類 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the te

5、acher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just (謂語動(dòng)詞之前謂語動(dòng)詞之前) （剛（剛剛）剛）, already（已經(jīng)（已經(jīng)(肯定句肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑問（一般疑問(句句末）末） ：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever (疑問句疑問句) twice recently(近來）近來）等狀語連用等狀語連用 1 Tom has already fin

6、ished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet. 2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before. 3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I

7、have alredy done that . Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 1. I _ already _(have) lunch 2. the train_ (arrive) yet? 3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China. 4. The twins _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.have hadHas arrivedhasb

8、eenhaveseensawHave ridden7._ you _(clean) the room?7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that. Yes, we_(do) that. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see) it? When _

9、he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once. Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseenwillwillseeseewill seewill seehavehavecomecome用法二用法二： 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或

10、狀態(tài)，也可以表示示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。A A 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。B B 和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。常與常與for或或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段時(shí)間，一段時(shí)間，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days. She

11、has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注注意：意：(1)since一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間agofor時(shí)間時(shí)間段段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)sin

12、ce + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)for時(shí)間時(shí)間段段 since 2000=for years(3) since+從句從句(常常用一般過去時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)) The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is /has been +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + since 從句從句. 自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 一、用一、用FOR和和SINCE填空。填空。_thr

13、ee hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent seen her _ a long tim

14、e.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5. Its 5 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. sinceforsinceforsinceSince三、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy,

15、 borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。等來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。他入黨五年了。他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five yea

16、rs since he joined the Party電影開始五分鐘了。電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began第一類第一類：動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞 be + adj.die finish open/closefall ill/asleepmarry sb/get married to第二類第二類：動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞 be + 介詞介詞.start/beginleavejoin be deadbe away from

17、 be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to第三類第三類：動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞 另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 buyborrowget/begin to延續(xù)性延續(xù)性v.becomeput oneg.keephavebe延續(xù)性延續(xù)性v.wear His father died 2 years ago. The football match began at 9:00a.m. The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old. My teacher left

18、 Nanjing 3 days ago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.1 beginbe on6 returnbe b

19、ack2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed17end/finishbe over16becomebe12fall asleepbe asleep注意點(diǎn)四：注意點(diǎn)四：have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法1、hav

20、e (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多長時(shí)間）在某地（多長時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如：示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, n

21、ever等連用，例如：等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊

22、好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：中?？傊?，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。have /has been to和和have / has gone to 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別 1 “ Have /has b

23、een to+地名地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回到說話地點(diǎn)， 常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時(shí)間連用。2 “have / has gone to +地名地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回來，人不在說話地點(diǎn)。 巧記巧記： been to been to ，gone togone to 意不同，兩者用法要記清；意不同，兩者用法要記清； have been tohave been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行；地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have gone tohave gone to + 地點(diǎn)，到某地去了。地點(diǎn)，到某地去了。用have /has been to和和have

24、 / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to試一試，用所給詞的正確形式填空1 I （live）here since I was ten years old. 2 I （live）here in 1998.3 - you your breakfast？-Yes，I have. -Wh

25、en you it？- 30 minutes ago.注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾個(gè)特殊方面：（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 have livedlived Have haddid have 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用

26、。一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換eg：I have studied English for three years -I studied English three years ago -It is three years since I studied English注意點(diǎn)一：注意點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去?，F(xiàn)

27、在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時(shí)過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。間狀語連用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 試比較：試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去）調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen

28、years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動(dòng)詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：原形+ed 如：worked, passed 詞尾是e時(shí)，直接加d 如：liked lived若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾 為“元音字母+y”時(shí)，直接加d；如: played stayed

29、 studied cried 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeatenAAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-

30、hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：動(dòng)詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。 有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t

31、-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。sit

32、-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,rin

33、g,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)