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1、綜合教程二 Unit2 課后題答案 Active reading（1） Dealing with unfamiliar words 4 Match the words for actions in the box with their definitions. 1 to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur (stroke) 2 to move along the ground on your hands and knees (crawl) 3 to copy someone’s actions, words or beh

2、aviour (imitate) 4 to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them. (pat) Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. (a) My father patted me on the head to show he was pleased with me. (b) Children learn a lot by imitating their par

3、ents. (c) Babies start learning to crawl at about six months old. (d) She was sitting quietly in the corner, stroking the cat. 5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 (distinct) 2 (Infants) 3 (sympathetic) 4

4、(stem from) 5 (trace; discipline) 6 (an overall; distress) 改寫：A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a vague sense of distress. 6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases. 1.a 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.b Acti

5、ve reading 2 3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.c 7.b 8.c 4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 (honorable) 2 (drama) 3 (beam) 4 (catalog) 5 (volume) 6 (knot) 7 (couch) 8 (clip) 9 (mostly) 5 Complete the summary wi

6、th the words in Activity 4. (1)honorable (2)beam (3)mostly (4)catalog (5)clip (6)knot (7)couch (8)volume (9)drama 6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases. 1.b 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.a 8.b 9.b Language in use Complete the sentences with the correct form of the wor

7、ds in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy. 1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate) Correct answer immigrants 2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like "Big Brother". (contest) Correct answer contestants 3. I want to get a job

8、 as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant) Correct answer vacancies 4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult) Correct answer consultancy 5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend) Correct an

9、swer defendant 6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant) Correct answer hesitancy 7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend) Correct answer attendant 8. A normal lasts for about 40 week

10、s. (pregnant) Correct answer pregnancy 9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist) Correct answer assistant Complete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-. 1. What happens if you don't understand someth

11、ing properly? You it. Correct answer misunderstand 2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place? You have it. Correct answer misplaced 3. What is the opposite of good fortune? It is . Correct answer misfortune 4. If you have made an incorrect j

12、udgement of someone's character, what have you done? You have made a . Correct answer misjudgement 5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened? You have been about it. Correct answer misinformed Now rewrite the sentences using by the ti

13、me. Follow the example. Example: I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing. By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people. 1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left. Suggested answer: By the time I arrived at the

14、party, almost everyone had already left. 2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words. Suggested answer: By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words. 3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help. Suggested answer: By the time he

15、 realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help. 4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs. Suggested answer: By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs. 5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave pri

16、mary school. Suggested answer: By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills. 6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed. Suggested answer: By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed. Re

17、write the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example. Example: Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby). Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. 1. I

18、didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me. Suggested answer: The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake. 2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying. Suggested answer: The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fa

19、llen over. 3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone. Suggested answer: Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party. 4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room. Suggested answer: Sylvia closed th

20、e door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise. Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Tit

21、chener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. 這種所謂的運動神經(jīng)模仿就是“同感”的原始技術含義，而“同感”這個詞于20世紀20年代由美國心理學家E.B.鐵欽納首次使用。鐵欽納的理論是：同感發(fā)自對他人痛苦的一種身體模仿，這種模仿繼而在自身引起同樣的心理感受。 2. He sought a word that would be distinc

22、t from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are

23、better able to comfort them. 他當時在尋找一個與同情有所區(qū)別的詞；同情是針對他人的一般困境而發(fā)的，無須分擔他人的任何感受。小孩兩歲半左右就漸漸不再有運動神經(jīng)模仿行為，那時他們會意識到別人的痛苦與自己的不同，會更有能力安慰別人。 3. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their "normal faces". If they do

24、 the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them. 我也喜歡生人臉上那瞬間的震驚表情、匆忙的微笑和他們竭力裝出的“正常臉色”。如果他們這套儀式做得夠好，我就會微微轉(zhuǎn)過頭，把頭發(fā)掖到離他們較近的那只耳朵后面。 4. "I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that's n

25、ot the only reason I was staring at your lips," I told him. He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the "dance floor", and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. And read his lips I did.

26、 我告訴他說：“我基本上只讀唇語，因為這比用手語更容易，但這不是我一直盯著你的嘴唇的唯一原因?！彼笮ζ饋?。我們又說了一會兒話。后來，主人放大音樂的音量，調(diào)暗“舞池”的燈光；我不得不湊近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接著讀他的唇語。我的確讀到了他的唇語。 Translate the sentences into English. 1. 一看見抽屜里的那些老照片，我的眼淚就涌了出來。它們讓我想起了我跟爺爺奶奶、爸爸媽媽、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好時光。(the moment; well up) Suggested answer: The moment I saw tho

27、se old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters. 2. 有個學生踩到地上的一灘水滑倒了。周圍的人反應各異，有的關心地走上前去看他是否受傷了、能為他做點什么；有的則站在一邊不知所措；有的干脆就不理。(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out)

28、Suggested answer: When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people's reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out. 3. 上星期六上午，我像往常一樣去超市購

29、物。我剛要打開車門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒帶錢包。我只好回家去找，可是哪兒也找不到。(do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do) Suggested answer: Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home

30、 in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere. 4. 我上小學二年級的時候，我們班有個同學得到的生日禮物是一輛紅色的遙控車。我們大家只有羨慕的份，卻不能也去買一輛，因為那種遙控車很貴，而且還是在香港買的，那時候在我們看來香港和紐約一樣遙不可及。(could only; as far as) Suggested answer: When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift. T

31、he rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time. 課文翻譯： Active reading (1) 同感是怎樣表露的 霍普才九個月大，一見到另一個嬰兒摔倒，淚水就涌了出來。她爬到媽媽身邊尋求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15 個月大的邁克爾去把自己的玩具熊拿來給正在大哭的朋友保羅；

32、保羅不停地大哭的時候，邁克爾替保羅撿回他的安樂毯。這些小小的表示同情和關愛的舉動被接受記錄同感行為訓練的母親們觀察到了。這項研究的結(jié)果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的嬰兒期。實際上，從他們出生的那天起，嬰兒們在聽到其他嬰兒哭鬧的時候就會覺到不安——有些人認為這種反應是同感的最初先兆。成長心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，甚至在充分意識到自己是獨立于其他人而存在之前，嬰兒們就感受到了同情的痛苦。甚至在出生后幾個月，嬰兒就會對周圍人的煩躁不安做出反應，就好像他們自己的煩躁不安一樣，看到別的孩子哭也跟著哭。到了一歲左右，他們開始意識到痛苦不是他們的，而是別人的，可是他們對這樣的事情似乎還是感到不知所措。例如，在紐約大學的

33、馬丁·L· 霍夫曼所做的一項研究中，一個一歲的孩子把自己的媽媽拉來安慰哭鬧的朋友，卻忽視了同在一室的朋友的媽媽。這樣的困惑在其他一歲大的孩子身上也能看到，他們模仿別的孩子的痛苦，也許是為了更好地理解他們的感受。例如，如果別的嬰兒傷了手指，一個一歲大的孩子就會把自己手指放進嘴里，看看自己是否也感覺到痛?？吹阶约旱膵寢尶?，嬰兒即使沒有眼淚，也會擦拭自己的眼睛。這種所謂的運動神經(jīng)模仿就是“同感”這個詞于20 世紀20 年代由美國心理學家E·B· 鐵欽納首次使用時的原始技術含義。鐵欽納的理論是：同感萌發(fā)自對他人痛苦的一種身體模仿；這種模仿繼而在自己心里引起同樣的感受。他當時在尋找一個與同情有所區(qū)別的詞

34、；同情是針對他人的一般困境而發(fā)的，無須分擔他人的任何感受。小孩兩歲半左右就漸漸不再有運動神經(jīng)模仿行為，那時他們會意識到別人的痛苦與自己的不同，會更有能力安慰別人。下面是摘自一位母親日記里的典型事例：一位鄰居的嬰兒哭了，珍妮走近前去，試圖給他一些小甜餅。她跟著他轉(zhuǎn)，開始帶著哭腔低聲自言自語。她然后試圖撫摸他的頭發(fā)，可是他躲開了……他平靜下來，但是珍妮仍然面帶憂色。她繼續(xù)給他拿來玩具，輕拍他的頭和肩膀。在這個年齡，幼兒對于他人感情波動的總體敏感度開始有所不同，有些像珍妮一樣，感同身受，有些則麻木不仁。國立精神健康研究院的瑪麗安· 拉德克－亞羅和卡羅琳· 察恩－瓦克斯勒所做的一系列研究表明，這種在同

35、感關注方面的不同大部分與父母怎樣教養(yǎng)子女有關。她們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在家教中讓孩子特別注意他們的惡作劇給別人造成的痛苦，比如對孩子說“瞧你讓她多傷心啊”，而不是說“你真調(diào)皮”，孩子就比較有同感心。她們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀看他人遇到痛苦時別人的反應，兒童的同感心也會受到影響。通過模仿親眼所見，兒童能培養(yǎng)出一套同感反應行為，尤其是在幫助那些苦惱人方面。 Active reading (2) 這位是桑迪 我的朋友向生人介紹我的時候，雖然我嘴上從不說什么，但我心里喜歡。我喜歡他們說“這位是桑迪——她是聾子”的時候臉上那副驕傲和榮耀的表情，就好像我證明了他們的仁德善心。我也喜歡生人臉上那瞬間的震驚表情、匆忙的微笑

36、和他們竭力裝出的“正常臉色”。如果他們這套儀式做得夠好，我就會微微轉(zhuǎn)過頭，把頭發(fā)掖到離他們較近的那只耳朵后面。他們總會說些好話，夸我的粉紅色助聽器，我的朋友們則一旁燦爛地微笑著。實際上，我在考慮開始收藏助聽器。它們是比耳環(huán)更好的首飾。我曾經(jīng)看到過一款“一夾得”帶罩助聽器的廣告圖片，產(chǎn)品有各種各樣的形狀和顏色，絕對時髦。那就像我們上高中的時候，埃斯特的爸爸給她買的精美昂貴的手袋一樣。那時，我們其他人只有羨慕的份兒，卻無法仿效，因為我們的老爸沒那么多錢去嬌慣我們。而現(xiàn)在，只有我能戴助聽器。朋友們也就只有羨慕的份兒了。說實話，我挺喜歡耳聾的。在那次車禍和愚蠢的安全氣囊破裂之后的頭幾年，日子不好過，但

37、是現(xiàn)在，耳聾讓我在朋友中間顯得很特別。我的好朋友沒有一個是聽力殘障的，因為我不是天生耳聾，在我失去聽覺的時候，我已經(jīng)有了一個固定的朋友圈。他們中的多數(shù)人都熱心積極地參加這場“表演”。你知道，在你談論朋友時，你會把稱他們?yōu)椤熬瓢墒陶叩卖敗?、“女權主義者卡羅爾”、“能用舌頭給櫻桃梗打結(jié)的家伙格雷格”等等。我是“聾女桑迪”。我喜歡這個稱呼。我沒有任何其他突出的個性或能耐。從來沒有過。還不僅僅是與眾不同。我確信，假如我不戴粉紅色的助聽器的話，我生活中的許多重大事件就不會以同樣的方式發(fā)生或產(chǎn)生同樣的結(jié)果。例如，跟柯林之間的事兒。我初次遇見柯林是在一次公寓派對上。女權主義者卡羅爾給我們彼此做了介紹之后，我

38、把頭發(fā)攏到兩耳之后，湊得更近些，不是因為他把那套儀式做得特別好，而是因為他是個情種。誰都能注意到在不可避免的驚訝之后他臉上恢復的微笑。握手之后，我們?nèi)ツ煤鹊?。在臨時搭建的吧臺和沙發(fā)之間的某個地方，卡羅爾不見了?！澳阃ǔ６枷襁@樣讀口形嗎？還是也用手語？”過了一會兒他問。我告訴他說：“我多數(shù)時間只讀口型，因為這比用手語更容易，盡管這不是我一直盯著你的嘴唇的唯一原因?！彼笮ζ饋?。我們又說了一會兒話。后來，主人放大音樂的音量，調(diào)暗“舞池”的燈光；我不得不湊近他，很近很近，以便能在昏暗中接著讀他的口形。我的確讀到了他的口型。我們照例交換了電話號碼。一周之后，柯林做了件不可思議的事：他打來了電話。我們出去玩了，發(fā)現(xiàn)對方在大白天依然好看，因此彼此感覺滿意。我又讀了更多的口型。在兩個月之內(nèi)，柯林和我就開始約會了。