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1、1.due to 6. stress 2.addicted 7.quit 3.eventually 8. drugs4.manage 9. alcohol5.cigarettes 10. adolescentsRevisionComplete the passage with the suitable words and phrases in their proper forms. Smoking _, drinking _ or taking other_ produce many harmful effects and have no real benefits. So why do _d

2、o it? Some begin because they believe it makes them look cool. Others think it will help with _. In their life possibly _ pressure from their parents or teachers.cigarettesalcoholdrugsadolescentsstress due to Some just want to see what it is like. What they dont realize is that they will get into th

3、e habit and _ become _. It will then be difficult to _the habit. A few people _to quit easily but for many it is a very painful process. Of course, the best way to deal with these drugs is not to start in the first place.eventuallyaddicted quitmanage The use of “it”Discovering “It”1. It rains heavil

4、y. 2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddads house to James.3. It is November 11, 2005.4. It is 9 oclock at night. 5.Itll be lovely in the garden tonight 6. It is bad to smoke.7. It is likely that he will succeed.天氣天氣距離距離日期日期時(shí)間時(shí)間形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)環(huán)境環(huán)境形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)1. it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù)事物，以避免

5、重復(fù):Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it?2. 也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩未知性別的嬰兒或孩子子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.一、一、it 作人稱代詞作人稱代詞it有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it：指天氣：指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.2. 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間: It was nearly

6、 midnight when she came back.3. 指環(huán)境指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4. 指距離：指距離：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home.二、二、it作非人稱代詞作非人稱代詞 5. 指日期：指日期：-Whats the date today? -Its May 1, 2007.6. 指季節(jié)：指季節(jié)：It is summer now.7. 指度量：指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.8. 指價(jià)值：指價(jià)值：-Whats the cost of

7、 the T-shirt?-It is 150 yuan.替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。三、三、it用作形式主語(yǔ)用作形式主語(yǔ)（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-

8、mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerousIt is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.1. 代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：通常為描述人的形容詞：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless

9、，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy. Its kind of you to help me with the problem.Its no good/use doingIts（well）worth doingIts（well）worth ones while doing/to doIts（well）worth while doing/ to doIts no use crying over spilt milk.(3) It替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見(jiàn)句型替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見(jiàn)句型2. it作形式主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句作形式

10、主語(yǔ)替代主語(yǔ)從句 It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain ) that . 該句型中該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然清楚（顯然, 真的真的）” 是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is adj. +clause It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/

11、known/told/hoped.) that . 該句型中的該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是that 引引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）據(jù)悉）”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do It is + noun +從句從句 It is a pity (a shame

12、 /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 該句型中，該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！It is a pi

13、ty that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！他生病了，真遺憾！ 四、四、it作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ) 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，而用語(yǔ)后面，而用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。 該句型中的該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用的動(dòng)詞有作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 I think it no use arguing with him.我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)有用

14、。我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)有用。 I found it very interesting to studyEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。He made it clear that he was notinterested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門(mén)學(xué)科不感興趣。他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門(mén)學(xué)科不感興趣。五、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中五、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who . It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . I met Tom in the park yesterday.

15、1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.It was five oclock _I got home.It was at five oclock_ I got home.whenthat強(qiáng)調(diào)句用以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓

16、語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)用人時(shí)用that和和who whom皆可）皆可） It was she who that had been wrong是她錯(cuò)了。是她錯(cuò)了。 ( ) It was the girl whom that I met just now我剛才遇見(jiàn)的就是這個(gè)女孩。我剛才遇見(jiàn)的就是這個(gè)女孩。 ( ) It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked老師與其談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆。老師與其談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆。 （ ） It was on Monday night that all this happened所有這一切就是在星期一的晚上發(fā)生的。（所有這一切就

17、是在星期一的晚上發(fā)生的。（ ）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ) “直到直到才才”，可以說(shuō)是，可以說(shuō)是not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。例如式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark g

18、lasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.六、六、It 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1.make it（1）在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于）在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed，表示：成功、，表示：成功、做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá)做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá) 例例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.（2）在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于）在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fi

19、x the date for，表示，表示“約定好時(shí)間約定好時(shí)間”例例 Shall we meet next week？OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來(lái)勸告別人，用來(lái)勸告別人，表示表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，沉住氣不要慌，別擔(dān)心，沉住氣”Take it easy！ He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于于it hasnt been decided yet，

20、表示，表示“那得看情況，那得看情況，還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)” Are you going to the countryside for holiday？It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于its decided by sb. 表示表示“由由決決定，由定，由負(fù)責(zé)，取決于負(fù)責(zé)，取決于”Shall we go out for dinner？Its up to you.Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”.Exercises1.Im still fit enough t

21、o cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely).4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported.It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 k

22、ilometers in an afternoon.It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.5.Bird flu(禽流感禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us.6. Li Yuchun got more than on

23、e million yuan for the advertisement. People say that.7. Some young people think that they look attractive when they smoke. It seems thatIt is known to us that bird flu(禽流感禽流感) hit China again. It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement. It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.1. Revise and master the use of it.2. Pre-view the Reading: HIV/AIDS: Are you at risk?Homework