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1、 語法知識(shí)專項(xiàng)語法知識(shí)專項(xiàng) 陳述句陳述句 與感嘆句與感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)一知識(shí)點(diǎn)一 陳述句陳述句 所謂陳述句，就是用來說明事實(shí)或陳述看法的句子。從對(duì)意義的肯定與否來講，又分為肯定句和否定句。如：(1)He is writing a letter now. 他現(xiàn)在正在寫信。(2)She doesnt like any birds. 她不喜歡小鳥。1肯定句肯定陳述句就是對(duì)某種事實(shí)、看法加以肯定。它必須具備主語和謂語兩個(gè)基本部分。為了使陳述的事實(shí)或內(nèi)容更加完整、詳細(xì)，在陳述句中還需要用上表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等的狀語，通常情況下，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方式狀語放在句末。若同時(shí)出現(xiàn)這三種狀語，排列。順序?yàn)榉绞?、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間

2、。如：(1)He likes watching TV in the evening. 他喜歡在晚上看電視。(2)We are walking by the river. 我們正在河邊散步。(3)Sam goes to school by car. 薩姆坐車去上學(xué)。(4)We listened to the teacher carefully in the classroom in the morning. 上午我們?cè)诮淌依镎J(rèn)真聽老師講課。 What does your sister like doing in her spare time? She _ watching TV. AlikesB

3、liked Chas liked Dhad liked2否定句(1)直接加not構(gòu)成否定句若肯定句中含有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情詞，只須在其后加not即可把肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ㄈ纾篠he isnt a worker. 她不是一名工人。 They havent finished their work yet. 他們還沒完成他們的工作。 She cant sing English songs. 她不會(huì)唱英文歌。 We wont visit the farm next week. 下周我們不去參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 (2)需要借助于助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句 如果句子的謂語是行為動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，在行為動(dòng)詞前加dont 或do

4、esnt，在一般過去時(shí)中，在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt 構(gòu)成否定句。如： He gets up early. He doesnt get up early. They play basketball every afternoon. They dont play basketball every afternoon. He studied at that school three years ago. He didnt study at that school three years ago. I _(not go) to bed until my mother came back at ten

5、last night. (3)由little, few, hardly, never等構(gòu)成否定句 little(幾乎沒有), few(幾乎沒有), hardly(幾乎不), never(從不), seldom(很少), no(沒有)等屬于否定詞，可構(gòu)成否定句。如： We have little time. Hurry up! 我們幾乎沒有時(shí)間了，快點(diǎn)！ There are few people on the island. 島上幾乎沒有人。 They seldom watch TV. 他們很少看電視。 There were hardly sheep on the hills. 山上幾乎沒有羊。

6、 Ive never been to England. 我從來沒有去過英國。 He has no sisters or brothers. 他沒有兄弟姐妹。 (4)兩者之間的全部否定和部分否定 兩者之間的全部否定用neither. nor. 或neither of. ；部分否定用“both. not”。如： Neither Tom nor I am right. 湯姆和我都不對(duì)。 Neither of us can speak Chinese. 我倆都不會(huì)說漢語。 Both of them dont like swimming. 他們倆并非都喜歡游泳。 (5)三者或三者以上的全部否定和部分否定

7、 三者以上的全部否定用none, nothing, nobody, no one 等；部分否定使用all, many, everyone 等加not構(gòu)成。如： None of the people are workers. 這些人都不是工人。 Nothing can stop him now. 現(xiàn)在沒有什么能夠阻止他。 Nobody has been there before. 以前沒有人去過那兒。 Not all are ours. 并非所有的都是我們的。 Not many students like singing. 并非很多學(xué)生都喜歡唱歌。 Not everyone is right.

8、并非人人都是正確的。 _ more, and youll improve your spoken English. ASpeakBSpeaks CSpeaking DTo speak 知識(shí)點(diǎn)二知識(shí)點(diǎn)二 感嘆句感嘆句 感嘆句就是用來表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句一感嘆句就是用來表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句一般以般以what或或how開頭，句末加感嘆號(hào)開頭，句末加感嘆號(hào)“！”。what修飾名修飾名詞，詞， how修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。其主要句型為：修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。其主要句型為： 1以以what 開頭的感嘆句開頭的感嘆句 (1)Whata(an)形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞單數(shù)

9、可數(shù)名詞或What不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞如：如： What fun! 多好玩??！多好玩啊！ What a beautiful flower (it is )! 多好看的一朵花??！多好看的一朵花啊！ (2)What形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)主語謂語如： What delicious milk (it is)! 多么可口的牛奶?。?What good students they are! 他們是多好的學(xué)生??！ 2以how開頭的感嘆句 (1)How形容詞(副詞)主語謂語如： How beautiful she is ! 她真漂亮！(強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞) How fast he is running! 他跑得

10、多快?。?(2)How主語謂語如： How time flies! 時(shí)間過得真快！ How I wish to meet him soon! 我多么希望馬上就見到他?。?_ exciting the news is! AWhat BWhat an CHow DHow an 3特殊形式的感嘆句 (1)在陳述句或疑問句句末加感嘆號(hào)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如： He is a careful man! 他多么細(xì)心！ Have you ever seen such an amazing movie before! 你以前看過這么神奇的電影嗎！ (2)用詞或詞組表示的感嘆句。如： Wonderful! 妙

11、極了！ Good idea! 好主意！ Exercises 1Mary got good grades in school. _ excited she is! AWhat BWhat a CHow DHow a 2_ people visit the 2010 Shanghai World Expo every day? About 300,000. AHow many BHow much CHow long DHow often 3Excuse me, _is the way to the nearest supermarket? Awhere Bwhich Cwhy Dwho 4_ is

12、 it from your home to the shopping mall? About fifteen minutes ride. AHow long BHow far CHow often DHow much 5Our hometown is more beautiful than before, _？ Aisnt it Bis it Cdoesnt it Ddoes it 6Can you give me some information about Paris? Sorry, I _ to Paris, so I know nothing about it. Adont trave

13、l Bwont travel Chavent traveled Dhadnt traveled 7_ won the 100th gold medal at the Olympics for China? Zhang Yining . Shes from Beijing. AWho BWhat CWhen DWhere 8_ are you talking about? Something about the summer vacation. AWhat BWhere CWhy DHow 9He didnt go to the lecture this morning, did he? _，

14、though he was not feeling very well. ANo, he didnt BYes, he did CNo, he did DYes, he didnt 10.Dad, do you like my picture? _！Its the nicest one Ive ever seen! AWhat beautiful BHow careful CHow wonderful DWhat wonderful picture 11Nice to meet you, Mike. _？ Everything is OK. Thanks. AWhat are you doin

15、g BWhen have you been CHow is it going DWhats wrong with you 12_ do you make a banana milk shake? Peel the banana first and blend it with milk. AWhat BWhen CHow DWhere 13_ interesting book it is ！I want to read it again. AWhat an BHow an CWhat DHow 14Hes fed the dog and the cat, _？ Adoesnt he Bisnt

16、he Cwasnt he Dhasnt he 15Susan stays alone in the classroom and looks sad. _ to her? AWhat happens BWhat has happened CWhat is happening DWhat was happening 16_ do you visit your uncle? Once a week, at least. AHow long BHow many CHow often DHow soon 17_ yogurt do you need? Three cups. AHow long BHow

17、 far CHow many DHow much 18_ beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park. Good idea! AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat a 19_ do you want _ for a party? Lets ask Peter for advice. He knows all the parks in this city. AWhat; to buy BWhere; to go CHow ; to start DWhere; to get 20Millions of people

18、 know about Susan Boyle now, _？ _， she becomes wellknown because of her success on Britains Got Talent. Ado they; No Bdo they; Yes Cdont they; No Ddont they; Yes 21_ will the supper be ready？Im very hungry. In a minute. AHow soon BHow long CHow much DHow often 22_ you _ your drawing? Not yet! It wil

19、l be done in a few minutes. ADid; finishBWill; finish CDo; finish DHave; finished 23_ do you have an art festival in your school? Once a year. AHow oftenBHow manyCHow soon 24How long have you prepared for the art festival? _. ASince April BIn April CBefore April DLast April 25_ do you look so athlet

20、ic? Because I exercise at least five days a week. AWhereBWhenCWhyDHow 26I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. _， and _. ASo she did; so did I BSo did she; so I did CSo she was; so I was DSo was she; so I was 27Here is a ticket to the magic show, Jason. Wow! _ g

21、ift it is! Its my favorite. AWhat a delicious BWhat a nice CHow nice DHow delicious 28_ wide the streets are! AWhatBHowCWhat a 29His father likes going hiking. _. ASo does his mother BSo is his mother CSo his mother is DSo his mother does 30_ is it from here to the railway station? About ten kilometres. AHow far BHow fast CHow soon DHow often