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1、翻譯部分英文原 文 THE DESIGN OF FR UIT AUTOM ATED SORTINGS YSTEM Abstract: The article in troduced the flow and desig n scheme of fruit automated sorting system,the computer tech no logy and automatic tech no logy is used in some tech no logy, such asthedetecti on and con trol tech no logy, the digital im

2、age process ing tech no logy, the computerperipheral device and in terface tech no logy, Pattern Recog niti on tech no logy etc, is used in thefruit automated sortin gsystem. Keywords: the fruit, automated sort ing system, automati on, the digital imageprocessi ng,PatternRecog nitio n 1. INT RODU

3、 CTION Wit h the development of modern agriculture &fo restry and the enhance of in dustrialsta ndard,theoutputoffr uitsfromi nne rcoun trya ndabroadarebei ngraisedswift ly.On the on eha n d,thefruitsfromdi fferentdistrictaresoldinlocalarea,ontheotherhand,moreplentyoffruitsaresoldtootherdi stri cte

4、ve nabroad,a ndthesefruitsdema ndbe in gpackedaccord in gtodiff ere nt quality. In order to package these fruits, we must to desig n a fruit automatedsorti ngsystem,becauseifthesefruitswerepackedbyha nd,on ethe on ehaid ,Thetaskisharda nditi sinefficient;ontheotherhand,itisnotm eetthedemandsofmoder

5、nfruitpa ckage,whichisneedto be Mu lti - layer or high standard or high san itary sta ndard. To advaneed country after second war, the automated sorting system is one of theessentialequipment of Logistics centre,Distribut ion Centre,or ci rculat ion centre(Huang,2002),i t was in Ameri ca n and E ur

6、ope in the 1960s, automated sorting system was used in Japa n in1970s (Xu,2002 ) ,Atthepreseit ,automatedsortingsystemisalsosuccessuaedinpostofficebesidesabovefield .Withthe improvementofmode rnizationstandard,itiswidelyusedinmoreand more field.almost no success using about frui t automated sortin

7、g system because it concernalotsofknowledgeandsubject,atthesametime,itdemandmorehigherlevelofartificia l.Atpresent, weca non lyseethe newsaboutFruit on icscompa ny,whichhavedesig nedasetoffruitautomated sortin gsystem. 2. THEHARDWARE DESIGNOFFRUITAUTOMATEDSORTINGSYSTEM In thecourseofdesig nin gof

8、theSystem,allki ndsoffactorarecomprehe nsivelythoughtwhe n fruits are sorted. All kinds of tech no logy, such as detect ion and con trol tech no logy,thecomputer peripheralequipme nt and in terface tech no logy,the digital imageprocess in gtech no logy and Patter n Recog niti on tech no logy, is use

9、d, at the same time, adva need algorithmis used in the course of pattern identification, and it improve the accurate rate of fruit sorting. 2.1 The hardware con sists of fruit automated sort in gsystem Thereareallsortsofautomatedsorti ngsystem,a nditssta ndardisdiffere nt.l ngen eral,a nautomated

10、sorting system is consists of seven partition(Xu,2002),it is:collection Conveyor,feed Conveyor,th eSettingDeviceOfsorting instruction,confl uencedevice,sortingconveyer,sortingand discharge cargo port,computerc on troll er(Fig.l) 2.2 The consists of hardware and work p ri nciples of fruit a utomate

11、d sorting system The fruit automated sorting system is based of the traditional automated sorting system,but it is different of the tradi ti onal automated sort ing system, it is an automate d sort ingsystemwhic h i s high in tell ige nt, real-time, Mult ilayer, multi kno wledge fi elds and multi

12、class.Thissystemhasseveralpart(X u,2002),suchas:conveyerdevice,thewei ghtsortingdevice,theappear ance sorting device,and the quality sorting device etc.(Fig.2). The Design of Fruit Automat ed SortingSystem Fig . 1 . The hardw a re diag ram of fruit automated sorting system (1) in put con veyer

13、belt; (2) fill cargo con veyer belt; (3) steel con veyer belt; (4) Diverter;(5)output Rollers; (6) sorting port; (7) signal giver; (8) laser ISBN reader; (9) pass detector;(10)magnetism signal generator; (11) controller; (12) magnetism signal reader; (13) full scaledetector. Fig . 2 . The hardw

14、 are consists of fruit automated sorting system The function module of the fruit automated sorting system is adapt to its Thehardwareconsist, three module, which is weight sorting module, appearanee sorting model andqualitysorting module, is concluded in the system. The work principles of the each

15、function moduleca nbe expla ined by the Figure (Fig. 3) (Ha n,2004). AD oor'Elinf* Fig . 3 . The hardw are consists of the w e ig ht sortingdevice 2.2.1 The weight sorting device and its workpri nciple The fruit which is need to be sorted is transferred to the fruit receive &distribute devicebyc

16、 on veyerbelt(Fig.3),thefruitreceive& distributedeviceca ndetecttheweighti nformatio no ffruitbypressurese nsor,thea nalogweighti nformatio nfro mpressurese nsoris tra nsferredtodigitali nformatio nbyA/Dswitch(Zhu,2001),the digitali nformatio nisse nttothe computer,thecomputerprocessthesei nformati

17、o nbyspecialsoftware,theresultfromcomputerisse nttodif ferent passageway by parallel in terface (the purpose is to con trol the con troller fromfruitreceive &distribute device which can control the destination of the fruits), the digitalinformation from parallel in terface is convert to the an alog

18、sig nal by D/A switch, the an alog drjee signal is magnified by signal ampl ifier and it is sent to the fruit receive &di stribute device ino rdertoco ntroltheFlowDirecti onoft hediffere ntwe ightfruit .I no rdertoe nterthe nextsort in gstep, which is appearance sorting, the fruit from wei ght s

19、orting device is sent to theappearancesorting device to be sorted by appeara nce sort ing device. The Desig n of Fruit Automated Sort in gSy stem Fig . 4 . The hardw are consists of the w e ig ht sortingdevice 2.2.2 The appearance sorting device and its work principle The fruit from weight s

20、orting device is sent to the fruit receive &distribute device oftheappearance sorting device (Fig. 4), the high speed camera shoot fruit from various an gles,theimagefromcamerabese nttothecomputerbythevideocapturecard,thecomputerprocessthevide o in formati on by special software, the result from com

21、puter is the classified sig nal of fruit,the sig nal ope n the differe nt sort ing passageway by parallel in terface, and the n the sig nalismag nified by the signal amplifier. In order to control the fruit receive &distribute device, thefruits are sent to the different passageway, and at last the f

22、ruit can be sent to the packagedevice.The image from camera should be processed by edge detecti on and no ise remov ing (eve n itmustbecurvefitti ng)(Guo,2004),a ndthe ni tbematchedtodiffere ntfruitappeara ncesothatthe fruit can be sorted byappeara nce. 2.2.3 The quality sorting device and its work

23、principle The two devices, which is the quality sort ing device and appeara nce sort ing device, have the similar work process (Fig. 4). there are two different: one different is that the highspeedcameramustbei nfraredhighspeedcamera;a no therdiffere ntisthattheyhavediffere ntprocesss oftware .the

24、software of the quality sorting device can process the fruit appeara nce quality(suchas color and luster, stain etc) and inner quality (it is rot or not) according to the imagefromcamera. It sorts manly according to the image from the infrared high speed camera and thetradesta ndard .In theprocessof

25、sorti ng,itmakesfulluseofthedigitalimageprocessi ngtech no logya ndPa tternRecog niti on tech no logy.l ngen eral,thefirststepistoscree naccordi ngtocolora ndluster and sta in, the second step is to screen the inner quality of the fruit according to theinfraredimage. 3. THESOFTWAREDESIGNOFFRUITAUT

26、OMATEDSORTINGSYSTEM In the course of the desig ning software of the System, differe nt developme nt tool should be thought because it refers to the hardware. the software of weight sorting and thecomputerinterface is need to be developed by assembler programming Ianguage because it referstohardwar

27、e, other software, such as the digital imageprocessing, the serial interfacecommunication etc, can be developed by Vc++, It has several special C on trol in Vc++ aboutserial in terface com muni cation (Do ng,2005). 4. SUMMARY The frui t automated sorting system refers to differe nt tech no logy f

28、orm diff ere ntsubject,suchasautomatictech no logy,thesoftwareandhardwaretech nologyofcomput er.Thedig italimageprocessingtechnology,theartific ialint ell igencetechnol ogyetc.thepaperintroducedthedesignth oughoffrui tautomatedsortingsystem,theconsistsofhardware,workprinciplean dthedesignofsoftware.

29、T hefinalappli cationofthesystemcanbringabout largesocialbenefitandeconomic benefit to agriculture product ion an dma nageme nt. REFERENCES [1] Dong S. L. Application of PLC in the Automatic Sorting S ystem, Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2005,5:136-147. [2] Guo X. F., Liu W. T. An Automatic Feather

30、Selecti ng System by Image Processi ng,ModernElectro nic Tech ni que, 2004,3:30-33. ⑶ Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C. Q. The Desig n of the Parcel AutomaticSorti ngSystem, Mechanical &Electrical Engineering Magazine, 2004,8:11-12. [4] Hua ng Q. M. Automatic Sort ing S ystem and An alysis of

31、 applicati on prospect,LogisticsTech no logy, 2002,5:7-15. [5] XieL. X., Yang H. Y. Design and Implementation of Statistic and Analysis S ystemforAutomatic Luggage Sorting System, Computer Engineering(Supplementary Issue), 2005,31:3-6. [6] Xu S . Y. Automatic Sorting System and the applicati on,

32、 Logistics and MaterialHa ndli ng,2002,3:33-39. [7] Zhu Z. T. The design of computer auto-sorting system, Computer Engineering an dDesig n,2001,6:66-88. 中文譯文 水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 摘要：本文介紹了水果自動(dòng)分揀系 統(tǒng)的流程和設(shè)計(jì)方案，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動(dòng)化技術(shù)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理中。在這個(gè)系 統(tǒng)中，有一些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，如檢測(cè)與控制技術(shù)，數(shù)字化圖像處理技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)外圍設(shè)備和接口 技術(shù)，模式識(shí)別技術(shù)等，這些都用于水果自動(dòng) 分揀系統(tǒng)

33、。 關(guān)鍵詞：水果，自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)化，數(shù)字圖像處理，模式識(shí)別。 1. 介紹 隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)的發(fā)展和工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高， 國(guó)內(nèi)外的水果產(chǎn)量迅速增加。 一方面， 不同區(qū)域的水果在本地售賣(mài)。另一方面，很多水果銷(xiāo)往其他地區(qū)甚至遠(yuǎn)銷(xiāo)國(guó)外，并且這些 水果需要根據(jù)不同的品質(zhì)來(lái)分類。為了將這些水果分類包裝，我們就必須設(shè)計(jì)一種水果自 動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)槭謩?dòng)分揀這些水果會(huì)比較困難，一方面是效率低下；另一方面是不能滿 足當(dāng)代的水果分裝要求，現(xiàn)代的水果分裝具有多層次并符合高衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的物流中心、配送中心、流通中心自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng) 已 經(jīng)成為一種基本的設(shè)備。早在 20世紀(jì)60年

34、代，自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)就已經(jīng)在美國(guó)和歐洲使用 了，到了 70年代也已經(jīng)在日本使用。目前，自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)也被成功的運(yùn)用在了郵局系統(tǒng)里。 隨著現(xiàn)代化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 進(jìn)步，自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用于更多領(lǐng)域。不過(guò)就目前來(lái)看，自 動(dòng) 分揀系統(tǒng)還沒(méi)有成功 應(yīng)用于對(duì)水果進(jìn)行 分類，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)要同時(shí) 考慮太多的知識(shí)和目標(biāo)， 也 要求更高水平的人工成分。我們現(xiàn)在只能從蘋(píng)果供應(yīng)商公司得到一點(diǎn)消息，該公司設(shè)計(jì)了 一套水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng) 2. 水果分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè) 計(jì)在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，水果分類需要全面考慮各種因素。還有 各種技術(shù)因素，如 檢測(cè)和控制技術(shù)，電腦周邊設(shè)備和接口技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和模式識(shí)別技術(shù)，都有應(yīng)

35、 用其 中，另外，先進(jìn)算法也要用在模式識(shí)別當(dāng)中，可以提高水果分揀的計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確率。 2.1水果分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件組成 目前已有很多種自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)，而且標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也各有不同。一般來(lái)說(shuō)， 自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)包括 七個(gè)部分，分別是： 收集輸送機(jī)，輸送帶，分揀說(shuō)明的設(shè)置裝置， 合流設(shè)備，分揀輸送機(jī)， 分揀和卸貨口，電腦控制器。（見(jiàn)圖 1） 水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)圖 圖1.水果自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng)的硬件圖 （1）進(jìn)給輸送帶；（2）裝貨物輸送帶；（3）鋼輸送帶；（4）換向器；（5）輸出輥?zhàn)樱唬?）分揀道口； （7）信號(hào)發(fā)射器；（8）激光 ISBN掃描儀；（9）接近開(kāi)關(guān)；（10）磁信號(hào)發(fā)生器；（11）控制器；（1

36、2）磁信號(hào)接收器；（13）全方位探測(cè)器； 2.2水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)的軟件組成和工作原理 水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)是以傳統(tǒng)的分揀系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，但是又不同于傳統(tǒng)的分揀系統(tǒng)，它是一 個(gè)高智能，實(shí)時(shí)的，多層的，多領(lǐng)域和多層次的系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)包括幾個(gè)部分，如輸送 設(shè)備, 重量分揀設(shè)備，外觀分揀設(shè)備和質(zhì)量分揀設(shè)備等 。 去外觀分 選裝髯2- 驕呈歸揀 裳蜀存 去外觀分選 裝貿(mào)比 圖2水果自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng)的組成 水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)的功能模塊與其硬件相適應(yīng)，包括三個(gè)模塊，分別是重量分類模塊、 外觀 分類模塊和質(zhì)量分類模塊。每個(gè)功能模塊的工作原理如圖 3所示（Han, 2004）。 圖3重量分選裝置

37、的硬件構(gòu)成 221 重量分類設(shè)備及其工作原理需要分類的水果通過(guò)傳輸帶傳輸?shù)剿邮赵O(shè)備與配送 設(shè)備（圖3），水果接收與配送 設(shè)備可以利用壓力傳感器獲得水果重量的信息，從壓力傳感器上獲得的模擬重量信息通過(guò) 模 擬/數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信息（Zhu，2001），數(shù)字信息被傳送給計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)利用特 定 的軟件處理這些信息，最后由計(jì)算機(jī)得出的結(jié)果通過(guò)并行接口發(fā)送到不同的通道（這樣 做的 目的是為了控制從水果接收與配送設(shè)備），并行接口中的數(shù)字信號(hào)由數(shù)字 /模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器 轉(zhuǎn)換 成模擬信號(hào)，為了控制不同重量水果的流方向，我們將得到的模擬信號(hào)使用信號(hào)放大器放大 后再發(fā)送給水果接收與配送設(shè)備。

38、為了進(jìn)入下一個(gè)分類模塊，即形狀分類模塊，我們將重量 分類設(shè)備分揀出的水果傳送到外觀分類器中。 并行接口* D4銬抑 圖4重量分選裝置的硬件構(gòu)成 2.2.2外觀分類器及其工作原理 從重量分類器中挑出的水果被傳送到外觀分類器中的水果接 收與配送設(shè)備中，首先利 用高速照相機(jī)從不同的角度拍攝水果的形狀，從照相機(jī)中獲得的圖片通過(guò)視頻采集卡傳送給 計(jì)算機(jī)，然后計(jì)算機(jī)利用特定的軟件處理采集卡上的信息，利用計(jì)算機(jī)處理后的結(jié)果是水果 的分類信號(hào)，該分類信號(hào)利用并行接口打開(kāi)了不同的分類通道，接著用放大器放大該信號(hào)。 為了控制水果接收與配送設(shè)備，我們將水果傳送到不同的通道，最后將水果傳送到 包裝

39、設(shè)備。相機(jī)中的圖片應(yīng)該進(jìn)行邊緣檢測(cè)和去噪處理（甚至必須進(jìn)行曲線校正）（ Guo , 2004），然后將處理完的圖片信息與不同的水果 外觀做匹配，這樣就可以在外觀上將水果 進(jìn)行分類。 223質(zhì)量分類器及其工作原理質(zhì)量分類器和外觀分類器這兩個(gè)設(shè)備的工作原理差不多（圖 4）。但二者存在兩個(gè)不同 點(diǎn)：一個(gè)是高速相機(jī)必須是紅外線高速相機(jī)； 軟件可以根據(jù)相機(jī)獲得的圖片處理水果外觀質(zhì)量 （是否腐爛）。它主要是根據(jù)紅外線高速相機(jī) 另一個(gè)是處理軟件不同。質(zhì)量分類器所用的 （如:顏色和色澤、染色等）和內(nèi)部質(zhì)量 和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類的。在分類的過(guò)程中, 設(shè)備充分的使用了數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和模式識(shí)別技

40、術(shù)。 總而言之，第一步主要根據(jù)顏色、色澤和 染色程度來(lái)審 查水果的外部質(zhì)量，第 二步是根據(jù)紅外線圖像 來(lái)審查水果的內(nèi)部質(zhì)量。 3. 水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)的軟 件設(shè)計(jì)在系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中， 需要根據(jù)它的硬件來(lái)考慮開(kāi)發(fā)不同 的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具。根據(jù)硬 件要求，重量分揀和計(jì)算機(jī)接口的軟件應(yīng)該用匯編程序語(yǔ)言， 其他的軟件，比如數(shù)字圖像 處理，串行接口通信，要用 Vc++來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)，因?yàn)樵?Vc++中有關(guān)于串行接口通信的幾個(gè)特 殊控制。 4. 總結(jié)水果自動(dòng)分揀系統(tǒng)參考應(yīng)用了不同的技術(shù)和不同的主體， 如自動(dòng)技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)的軟 件 和硬件技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)， 人工智能技術(shù)等等。本論文主要介紹了水果自動(dòng)

41、分揀系 統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思想，硬件組成，工作原理和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的最終應(yīng)用會(huì)給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管 理 中帶來(lái)巨大的社會(huì)利益和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] DongS.L.可編程序控制器（PLC）在自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 .機(jī)床及水力學(xué).2005年,5:136-147。 [2] GuoX.F.,LiuW. T.自動(dòng)羽毛選擇系統(tǒng)圖像處理 .現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)，2004,3:30-33。 [3] Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C.Q.包裹自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng) .機(jī)械和電氣工程專業(yè)雜 志,2004 年,8:11-12。 [4] HuangQ.M.自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng)和物流技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景 .物流技術(shù),2002年,5:7-15。 ⑸Xie L. X., Yang H.Y.設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析系統(tǒng)的行李整理系統(tǒng) .計(jì)算機(jī)工程（補(bǔ) 充）,2005 年,31:3-6。 ⑹XuS.Y.自動(dòng)分類系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用.物流及材料處理，2002年,3:33-39。 [7]ZhuZ.T.計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)分揀的設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)工程與設(shè)計(jì) .2001年,6:66-88。