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1、祈使句與疑問句祈使句與疑問句 知識點(diǎn)一知識點(diǎn)一 祈使句祈使句 1.祈使句的概念及形式 祈使句用來表示命令、請求、建議或勸告等。祈使句常省略主語，謂語動詞用原形。祈使句主要有下列幾種形式： (1)“Be形容詞”型 肯定式為：Be形容詞 否定式為：Dont be形容詞如： Be quiet, please. 請安靜。 Dont be late next time. 下次別遲到了。 (2)行為動詞開頭型 肯定式為：動詞原形其他 否定式為：Dont動詞原形其他如： Come here, please. 請到這兒來。 Dont stand up. 別站起來。 _ more, and youll impr

2、ove your spoken English. ASpeakBSpeaks CSpeaking DTo speak(3)Let型肯定式為：Let人稱代詞賓格動詞原形否定式為：Let人稱代詞賓格not動詞原形Dont let人稱代詞賓格動詞原形如：Lets talk about this problem. 咱們談一下這個問題。Lets not say anything about it. 對此，我們什么也不要說。 Let him go out. 讓他出去。 Dont let them make any noise. 讓他們別鬧了。 (4)“No名詞或動名詞”型 No photos. 禁止拍照。

3、 No parking here. 這里禁止停車。 No smoking. 禁止抽煙。 (5)“Never 動詞”型 Never mind. 不要緊。 Never eat too much. 不要吃得太多了。 知識點(diǎn)二知識點(diǎn)二 疑問句疑問句 1一般疑問句 英語中的疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句四種。所謂一般疑問句，就是指可以用yes或no來回答的疑問句。 (1)動詞有be的情形 結(jié)構(gòu)為：Be主語其他？如： Are you a worker? 你是一位工人嗎？ Yes, I am./No, Im not. 是的，我是。/不，我不是。 Was he late yester

4、day? 昨天他遲到了嗎？ Yes, he was./No, he wasnt. 是的，他遲到了。/不，他沒有遲到。 (2)行為動詞前有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的情形 結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞(助動詞)主語行為動詞其他？如： Can he swim? 他會游泳嗎？ Yes, he can. 是的，他會。 Will they come here this evening? 今天晚上他們要來這兒嗎？ No, they wont. 不，他們不來。 Must I stay here now? 現(xiàn)在我必須留在這里嗎？ No, you neednt. 不，不必要。 Can you come to my party on

5、Saturday afternoon? _. Ill have to help my parents. ASorry, I cantBYes, Id love to CLets go DNo, I dont think so (3)需要借助于助動詞的情形 謂語動詞為行為動詞的句子，則通常在句首添加助動詞do, does或did來構(gòu)成一般疑問句。 結(jié)構(gòu)為：Do/Does/Did主語謂語動詞其他？如： Do you often go fishing? 你經(jīng)常去釣魚嗎？ Yes, I do. 是的，我經(jīng)常去。 Does she speak French? 她講法語嗎？ No, she doesnt.

6、 不，她不講。 Did they arrive here in time? 他們及時到達(dá)這里了嗎？ Yes, they did. 是的，他們及時到了 Do you like watching TV? Yes, I _. But only after I finish my homework. AamBdoCdoesDdid (4)否定式的一般疑問句 此類疑問句主要表示反問或驚訝，通常在be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞后加not，并縮寫為nt后，再置于句首。如： Arent you a writer? 難道你不是作家嗎？ No, Im not. 是的，我不是。 Cant she sing? 難道她不

7、會唱歌？ Yes, she can. 不，她會唱。 Dont you know him? 你不認(rèn)識她？ Yes, I do. 不，我認(rèn)識。 2特殊疑問句 以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。 (1)語序和陳述句相同的特殊疑問句 疑問詞在特殊疑問句中作主語時，句子的語序與陳述句相同。如： Who will give us a talk? 誰將給我們作報告？ Which one is your friend? 哪一個是你的朋友？ _ do you study for a test? I study by working with a group. AWhere BHowCWhenDWhy 3選擇

8、疑問句 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況并要求對方選擇其中一種情況回答的問句就是選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句由“一般疑問句or另一個選擇成分”構(gòu)成。如： Do you like Tom or Jerry? 你喜歡湯姆還是杰里？ I like Jerry. 我喜歡杰里。 Will he go by train or by air? 他將乘火車還是乘飛機(jī)去？ By air. 乘飛機(jī)。 Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas? 你最喜歡哪一樣，蘋果、橘子還是香蕉？ I like apples best. 我最喜歡蘋果。 4反意疑問句 反意疑問句由兩部分

9、組成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分為簡略的一般疑問句，這兩部分在肯定與否定方面相反，即“前肯后否或前否后肯”。反意疑問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與陳述部分的主語和謂語保持一致。如： You are a student, arent you? 你是一名學(xué)生，對嗎？ He works hard, doesnt he? 他學(xué)習(xí)努力，對嗎？ They dont like sports, do they? 他們不喜歡運(yùn)動，對嗎？ (1)當(dāng)陳述句中有be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時 此時反意疑問句的疑問部分由“be, will, have, can, could 或它們的否定形式主語”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)然要符合“前肯后否或前否后肯

10、”的原則。如： He will go hiking, wont he? 他要去遠(yuǎn)足旅行，對嗎？ You have had supper, havent you? 你吃過晚飯了，對嗎？ She cant sing, can she? 她不會唱歌，對嗎？ They are in the same class, arent they? 他們同班，對嗎？ Hes already back to Australia, _？ _. He is on a visit to Shanghai. Aisnt he; No Bhasnt he; Yes Cisnt he; Yes Dhasnt he; No (2

11、)當(dāng)陳述句中有行為動詞時 此時反意疑問句的疑問部分由“dont(doesnt, didnt)主語”或“do(does, did)主語”構(gòu)成。如： Tom likes skating, doesnt he? 湯姆喜歡滑冰，對嗎？ You dont often play football, do you? 你不經(jīng)常踢足球，對嗎？ They didnt go there, did they? 他們沒有去那里，對嗎？ (3)當(dāng)陳述句為there be時 此時附加疑問部分的謂語用和陳述部分相對應(yīng)的助動詞，而主語用there。如： There arent many books on the desk, a

12、re there? 課桌上沒有很多書，對嗎？ There used to be a house there, didnt there? 那兒過去有一幢房子，對嗎？ (4)當(dāng)陳述句為“I am.”時 此時附加問句要用arent I。如： Im a teacher, arent I? 我是一名教師，對吧？ I am your first friend, arent I? 我是你的第一個朋友，對嗎？ (5)當(dāng)前半部分是以行為動詞開頭的祈使句時 以行為動詞開頭的祈使句，附加問句用will you 或wont you, 有時也用would you, can you等，但在否定祈使句中，附加問句一般用wi

13、ll you。如： Please open the door, will you? 請開一下門，好嗎？ Please sit down, wont you? 請坐，好嗎？ Dont be late next time, will you? 下次別遲到了，好嗎？ Email is very popular today. People seldom write letters now, _？ Adid theyBdo they Cdidnt they Ddont they (8)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為下列詞匯時 當(dāng)陳述部分主語為everybody, everyone, nobody, no one,

14、someone, somebody等指人的不定代詞時，附加問句的主語通常用they或he。如： Everyone knows that, dont they? 大家都知道那件事，對吧？ No one left, did they？沒有人離開，對嗎？ Someone is coming after us, isnt he? 有人跟蹤我們，是嗎？ 當(dāng)陳述部分主語為everything, something, nothing等指物的不定代詞時，附加問句的主語通常用it。如： Nothing is serious, is it? 不嚴(yán)重，對吧？ Everything is ready, isnt it

15、? 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，對吧？ (9)當(dāng)陳述部分含有un， in等表否定前綴的詞時 當(dāng)陳述部分中含有un， in， im， il， ir， dis等表否定前綴或有l(wèi)ess表否定后綴的詞時，附加問句仍用否定形式。如： He dislikes pop music, doesnt he? 他不喜歡流行音樂，對嗎？ The boy is very careless, isnt he? 這個男孩很粗心，對嗎？ 當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是“I (We) dont think (believe, suppose, guess)/am not (are not)sure/ am not (are not)afraid 賓

16、語從句”時，情形同上，只是附加問句要用肯定形式。如： I dont think he likes playing football, does he? 我認(rèn)為他不喜歡踢足球，對嗎？ We dont believe that he has been to America, has he? 我們不相信他去過美國，對嗎？ 當(dāng)陳述部分是其他情況的主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)時，附加問句以主句為準(zhǔn)。如： She says she will visit her aunt, doesnt she? 她說她要去看望她阿姨，對吧？ They thought that was a right answer, didnt the

17、y? 他們認(rèn)為那是一個正確答案，對嗎？ Hell tell you if he gets the news, wont he? 如果他得到消息，他就會告訴你，是不是？ 1_ people visit the 2010 Shanghai World Expo every day? About 300,000. AHow many BHow much CHow long DHow often 2Excuse me, _is the way to the nearest supermarket? Awhere Bwhich Cwhy DWho 3_ is it from your home to t

18、he shopping mall? About fifteen minutes ride. AHow long BHow far CHow often DHow much 4Our hometown is more beautiful than before, _？ Aisnt it Bis it Cdoesnt it Ddoes it 5Can you give me some information about Paris? Sorry, I _ to Paris, so I know nothing about it. Adont travel Bwont travel Chavent

19、traveled Dhadnt traveled 6_ won the 100th gold medal at the Olympics for China? Zhang Yining . Shes from Beijing. AWho BWhat CWhen DWhere 7_ are you talking about? Something about the summer vacation. AWhat BWhere CWhy DHow 8He didnt go to the lecture this morning, did he? _， though he was not feeli

20、ng very well. ANo, he didnt BYes, he did CNo, he did DYes, he didnt 9Nice to meet you, Mike. _？ Everything is OK. Thanks. AWhat are you doing BWhen have you been CHow is it going DWhats wrong with you 10_ do you make a banana milk shake? Peel the banana first and blend it with milk. AWhat BWhen CHow

21、 DWhere 11Hes fed the dog and the cat, _？ Adoesnt he Bisnt he Cwasnt he Dhasnt he 12Susan stays alone in the classroom and looks sad. _ to her? AWhat happens BWhat has happened CWhat is happening DWhat was happening 13_ do you visit your uncle? Once a week, at least. AHow long BHow many CHow often D

22、How soon 14_ yogurt do you need? Three cups. AHow long BHow far CHow many DHow much 15_ do you want _ for a party? Lets ask Peter for advice. He knows all the parks in this city. AWhat; to buy BWhere; to go CHow ; to start DWhere; to get 16Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now, _？ _， she bec

23、omes wellknown because of her success on Britains Got Talent. Ado they; No Bdo they; Yes Cdont they; No Ddont they; Yes 17_ will the supper be ready？Im very hungry. In a minute. AHow soon BHow long CHow much DHow often 18_ you _ your drawing? Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes. ADid; finishBW

24、ill; finish CDo; finish DHave; finished 19_ do you have an art festival in your school? Once a year. AHow oftenBHow manyCHow soon 20How long have you prepared for the art festival? _. ASince April BIn April CBefore April DLast April 21_ do you look so athletic? Because I exercise at least five days

25、a week. AWhereBWhenCWhyDHow 22I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. _， and _. ASo she did; so did I BSo did she; so I did CSo she was; so I was DSo was she; so I was 23His father likes going hiking. _. ASo does his mother BSo is his mother CSo his mother is DSo his mother does 24_ is it from here to the railway station? About ten kilometres. AHow far BHow fast CHow soon DHow often