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1、高二英語(yǔ)選修8 unit 1 A land of diversity導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Period4 Grammar一The Noun Clauses (名詞性從句) 名詞性從句 在句子中起金詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)o名詞從句的功能相當(dāng) 于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在 句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)>賓語(yǔ) 從句(Object Clause) > 表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)和同位語(yǔ)從句(Appositive Clause 一. 預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè) 說出劃線部分是

2、什么從句 Who will win the match is still unknown. ( ) I want to know what he has told you.( ) The fact is that we have lost the game. ( ) The news that we won the game is exciting. ( ) 二.合作探究閱讀主語(yǔ)從句部分并體會(huì)主語(yǔ)從句的用法： 合作探究一： .主語(yǔ)從句： 一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)叫主語(yǔ)從句。 常用引導(dǎo)詞： 連接詞：that(無(wú)詞義)whether (是否) That he will co

3、me and help us is certain. Whether we stay or not makes no difference. 連接代詞:who(ever) /whom/ what(ever)/ which(ever) / whose Who will go to the energy conference is not important. 連接副詞：when / where/ how/ why When and where the test will be given is not decided 注意:1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞是不能省略的。例如：That the

4、earth is round is true. 2. That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that.從句置于句末，例如: It is true that the earth is round. 結(jié)構(gòu)： a. It + be +形容詞+ that■從句 It is necessary that...有必要...It is important that…重要的是..?It is obvious that 很明顯…… b. It + be + p?p.+ that-從句 It is believed that…人們相信 It is known to all that…從所周

5、知 It has been decided that. .?己決定 c. It + be +名詞 + that-從句 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It is a surprise that... 令人驚 奇的是…… It is a fact that...事實(shí)是 d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that.分句 It appears that…似乎 It happens that…碰巧 It occurred to me that … 我突 然想起…… 2. 表示“是否，噫義時(shí)，一般用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， Whether

6、 she will come or not is still a question 3. 有時(shí)可用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start. 4. 從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet.. 注意： 以what開始的主語(yǔ)從句如果后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What he want

7、s to buy are three books and two pens. 四?當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)：練一練！ l.It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 2. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 3.1t is not immediately clear the Hn

8、ancial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C.when D. whether leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who the sports meet will be held depends on the weather. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That is a fact that English is being accepted

9、 as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 合作探究二 賓語(yǔ)從句： 一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)就叫賓語(yǔ)從句 連接詞：that(無(wú)詞義)/ whether / if e.g. I don't know whether (if)ynu are willing to help me . 連接代詞：what(ever)/ who(ever)/ whose/ which(ever)等 連接副詞：when where how why 等 特別提示 1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任

10、何成分。 I'm glad that you have passed the exam . 2. 有些詞或詞組如 hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like, appreciate, take(認(rèn)為),rely on, don^t mind等，習(xí)慣上后面跟it做形式賓語(yǔ)，再接套語(yǔ)從句。 I take it that you will agree with us. 3. 在接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，為了保持句子平衡，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將從句放在 句尾。常帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。 I think it

11、necessary that I take plenty of water every day. 4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的食語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如insist, order, request, suggest等。 I suggested that we (should) start before 5 o' clock. 5. 必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if: 1) .從句后有 or not 時(shí),不可用 if;I don't know whether he will come or not. 2) .介詞賓語(yǔ)通常用 whether 引導(dǎo):It depends on whether he

12、 is coming or not. 3) .后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4) .discuss后面的賓語(yǔ)從句解釋為是否用whether Imagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something at once 5.必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if: 1) .從句后有 or not 時(shí),不可用 if:I doif t know whether he will come or not . 2) .介詞賓語(yǔ)

13、通常用 whether 引導(dǎo) It depends on whether he is coming or not. 3) .后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4) .discuss后面的賓語(yǔ)從句解釋為是否用whether Imagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something at once 5） 主語(yǔ)從句放在句首 Whether we stay or not makes no difference. 6） 表語(yǔ)

14、從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 The question is whether we can get there on time . 7） 當(dāng)it做形式主語(yǔ)whether / if都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting. 6. 用 who, whom, which（ever）, whose,when, what（ever）, where, why, how, whoever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問 句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序（特殊疑問詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，be也是動(dòng)詞） Do you

15、know how old he is? I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予 熱情的支持。 7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主 句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如? We don5t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這

16、。I don't believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。 如果主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱反意疑問句常與從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；其他情 況看主句。例如： I don't believe she has been to Australia, has she? 我認(rèn)為她沒去澳大利亞，是嗎？ I don't believe that he can translate this book, ? She thinks that her husband is the best one in the team, ? doubt問題 1.1 doubt if / w

17、hether he will pass the exam.肯定句中用 if / whether 2.1 don^t doubt that we will win the match.否定句中用 that 3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 一般疑問句中用 that 1.1 doubt he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt the plan will be carried out . 3. Does he doubt you are from Austria? 4.I'm doubtf

18、ul he will agree to this. 合作探究三： 賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略： (1) 當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??； (2) 當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 四.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè): 1. He asked for a viol

19、in. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. A .whic

20、hever B. however C .whatever D. whoever 4. The true value of life is not in , but ? A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give 5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know . A. how she is getting along B. how

21、 is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along 6. I don't doubt he'll come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether 7.. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. 連接代詞： A. if B. where C. whether D. that 合作探究三:表語(yǔ)從句 一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)就叫表語(yǔ)從句.

22、連接詞：that/whether/as if/as though/because who/whom/what/which/whose 連接副詞：when/where/how/why The problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can eet there . It looks as if it is coine to rain. 特別提醒 1. 主句的主語(yǔ)是ad vice,suggestion,order, request等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要 虛擬。 His suggestion is th

23、at we (should) go now. 2. 主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句常用that；若表原因用because,表結(jié)果用 why. The reason for his absence was that he was ill. He forgot it. That was why he didn't call me. He didn*t call me. That was because he forgot it. what與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別： what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等.that在句子 中只起連接作用，沒

24、有意義. (1) Whvt you said yesterday is right. (2) That the earth coes aroand the sun is well-known to everybody. 四. 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)： l. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 2.1 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. I

25、s that you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where 3. she couldn't understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 4. The true value of life is not in , but . A. which we get; what give we B. what we

26、get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give 5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know ? A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along 6.1 don't doubt hell come. A? that B. if C?

27、what D. whether 7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I donft know where has he cone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter wes. 規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語(yǔ)

28、 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. . His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. 規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用！問題：此類虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？ ( ) 五. 總結(jié)提升：典型錯(cuò)誤及歸納 找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī) 律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weather is suitabl

29、e for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. 規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether : (1)位于句子開頭；(2)前面有介詞；3) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；(4)與or not連用。 找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 1.1 think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That i

30、s hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesn't matter that you will come or not 規(guī)律四：主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下可以借助“it”而后置。 問題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？ Homework: Exxl ,2,3 on p.5 and Exxl,2 on p.49.