《江西省遂川二中高中數(shù)學(xué) 3.4.1對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì)課件 北師大版必修1》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《江西省遂川二中高中數(shù)學(xué) 3.4.1對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì)課件 北師大版必修1(17頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、其中其中a叫做對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù)叫做對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù), N叫做真數(shù)叫做真數(shù). 1.對(duì)數(shù)的定義:對(duì)數(shù)的定義: 如果如果a ( a 0 , a 1 )的的b次冪等于次冪等于N,Nab即即 那么數(shù)那么數(shù)b叫做以叫做以a為底為底N的對(duì)數(shù),的對(duì)數(shù),bNloga記作記作: NabbNalog底數(shù)底數(shù)冪冪真數(shù)真數(shù)指數(shù)指數(shù)對(duì)數(shù)對(duì)數(shù)(3)對(duì)數(shù)恒等式)對(duì)數(shù)恒等式(1)負(fù)數(shù)與零)負(fù)數(shù)與零logaa (2) log 1a01沒有對(duì)數(shù)沒有對(duì)數(shù)NlogaNa填表,并從數(shù)據(jù)中分析等量關(guān)系,猜想對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì). MnMNMNMNMMNanaaaaaaaloglog3logloglog2logloglog1對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì):如果0,1,0,0,
2、aaMN則例1.求下列各式的值(1)log0.41 (2)log2(4725) (3)lg5100 01log14 . 0:解 195722log2log2log4log24log2527225272572 5210lg5210lg51100lg325 32log2;log1log,log,log. 4zyxzxy:zyxaaaaa表示下列各式用例 zyxzyxzyxzyxzyxzxyzxyaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalog31log21log2loglogloglogloglog2loglogloglogloglog1:323232解 2.1lg10lg38lg27lg3;9lg243lg
3、2;18lg7lg37lg214lg1:.5計(jì)算例 01lg1837714lg18lg7lg37lg14lg18lg7lg37lg214lg02lg3lg27lg3lg27lg27lg2lg)23lg(7lg)3lg7(lg272lg18lg7lg37lg214lg1222、解法二解法一 2312lg23lg12lg23lg231023lg10lg32lg3lg2 . 1lg10lg38lg27lg3253lg23lg53lg3lg9lg243lg2221321325解例.科學(xué)家以里氏震級(jí)來度量地震的強(qiáng)度.若設(shè)I為地震時(shí)所散發(fā)出來的相對(duì)能量程度,則里氏震級(jí)r可定義為0.6lg ,rI試比較6.
4、8級(jí)和7.8級(jí)地震的相對(duì)能量程度.解: 設(shè)6.9級(jí)和7.8級(jí)地震的相對(duì)能量程度分別為12,II和由題意得:126.90.6lg,7.80.6lg.II因此1.5211032.II210.6 lglg0.9,II即21lg1.5,II因此,7.8地震的相對(duì)能量程度約為6.8地震的相對(duì)能量程度的32倍.的值求已知例44.1lg.4771.03lg,3010.02lg:61582. 01310. 024771. 0212lg23lg21023lg44. 1lg:212解.,loglog:7xbcxaa求已知例bbcbcacaaaxaaloglog:由對(duì)數(shù)定義可知解法一bbaaaacxacxbcxbcx,logloglog由對(duì)數(shù)定義知即解法二由已知移項(xiàng)可得bbabaaabaacxacacxablogloglogloglog:解法三P87 5,6P88 7課時(shí)小結(jié)通過本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí),大家應(yīng)熟悉對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)的應(yīng)用;并掌握一定的解題技巧,積累一定的解題經(jīng)驗(yàn)。