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1、路漫漫其修遠兮路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復習高考總復習專題突破解題策略專題突破解題策略( (一一) )必修一必修一第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通過各種信息來闡明的中心話題。把握主旨大意對正確理解全文具有重要意義。主旨大意題旨在考查考生對文章大意的理解和概括能力?？碱}中往往出現(xiàn)下列詞語：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。閱讀理解之主旨大意題 1.采用瀏覽法抓住

2、主題句。 主題句通常在文章開頭或結(jié)尾，而段落主題句有可能在一段的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句常出現(xiàn)在“總結(jié)性”語言的“信號詞或短語”后，如：in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主題句常出現(xiàn)在“轉(zhuǎn)移話題式”語言的“信號詞”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。標題的語言特點：獨特新穎、概括性強、短小精悍。 典例1(2015安徽高考B) When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them t

3、hat there was strength in unity (團結(jié)). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family

4、 unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up. Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new resta

5、urants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the stre

6、ngth of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked toge

7、ther. Now they are a big success. 63Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? AHow to Run a Corporation BStrength Comes from Peace CHow to Achieve a Big Dream DFamily Unity Builds Success 解析D根據(jù)第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (團結(jié))”和第三段“to succeed we

8、 must have unity”與“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文章主要講的是家庭團結(jié)對取得成功的重要性。文章沒有講怎樣經(jīng)營一家大型公司，也沒有提到怎樣實現(xiàn)偉大夢想。 典例2(2014浙江高考A) Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)There are lessons in that timehonored coinsavings container. . Ori

9、ginally you had to break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of moneycollege education，weddings，cars

10、，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely. 45The last paragraph talks about _. Athe seriousness of educating children Bthe enjoyment of taking a great trip Cthe importance of managing

11、 money Dthe difficulty of starting a business 解析C文章由piggy bank文化談起，介紹它名稱的由來及發(fā)展，最后告誡人們要及早明智地儲備好自己的錢以備后用。由文章最后一段的敘述可知人一生中需要錢的時候很多，所以最后一句話告誡人們當有錢時要儲存、明智地投資。so為總結(jié)性詞匯，故可知答案選C項。 2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。 尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。 典例3(2015 江蘇高考C) Suppose you become a le

12、ader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work. Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researche

13、rs have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wis

14、h to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract. People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these prog

15、rams can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this p

16、ossibility when they make volunteer activities a must. Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? 64What is the best title of the passage? AHow to Get People to Volunteer BHow to Study Volunteer Behaviors CHow to Keep Volunteers Interest DHow to Organize

17、Volunteer Activities 解析A本文是一篇議論文。文章分析講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會。文章首段提出假設(shè)：假如你是一名組織領(lǐng)導人，很想得到志愿者的幫助。并指出在此之前，必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會，并通過3個實驗研究志愿者的意圖。因此A項(如何使人們從事志愿者服務(wù))是文章的最佳標題。 3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章大意。 沒有主題句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表現(xiàn)活躍的高頻詞匯來確定主題，最后進行歸納總結(jié)。 典例4(2014福建高考D) Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with mo

18、re money. Strange as it may seem, if youre unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes. Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people

19、are already swamped(淹沒) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut. Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room

20、. Here are several rooms your house of life should have. . Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add

21、 to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. 71What would be the best title for the passage? AHouse of Life BSecret of Wealth CRest and Refreshment DInterest and Enthusiasm 解析A本文強調(diào)的是精神追求，且文中多處出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞life以及house of life，故可確定答案是A項。 該類題型中的干擾項與正確項有以下特點，同學們請注意： 1.正確選項的特點 (1)通常不含細節(jié)信息和表示絕對意義的詞。 (2)能概括文章或段落的主要內(nèi)容。 2.干擾項的特點 (1)以偏概全。概括的范圍過于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主題的一個側(cè)面。 (2)斷章取義。以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實或細節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。 (3)主題擴大。歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。 (4)似是而非。關(guān)鍵詞好像在文章中提到了，但認真分析之后會發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。 (5)張冠李戴。命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上。