《導(dǎo)學(xué)教程高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)通（一）名詞、冠詞、代詞和數(shù)詞課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《導(dǎo)學(xué)教程高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)通（一）名詞、冠詞、代詞和數(shù)詞課件（44頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)通專題一名詞、冠詞、代詞和數(shù)詞一、名詞.名詞的種類.名詞在句子中的作用專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名、地名、人名，團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ).名詞的數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：一般在單數(shù)形式后面加s或es。構(gòu)成方法如下：規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(1)一般情況在詞尾加smapmaps, seaseas, girlgirls, daydays單句填空：There are 14_(class) in my grade.A camel has two_(stomach)(2)以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加esclassclass

2、es, boxboxes, watchwatches, dishdishesclasses stomachs 規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(3)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f或fe為v再加esleafleaves, thiefthieves，knifeknives，loafloaves，wifewivesPeople with different_(belief) disagree on this matter.A lot of_(city) participated in this campaign.加sbeliefbeliefs，chiefchiefs，proofproofs，roofroofs，gu

3、lfgulfs(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加espartyparties，familyfamilies，storystories，citycitiesbeliefs cities 規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(5)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加stoytoys，boyboys，daydays，rayrays，HenryHenrysOur school has just bought two_(piano)(6)以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加esheroheroes，NegroNegroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes不少外來(lái)詞加spi

4、anopianos，photophotos，autoautos，kilokilos，solosolos兩者皆可zerozeros/zeroes，volcanovolcanoes/volcanos(7)以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞加sradioradios，bamboobamboos，zoozoos(8)以th結(jié)尾的名詞加struthtruths，mouthmouths，monthmonths，pathpathspianos 名詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(1)改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式manmen，womanwomen，footf

5、eet，goosegeese，mousemice語(yǔ)法填空：Three_(man) of the team are over 6_(foot) tall.Im very nearsighted without my_(gla ss) on.(2)單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep，deer，series，means，works，fish，speciesmen feet glasses 規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(3)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes，trousers，clothes，thanks，goods，glasses，compasses，contentsHis_(good) were checked in the_

6、(custom)The children are having fun on the _ (sand)(4)一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people，police，cattle，staff(5)部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience，class，family，crowd，couple，group，committee，government，population，crew，team，public，enemy，partygoods customs sands 規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(6)復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs 海關(guān)，forces 軍隊(duì)，times 時(shí)代，spi

7、rits 情緒，drinks 飲料，sands 沙灘，papers 文件，報(bào)紙，manners 禮貌，looks 外表，brains 頭腦、智力，greens 青菜，ruins 廢墟，brains 智力，glasses 眼鏡，woods 樹(shù)林，waters 水域，pains 努力，goods 貨物，arms 武器，matters 事情，exercises 練習(xí)，演習(xí)，體操單句改錯(cuò)：My class is all fond of pop music.The police is looking for the suspect.答案is改為areis改為are規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(7)表示“某國(guó)

8、人”加sAmericans，Australians，Germans，Greeks，Swedes，Europeans單句填空：Im excited to have helped three_(Australia) to tour my hometown.This kind of cookers are attractive to_(housewife)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese以man或woman結(jié)尾的改為men，womenEnglishmen，F(xiàn)renchwomenAustralianshousewives規(guī)則例詞熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背(8)合成名詞

9、將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sonsinlaw，lookerson，passersby，storytellers，boyfriendsThe hospital has employed ten_(man) nurses.Many_(woman) singers are victims of affairs.無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grownups，housewives，stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers，men servantsmenwomen.名詞的所有格名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。

10、前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1s所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her soninlaws photo單句填空：Have you read any of_ (Dickens) novels?復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rightsDickenss 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house_ (Tom) fa

11、mily is from Africa.Bob was called into the_ (teachers) office just now.My hair is too longIll go to the_ (barber)表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一個(gè)詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示“某人家”“店鋪”，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers,

12、the tailors, my unclesToms teachers barbers 2.s所有格的用法(1)表示時(shí)間todays newspaper，five weeks holiday單句填空：We had a three_ (day) meeting last month.The_ (tree) branches were bent down by the heavy snow.(2)表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere，the trees branches(3)表示國(guó)家、城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan，the worlds population，

13、Chinas industry(4)表示工作群體the ships crew，majoritys view，the teams victorydays trees (5)表示度量衡及價(jià)值a miles journey，five dollars worth of applesOnly a small part of the_ (wo rld) population are suffering from hunger now.單句改錯(cuò)：Altogether, about fifty thousand dollar worth of possessions were lost in the big

14、explosion.We live just a stone throw from here.答案dollar改為dollarsstone改為stones(6)與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time，the plays plot(7)某些固定詞組a birds eye view，a stones throw，at ones wits end(不知所措)worlds 3.of所有格的用法(1)用于無(wú)生命的東西the legs of the chair，the cover of the book語(yǔ)法填空：I came across an old book, the cover_wh

15、ich is made of bamboos.(2)用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)the classrooms of the firstyear students(3)用于名詞化的詞the struggle of the oppressedof 二、 冠詞.不定冠詞的用法(1)指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of單句填空：_boy is waiting for you.We study eight hours_day.We are nearly of_age._Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.That boy is rathe

16、r_Lei Feng.(2)第一次提及某人、某物，非特指(3)表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every, one(4)表示“某個(gè)”相當(dāng)于some(5)用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A a an A a (6)用于固定詞組中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time(7)用于quite，many，all，both，half，what，such之后單句填空：We left in such_hurry that we forgot to lock the door.She is as

17、 clever_girl as you can wish to meet.(8)用于so (as，too，how)形容詞之后a a .定冠詞的用法(1)表示某一類人或物the spaceship, the tiger, the taxi單句填空：_horse is a useful animal._moon tonight is_beautiful and dreamy moon.What about_lecture?Oh, its_most inspiring lecture.(2)用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe，the moon，the Pacific Ocean(3

18、)表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Would you mind opening the door？(4)用于樂(lè)器前面play the violin，play the guitar(5)用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the rich，the living，the wounded(6)表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens，the WangsThe The a the a (7)用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前the second, the most simply, the better of the two_wounded were taken good care of in

19、 the local hospital.單句改錯(cuò)：He went to study in United States in 1980s.He is taller of the two children.答案United前面加the；1980s前面加thetaller前面加the(8)用于國(guó)家、黨派等以及江河、湖海、山川、群島的名詞前the United States，the Communist Party of China，the French(9)用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前the compass, the computer, the bulb (10)在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代i

20、n the 1990s(11)用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.The .零冠詞的用法(1)專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名，地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air單句改錯(cuò)：He is afraid of traveling by the air.Is Bob in?Sorry, there is not Bob in my office.The National Day is approaching.Mr. Smith, the chairman of the club will retir

21、e next month.(2)名詞前有this，my，whose，some，no，each，every等限制I want this book, not that one.Whose purse is this？(3)季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring(4)表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.(5)學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.Were living through terrible winte

22、r this year.Most boys are fond of playing the football.Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned a writer.Its suprising that, a girl as she is, she looks stronger than most boys.答案去掉theBob前面加a去掉The去掉第一個(gè)theterrible前面加a去掉the去掉writer前面的a去掉girl前的a(6)與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train，by air，by land(7)以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)h

23、usband and wife, knife and fork, day and night(8)表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前horses, students, players, typewriters(9)在turn(變成)作表語(yǔ)的名詞前，不用冠詞turn soldier, turn teacher, turn nurse(10)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Child as he is, he knows much about the world.有無(wú)定冠詞的區(qū)別by day在白天by the day按天計(jì)算單句填空：The workers are paid by_day.Mary and J

24、enny are my best friends and_three of us all like classical music.in class上課in the class在那個(gè)班by sea乘船by the sea在海邊f(xié)ive of us我們中的五人(部分)the five of us我們中的五人(全部)at table進(jìn)餐at the table在桌子旁the the take place發(fā)生take the place of代替單句改錯(cuò)：His honesty is out of the question, for which, his colleagues all think h

25、ighly of him.Who is the sales department in charge of?答案去掉question前面的thecharge前面加thein front of在前面in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前部go to church去做禮拜go to the church去教堂out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question不可能in office執(zhí)政in the office在辦公室in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，掌管in the charge of由負(fù)責(zé)三、代詞.代詞的種類 (1)人稱代詞主格I，you，he，she，it，we，

26、you，they核心要點(diǎn)賓格me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them(1)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作主語(yǔ)的用主格；作賓語(yǔ)的用賓格。在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中，當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后，多用賓格。(2)形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：形容詞性物主代詞屬于限定詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)名詞，而名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。(2)物主代詞形容詞性(作定語(yǔ))my，your，his，her，its，our，their名詞性(作名詞用)mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs(3)反身代詞myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，o

27、urselves，yourselves，themselves(3)反身代詞出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)境： 當(dāng)作賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)的人稱代詞與主語(yǔ)屬于同一人或物、事，要用反身代詞。常見(jiàn)習(xí)語(yǔ)：beside oneself with欣喜若狂by oneself單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)自的to oneself獨(dú)自享用，不與他人共享be oneself處于正常狀態(tài)； 顯得自然for oneself為自己；代表自己； 獨(dú)自地of itself自動(dòng)地in itself本身；自身(4)指示代詞this，that，these，those(5)疑問(wèn)代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，w

28、hatever等(6)相互代詞each other，one another(7)不定代詞some/any，many/much，few/little/a few/a little單句填空：I like English._too.Have more wine？Not_.May I use your pen？_works better.The door opened_itself.Whats wrong？You dont look_(you) today.the other/another，all/both，either/neither/none(8)關(guān)系代詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)that，which，w

29、ho，whom，whose，as(9)連接代詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，whatever等(10)替代詞one，that，it，ones，thoseMe me Yours of yourself .替代詞的用法itit代替的是前面提到的同一人或物。所代替的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。單句填空：Id like to look at that dictionary. May I borrow_？ The population problem may be the greatest_in the world

30、today.Which jackets are yours?The white_.oneone叫做泛指代詞。代替的是前面提到的名詞類別中的任何一個(gè)，所代替名詞是可數(shù)名詞，其前可帶冠詞與修飾語(yǔ)。如果代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用ones。it one ones thatthat叫做特指代詞。代替前面提到的名詞，不過(guò)這個(gè)名詞常有后置定語(yǔ)限制。代替的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。The weather of this week is worse than_of last week.The computers in your office are more expensive than_in our s

31、chool.thosethose是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，只能指代被定語(yǔ)限制了的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the ones。that those .不定代詞的用法不定代詞基本用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背all與bothall表示三者或三者以上的人或物，both則表示兩個(gè)人或物。二者都表示肯定意義，如果與not連用時(shí)，則表示部分否定。單句改錯(cuò)：Mary and Tom took part in the interview.But not all of them could pass it.Is there any water left?Nothing.答案all改為bothNothing改為None either與n

32、eithereither表肯定意義，意為“(兩者中的每一個(gè))都”；neither表否定意義，意為“(兩者中的每一個(gè))都不”。二者都可單獨(dú)使用，也可與介詞of連用。不定代詞基本用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背no one，none與nothingno one只能指人，不可與介詞of連用，常是對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞who的回答。none既指人又指物，常與介詞of連用，通常指“三者及以上的人或物中沒(méi)有一個(gè)”；在上下文已明確的情況下，也可省略of短語(yǔ)，常是對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞how many或how much的回答。nothing意為“沒(méi)有東西”，常是對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞what的回答。單句填空：You can take_of the two gif

33、ts and leave the other for your sister.Would you like_coffee?No, thanks.Have you_more chair?No, _are taken. eithersomeanyall不定代詞基本用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背some與anysome用于肯定句，以及表示邀請(qǐng)、建議或期待得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中。修飾單數(shù)名詞，意為“某個(gè)”；修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，意為“某些”。any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，表示“一些”。用于肯定句時(shí)，意為“任何都”。Masked Singer is a popular program, but not_of u

34、s are interested in it.Its raining today; lets go camping_day.every oneanother不定代詞基本用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背each與everyeach表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的“每一個(gè)”，在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。every表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，只能作定語(yǔ)?？梢哉f(shuō)each of them，但不能說(shuō)every of them，可以說(shuō)every one of them。與否定詞連用，every表示部分否定。One of my hands was hurt and I had to cook with my_hand

35、.Some students were told to fetch water while_were to plant the trees.otherothers不定代詞基本用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背another，the other，others，the othersanother常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另一個(gè)”，泛指單數(shù)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可后接名詞。其泛指復(fù)數(shù)是others，可單獨(dú)使用，但此時(shí)不能接名詞。the other 表示兩者中的另外一個(gè)?？蓡为?dú)使用，也可后接名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)是表示特指的the others，可單獨(dú)使用，但其后不能接名詞。Shall we go fishing on Satu

36、rday or Sunday?_is OK for me.Either .it的用法分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背人稱代詞it替代剛提到過(guò)的同一事物語(yǔ)法填空：Who is that man over there?_is our headmaster.指動(dòng)物或不考慮性別的嬰兒指代前句或后句所述的情況指時(shí)間、距離、天氣或環(huán)境等It 分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背形式主語(yǔ)it(1)It doesnt matter.單句改錯(cuò)：That doesnt matter whether he has read the book or not.He appears that he doesnt like his prese

37、nt work.There is no wonder he is too tiredhe stayed up all the night.It happened the weather turned too hot.(2)It appears/seems/happens/says that.(3)It is said/reported/believed/understood that.(4)It is a waste of time/money doing sth.(5)(It is) no wonder (that).(6)It makes no/much difference.分類用法熱身

38、訓(xùn)練先練后背形式主語(yǔ)it(7)It takes sb.some time to do sth.As is reported that the Typhoon Soudelor has brought serious damages.答案That改為ItHe改為ItThere改為Itthe前面加thatAs改為It(8)Its ones turn to do sth.(9)If it were not for.(10)It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain.) that.(11)It is important (necessary，strange，n

39、atural.) that.分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背形式主語(yǔ)it(12)It is suggested (ordered.) that.(should) do.單句填空：_is important that we should pay attention to our handwriting.It proves no good_(stay) up too late at night.It usually takes me two hours_(take) a bus to work.It is considerate_you to arrange a welcome party for us.

40、(13)It is time (about time，high time) that.(14)It is the first (second.) time that.(15)It is kind(clever，honest，foolish) of sb. to do sth.(16)It is necessary (important，easy.)for sb. to do sth.(17)It is no good/use/worth doing sth.It staying to take of 分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背形式賓語(yǔ)it動(dòng)詞it賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式(動(dòng)名詞或從句)(能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)

41、詞如下：believe，consider，count，feel，find，imagine，think，make，suppose，take)語(yǔ)法填空：Do you consider_necessary for us to buy a new car?I would appreciate_if you helped me with my homework.At first, I took_for granted that learning English is very easy.動(dòng)詞itwhen (if)從句(能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞如下：enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，ap

42、preciate，prefer)it it it 分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背形式賓語(yǔ)it動(dòng)詞prep.itthat從句(能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)如下：see to，look to，insist on，stick to，depend on，answer for)You can depend on it_hell come to help us.Whatever happens, Ill see to_that my son is growing soundly.We all believe it no use_(build) a new bridge here.動(dòng)詞it介詞短語(yǔ)that從句(能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)

43、的短語(yǔ)如下：take it for granted，bring it to sb.s attention，owe it to sb.)that it building 分類用法熱身訓(xùn)練先練后背強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的itItbe被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that(who)其他When was it_you went abroad?that 四、數(shù)詞倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法倍數(shù)as形容詞(副詞)的原級(jí)as.語(yǔ)法填空：The new computer works twice _(fast) than the previous one.You monthly income is three times_I expected.倍數(shù)形容詞(副

44、詞)的比較級(jí)than.倍數(shù)the size(length，height.) of .倍數(shù)what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句faster what 表示數(shù)量的詞組a number of，quite a few，a good many，scores of，dozens of等后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，但many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。A large amount of money_(be) wasted on the unimportant things.Large quantities of time_(be) devoted to the significant project.quite a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of等后接不可數(shù)名詞，接單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。was were 表示數(shù)量的詞組a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))，也可接不可數(shù)名詞(謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))，但large quantities of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。單句改錯(cuò)：My new apartment is twice as larger as yours.答案larger改為large