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1、第 5 5 講短文填空短文填空是中考中一個難度比較大的題型。它所涉及的知識面廣,靈活性高,綜合性也很強。它不僅考查考生在詞匯、語法和習(xí)慣用法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識,還考查考生理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。從表面上看它是考查考生對單詞的辨認能力,而實質(zhì)上它既考查了考生掌握單詞的數(shù)量及準確性,又考查了他們對上下文以及詞義的理解和判斷能力,由此考查考生的知識記憶與再現(xiàn)能力。一、解題步驟1跳跳過空格,通讀短文,了解大意。過空格,通讀短文,了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀短文,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句,善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。在通讀過程中,若能夠想到應(yīng)該填什么
2、的可以先直接填上,但后面要檢查核對。2復(fù)復(fù)讀短文,確定語義,判斷詞形。讀短文,確定語義,判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3三三讀短文,上下參照,驗證答案。讀短文,上下參照,驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考??蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等方面進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。二、解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備扎實的
3、語法基礎(chǔ)、理解文章大意和主旨的能力,牢固掌握英語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配,熟記英語單詞的拼寫。做短文填空時可從以下幾個方面著手:1從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境方面考慮。從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境方面考慮。有的空必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什么單詞。day.例(2012 年廣東)I have had a lot of (73)_ every“I understand that it is important to do my homework”從而可確定填homework/schoolwork/work。解析解析根據(jù)短文可知此處需要填入一個名詞,再根據(jù)下文2從語法方面考慮。從語法方面考慮。短文填空題所涉及的
4、語法內(nèi)容通常包括:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、冠詞、介詞和連詞的選用等。例1(2012 年廣東)The longer the holidays are, the(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.解析根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much ,又根據(jù)上文“Thelonger”可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級的常用句型“the 比較級,the比較級”,表示“越越”。故此處應(yīng)填more。例2(2012 年廣東)I am looking forward to a holiday(79)_ homework so
5、that I can relax and have some timefor my hobbies.解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少定語,故這里應(yīng)填一個介詞,與 homework 一起構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語。又根據(jù)下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應(yīng)填表示“沒有”作業(yè)的without。例3(2012 年廣東)Im upset these days.I have(71)_ problem, .解析名詞前面一般填冠詞或形容詞,句中已有 Im upset,故可確定應(yīng)填一個冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a。解析s
6、uch as 意為“例如”,是固定搭配,故第77 空填as。例(2012 年廣東)I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.3從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。4先先易后難。易后難。在做題過程中遇到個別空格填不出的,可以適當跳過,待全部完成后,再考慮填不出的空格,這樣未知的信息就越來越少。當明確空格的意思后,可以把與表達此意有關(guān)的詞羅列出來,找出最好的和最有把握的詞填進去。5檢檢查錯誤。查錯誤。在填完后,應(yīng)該將短文重新審讀一次,檢查答案是否有不
7、合題意的或有語法錯誤等。(一)2012 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試Nov. 26, 2011, SaturdayCloudyI am upset these days.I have (71)_ problem, and I donot(72)_ how to deal with it.I have had a lot of(73)_ every day since I became aGrade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel (74)_ the nex
8、t day.(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and (76)_ it in on time, sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer
9、 the holidays are, the (78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.What should Ido? I really hope that someone can give (80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.本文是一篇日記
10、,主要寫了一個孩子因為有太多作業(yè)而感到很累、不開心,他希望能夠擁有一個沒有作業(yè)的輕松假期,并希望有人能夠給他一些建議。71.a名 詞 前 面 一 般 填 冠 詞 或 形 容 詞 , 句 中 已 有 “Im upset”,故可確定應(yīng)填一個冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a。72.know根據(jù) 句意 ,此 處應(yīng) 該是 “我不 知道 怎樣 處理”,前面有“I do not”,所以后面應(yīng)填 know。73.homework/schoolwork/work根據(jù)短文可知此處需要74.tired/sleepy feel 是系動詞,后面應(yīng)接形容詞,而根據(jù)上文分析,因為“我”經(jīng)常熬夜完成
11、作業(yè),所以會感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根據(jù)上下文的描述可知,本句應(yīng)意為“雖然我知道做作業(yè)并按時上交作業(yè)很重要,但是有時我還是不想做太多的作業(yè)”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處填although/though。填入一個名詞,再根據(jù)下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”從而可確定填 homework/schoolwork/work。76.hand聯(lián)系上下文可知,本句句意為“按時上交作業(yè)”。hand in 上交,是固定搭配。77.suchsuch as
12、 例如,是固定搭配。78.more 根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much,又根據(jù)上文“The longer” 可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級的常用句型“ the比較級,the比較級”,表示“越越”。故此處應(yīng)填 more。79.without 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少定語,故這里應(yīng)填一個介詞,與 homework 一起構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語。又根據(jù)下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應(yīng)填表示“沒有”作業(yè)的 without。80.me 根據(jù)句意,此處指“給我”,空格前面是 give,故空格處應(yīng)該填賓格 me。(二)2011 年廣東省初
13、中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at theshop (72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wantedvery much were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_for h
14、is birthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry forhimself.He sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell hismother about it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little moneyfor that ¥ 1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home atonce, as he
15、didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the parkand sat on the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without sho
16、es than without feet.” hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled, thinking he was luckier.李明想要一雙很貴的鞋作為生日禮物,但他知道母親并沒有那么多錢,心情沮喪之余,他來到公園,見到一個坐著輪椅的女孩,想到自己沒有鞋子比沒有腳要好得多,于是心情豁然開朗。71.July 根據(jù)第一幅圖下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日,故填 July。72.window 根據(jù)第二幅圖可知李明是站在商店的“櫥窗”前看鞋子,故填 win
17、dow。73.them根據(jù)上文可知李明想要這雙鞋子作為生日禮74.how 根據(jù)題干可知此處應(yīng)填一個疑問詞,構(gòu)成“疑問詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu),再根據(jù)下文可知李明是不知“如何”開口,故填 how。75.anything/everything 根據(jù)句意可知如果能力允許,母親會給李明“任何東西/所有東西”。因為不想讓母親為難,所以李明“決定”暫76.decided時不回家。物,因為鞋子是復(fù)數(shù),故用代詞 them。77.grass/ground由第三幅圖可知李明是坐在了“草地78.pushed/moved 由第四幅圖可知,女孩坐著輪椅,那么她要前進就要用手來“推動”輪椅。79.surprised由第四幅圖中李明的表情可知他發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩80.better 由下文中的 than 可知應(yīng)填比較級。比起沒有雙腿,沒有鞋子自然是“好得多”。上”。沒有雙腿時是“驚訝的”。