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1、語法精講系列講座七主謂一致講座七主謂一致語 法 精 講英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。語法一致原則單數(shù)單數(shù)He is talking with his brother.復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)The boys are playing football.就近一致原則由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also).等連接與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致Either I or they are responsible for the result of th

2、e matter.Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.由there，here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)和最鄰近的主語保持一致There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.意義一致原則clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，equipment，luggage等不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.以s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的詞Politics is

3、often a topic for discussion.表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、價(jià)格、金錢、體積等復(fù)數(shù)名詞表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念Forty miles was covered in a single night.由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等構(gòu)成的不定代詞Is everybody here today？動(dòng)詞ing形式、動(dòng)詞不定式和名詞性從句Persuading him to join us seems really hard.Whatever was left was taken away.意義一致原則由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)

4、單數(shù)War and peace is a constant theme in history.The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞and(no/each/every/many a)單數(shù)名詞Many a teacher and(many a) student has seen the film.one/every one/each/either/the numberof/the variety of復(fù)數(shù)名詞The number of students from the north

5、 is small.由and連接兩個(gè)并列成分表不同概念復(fù)數(shù)Steam and ice are different forms of water.一些常用復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞如arms，stairs，goods等。The goods are sold out.以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞如山脈、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、群島等。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.a number of名詞A number of students are from China.意義一致原則all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定

6、All is going on very well.All are present besides the professor.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語，謂語要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.About 20 percent of the students are absent today.means，fish，sheep，deer 等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞Every means has been t

7、ried.All possible means have been tried.集體名詞company，class，population，minority，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，committee，government，majority，family，team，army，group等強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，指個(gè)體成員時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)The class consists of twentyfive boys and twenty girls.The class are doing experiments.特別提醒由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如t

8、rousers，pants，jeans，compasses(圓規(guī))，glasses，shorts等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of或two/three.pairs of來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞在數(shù)上要與pair保持一致。Your glasses are very nice.This pair of glasses is mine.Here are some new pairs of shoes.“名詞with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，as much as，but，except等名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主

9、語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與第一個(gè)名詞保持一致。Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.Dr.Smith，together with his wife，is to arrive on the evening flight.特別提醒由“kind(或form，type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修飾的主語，其謂語形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。This new type of bus is now on show.Some new forms of art were discusse

10、d at the meeting.a quantity of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，亦可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果a quantity of接不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞通常要采用復(fù)數(shù)形式(偶爾謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，屬非規(guī)范用法，宜慎用)。quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.A large quantity of books are on sale now.Great quantities of fish were caught t

11、hat day.特別提醒若用and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Riding on the elephants and rowing the boats were the childrens favourite games.Getting up early and going to bed early is a good habit.what和whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)的意義上的數(shù)確定What he says and does do not agree.What he says and does does not concern me.