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1、第九講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣1準確把握情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。2準確把握情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣句子結構中的使用。3wish，as if/though，if only，would rather從句，Its time從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。4表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞語后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。5虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。2012年高考將重點考查情態(tài)動詞表“推測和可能性、必要性、請求、允許、允諾”，非真實條件虛擬語氣和名詞性從句的虛擬語氣的運用。 1(2011全國卷) If you_smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. must D

2、. may解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“如果你非得要抽煙，請到外面去抽?！眒ust (表示主張)一定要，堅持要。根據后一句please go outside的要求，選C。答案 C2(2011上海)Some young people these days just_go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustnt B. wontC. mightnt D. shouldnt解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“現在一些年輕人就是不愿意走出家門接觸真正的世界?！眒ustnt禁止，不允許；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主觀性；migh

3、tnt可能不；shouldnt不應該。根據句意選B。答案 B3(2011福建)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you_， in case he comes late for the meeting .Awill BmustCmay Dcan解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“需要我現在就通知他計劃有變嗎？恐怕你得這樣做，以防他開會遲到。”must (表示必要、命令或強制)必須，得。根據后半句，選B。答案 B4(2011安徽)What do you think of store shoppi

4、ng in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.A. will never replaceB. would never replace C. will never be replacedD. would never be replaced解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“你對將來的商店購物怎么看？我個人認為會與在家購物并存，但商店購物不會被取代?！备鶕蘒 think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虛擬的選項D，這是表示將來的時間，考

5、慮到被動語態(tài)，選C。答案 C5(2011四川)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.Acan BmayCmust Dshould解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“警方依然沒有找到失蹤的孩子，但他們現在正在做他們所能做的一切?！眂an可以，能夠；may可能，許可；must必須；should應該。根據句意，選A。答案 A1can 和could的用法(1)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那樣的蠢事呢？(2)ca

6、nnot.too/enough表示“無論也不過分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.開車時越小心越好。2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“許可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意義。在給予別人許可時，常用can，但有時也用may。不能用might。May I play basketball this afternoon?“今天下午我可以打籃球嗎？”No，you may not.“不，不行?！?“may as well動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.你最好馬上就

7、做這件事。We may as well stay where we are.我們留在現在的地方倒也不錯。(2)may作“可以”講時，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒絕可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt.3must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill

8、 of others.你一定不要說別人的壞話。Smoking must not be allowed in the office.嚴禁在辦公室吸煙。(2)表示“偏執(zhí)”，“固執(zhí)”Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出這么大聲嗎？If you must smoke，please go out.如果你偏要吸煙，那你就出去吧。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。Shall we begin our class?我們可以開始上課嗎？Shall the driver wait outside?司機在外邊等著可以嗎？(2)用于

9、第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我許諾給他一件生日禮物。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那種事，我就不支持你。5will和would的用法作情態(tài)動詞的will，would與作助動詞的will，would的各種形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去的情況。John promised his doctor he would not smok

10、e，and he has never smoked ever since.約翰答應他的醫(yī)生不再吸煙了，自從那時起他就再也不吸煙了。I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.我已再三告訴他戒煙，但是他就是不聽。(2)will可以表示一種習慣性的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步。(3)would 可以表示過去的習慣性動作，比used to正式，但沒有“現已無此習慣”的含義

11、。Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年我們的英語老師常常課后給我們講英語故事。1(2011北京)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He_come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would not D. might not解析考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意為“我真不喜歡

12、James。你為何請了他？別擔心。他可能來不了。他說他的計劃還沒安排好?！鳖}干中的he wasnt certain說明他可能不來，可能來，因此使用不完全否定might not。選D。答案 D2(2010北京)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah，good morning. You_be Mrs. Peters.Amight BmustCwould Dcan解析此題考查情態(tài)動詞。第一句說明和史密斯女士有約定，所以秘書判斷一定是。must在此表示推測，意為“一定”，符合

13、語境。答案B3(2010浙江)“You_have a wrong number，” she said，“Theres no one of that name here.”Aneed BcanCmust Dwould解析考查情態(tài)動詞。從“Theres no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄錯號碼了”。此處表示肯定的推測，故用must。答案C4(2009遼寧)The traffic is heavy these days.I_arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan BmustCneed Dmight解析can

14、在肯定句中意為“能夠，有時會”，一般不用來表示推測；must 意為“一定，必定”；need意為“需要”；might意為“可能，或許”，表示推測。句意：這些天交通很繁忙，我可能會來晚一點，請你幫我保留個位置好嗎？故答案選D。答案D表示對目前或將來情況的推測往往用“情態(tài)動詞動詞原形”這種結構。1can用于肯定句中有時可以用來表示推測，意為“有時會”；用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant 意為“不可能”，語氣很強烈。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was l

15、ate for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很準時，他怎么可能開會遲到呢？The story cant be true.這個故事不可能是真的。2may用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測，意為“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語氣。may在疑問句中不能表示推測。Peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我們一起來，但他還沒確定。3must 表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can)。He must be

16、 ill.He looks so pale.他準是病了，他的臉色蒼白。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.“這是辦公室！所以你一定知道這里不許吃東西。”O(jiān)h，sorry.“噢，對不起?！?should 用來表示推測時意為“應該”，即含有“按道理來說應當如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因為你在駕校訓練了那么多

17、，通過路考應該沒什么困難。5表示對現在正在發(fā)生的事情進行推測要用“情態(tài)動詞be現在分詞”這種結構。這種結構在高考題中出現的次數不太多，但也提醒考生注意。My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.現在我母親一定正在花園里澆花。The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻學生們有可能正在爬山。1(2011全國) They_have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.AwillBcanCmus

18、t Dshould解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“他們本該午飯時到達，但他們的航班推遲了。”will have done將來可以完成；can have done可能做過嗎？表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句；must have done一定做過某事，表示對過去事情的肯定推測；should have done本來應該做某事，而實際沒做。but their flight was delayed這樣的結果，說明他們本來該到達卻沒有到達，因此選D。答案 D2(2011江蘇)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a r

19、ailway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“我把我的手提包落在火車上了。但幸運的是，有人拾到交給了鐵路部門。失而復得，簡直難以置信！我是說，本來可能有人會偷了去。” will have done將來可以完成，must have done一 定做過某事，表示對過去事情的肯定推測，都與題意不符。should have

20、 done本來應該做某事，而實際沒做，這就意味著希望有人偷包。might have stolen 過去可能做過，語氣比較婉轉或不肯定，根據句意選B。答案 B 3(2010山東)I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我本不應該看那部電影它會令我做噩夢。shouldnt have done sth.本不該做某事卻做了。neednt have done sth.本不需要做某事卻做了。couldnt have done sth.不可能做過某事。

21、答案A4(2010天津)Mark_have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析本題考查情態(tài)動詞。從句子語境可知，Mark做了本沒必要做的事，應用neednt have done，故選A項。其他幾個選項都不能表達此意。答案A5(2010上海)Sorry，Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh，you_have done it as yesterday wa

22、s the deadline.Amust BmustntCshould Dshouldnt解析考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：“對不起，史密斯教授，昨天我沒有完成作業(yè)?！薄澳惚緫撏瓿傻?，因為昨天是最后的期限。”四個選項中B項不能與have done連用，故排除；must have done意為“肯定做了”，表推測，說明說話人對所推測的事情把握較大；should have done 本應該做(實際上沒做)；shouldnt have done本不應該做(實際上做了)。由語境可知C項正確。答案C表示對過去發(fā)生的情況或存在的狀態(tài)的推測常用“情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞”這種結構。1can/could have d

23、one表示“本來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere.“你知道大衛(wèi)在哪里嗎？我到處找不到他。 Well.He cant have gone farhis coats still here.“大衛(wèi)的上衣還在這里，因此他肯定沒走遠?！盩he accident could have been avoided.這場事故本來是可以避免的。2may/might have

24、done表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。Sorry，Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.對不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關掉后又睡著了。3must have done表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定，想必”，語氣十分肯定。He must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself

25、 by the seaside.他一定是已經完成工作了，否則他不會在海邊玩得那么高興了。4ought to/should have done表示過去本來應該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；shouldnt have done表示過去本來不應該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責備的意味。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我現在覺得肚子疼，我剛才真不應該吃那么多的炸雞的。5neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。Catherine，I

26、 have cleaned the room for you.“Catherine，我已替你打掃了房間。”Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it myself.“謝謝。你本來不必做，我自己可以做的?！?(2011北京)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“

27、孩子們哪兒去了？這頓飯快要吃不起來了。我但愿他們不要老是遲到?！眞ish引出虛擬語氣，題干中出現always，從句虛擬使用一般過去時。選A。答案 A2(2011北京)Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would studyC. had studied D. was studying解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“或許當初我要是學了理科而不是文科，現在就能給你更多的幫助?！眛hen表示過去的時間，if引導的從句是對過去的虛擬，因此使用過去

28、完成時。選C。答案C3(2011天津)I_sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“我本來可以早點來，但我真不知道他們在等我?！眀ut I didnt know表示了過去時間，因此前句是對過去的虛擬，用主語should / would / could / might have done表達，故選D。答案 D4(2011福建)Pity you missed the lecture on

29、nuclear pollution.I_it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.Aattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“真可惜你錯過了那場有關核污染的講座。我本可以去聽的，但我當時忙于工作面試。”對過去的虛擬，用主語should / would / could / might have done表達，故選D。答案 D5(2011陜西)I_through that bitter period without your generou

30、s help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone解析考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意為“沒有你的慷慨幫助，我是不可能度過那段痛苦的時期的。”that bitter period表示過去的時間，對過去的虛擬語氣用主語should / would / could / might have done表達，故選A。答案 A虛擬語氣考查的常常是習慣用法、特別的句型以及和情態(tài)動詞的使用聯系起來。有關虛擬語氣要注意以下兩大方面： 1在非真實條件句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣非真實條件句有以下三類：(1)與現在事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動

31、詞形式如下：從句：過去式主句：would/should/could/might動詞原形。(2)與過去事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動詞形式如下：從句：過去完成時主句：would/should/could/might have過去分詞。 (3)與將來事實相反的非真實條件句，謂語動詞形式如下：從句：過去式/should動詞原形/were to動詞原形。主句：would/should/could/might動詞原形?！緦＜姨嵝选?1)若條件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主語前，形成倒裝結構，這種結構主要用于書面語中。Had you taken

32、 my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會考試不及格了。(2)有時主句和虛擬條件從句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，此時，主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據各自所指的不同時間選擇適當的動詞形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你現在就會感到很累的。(從句指過去，主句指現在)(3)有時虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達出來，而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示，此時句子的時態(tài)要依具體情況而定。Without electricity(If th

33、ere were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果沒有電，今天的生活就會完全不同。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)，I couldnt have finished it.要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there wit

34、h them.)我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。2虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應用(1)用在suggest，order，demand，ask，command，propose，request，insist等動詞后面的賓語從句中。(2)用在wish后面的賓語從句中。(3)用在以as if/as though引起的從句中。(4)用在以in order that，so that引起的目的狀語從句中。(5)用在以it is(high)time引起的從句中。(6)用在混合時間條件句中：主句和從句不一定用指同一時間的動詞。如：If I had learned French，I would be able

35、 to interpret for our French friends.如果我以前學過法語，現在我就能給法國朋友當翻譯了。(7) would rather句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望，意為“寧愿，但愿”。如：Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。(8)無主句條件句。如：If only I had been more careful!我要是再仔細一點就好了！1“ Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he_answer for it if he goes on

36、behaving like that.”A. shallB. willC. would D. can【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高xA。shall 用作情態(tài)動詞主要有以下兩個用法：(1) 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍悖縎hall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開嗎？(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類人稱)。如：You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)Each competitor shall wear a num

37、ber. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。(表規(guī)定)You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。(表允諾)請做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：(1)“ I promise that she_get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”A. should B. mustC. would D. shall2. You_pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is

38、so important.A. cannot B. shouldntC. mustnt D. neednt【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高xA。cannot.too.是英語中一個十分有用的表達，意為“不可能太，無論怎樣也不算過分，越越”。如：You cant be too careful. 你越仔細越好。You cant praise the book too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚。We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^頭的。A woman cannot have too many clot

39、hes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。注：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train？”“He should, but he_not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. canC. need D. may【易誤分析】可能誤選B或C?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢笧镈。may 表推測，may not 意為“可能不(會坐火車來)”。句中的 He should 為 He sho

40、uld come by train 之省略，由于其后出現轉折連詞 but，說明語意有變化，再結合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D。注意，不能選B，因為can表示推測時通常不用肯定陳述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It_ true because there was little snow there.”A. may not be B. wont beC. couldnt be D. mustnt be【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉看祟}最佳答

41、案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語境所決定，既然“沒下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應是“不可能”，所以選 couldnt be，即選C。5. You_be right, but I dont think you are.A. can B. couldC. must D. should【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【名師指津】從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學想當然地選了A，認為整個句子為現在時態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A。按照英語語法，情態(tài)動詞can 用于推測表示可能

42、性時，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測時，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉，所以答案選B。 注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實際上未必會發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會犯錯誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)形容詞”，表示“有時會”、“時常會”等。如：My father can be ver

43、y unreasonable. 我父親有時候很不講道理。6. I forget where I read the article, or I_it to you now. A. will show B. would showC. am going to show D. am showing 【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉空_答案選B。根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 orif I didnt forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話但事實上忘了)。7. “It looks as if he w

44、ere drunk.” “So it does._.”A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢笧镈。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的

45、最佳答案是D。8. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. areC. will D. would【易誤分析】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前后兩句的動詞性質應一致；選C者，認為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態(tài)?！久麕熤附颉看祟}最佳答案為D。分析如下：(1)“so助動詞主語”是一個很有用的結構，它表示“也一樣”時。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。When animals and plants disappe

46、ar, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。9. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he_the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is comingC. came D. had come【易誤分析】容易誤選A或B。根據上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明

47、空白處應填一個一般將來時態(tài)。【名師指津】但此題的最佳答案是 C。按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現在就離開。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我寧愿他沒告訴我這事。10_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was

48、 he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up【易誤分析】容易誤選 D?！久麕熤附颉空_答案應選B。之所以不能選D，是因為時態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, price

49、s would come down. If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。1. The two strangers talked as if they_friends for years.A. should beB. would b

50、eC. have been D. had been解析 從句子中時態(tài)talked可知as if引導的從句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，另外for years也是判斷此答案的重要信息。答案D2_it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. ShouldC. Would D. Will解析 為虛擬語氣的倒裝句，相當于 If it should rain tomorrow 萬一明天下雨。答案B3. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the

51、earth at night_， too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly解析 此題考查的是虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句，所謂含蓄條件句就是條件從句并非是用if引導的從句來表示的，而是通過上下文或介詞短語來表示的。如：Under favorable conditions, we could have finished the work ahead of time. 要是在更有利的條件下，我們就會提前完成這

52、項工作。He could have come, but he was busy then. If he had not been busy then, he could have come.答案A4. If only he_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie解析 此題考查的是虛擬語氣的錯綜時間條件句，從句和主句在時間上不一致，從句所表示的是與過去事實相反的虛擬，而主句表示的是與現在事實相反的虛擬。答案C5. We cou

53、ld have gone there by bus.Yes, otherwise we_late.A. werent B. hadnt beenC. couldnt be D. couldnt have been解析 We could have gone there by bus 意為“我們本來是能夠坐汽車去那里”，但實際上并沒有坐汽車去那里，相當于 We didnt go there by bus。若將這一真實情況變成一個與事實相反的假設，則為If we had gone there by bus, we couldnt have been late。答案D6. The teacher de

54、manded that the exam_before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished解析 在表示請求、命令、建議、要求的詞后的從句中應使用(should)動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式。如：He suggested that we be there in time.答案C7. I wouldnt have succeeded_for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it notC. had it been not D. had it

55、not been解析 此題考查對虛擬語氣倒裝的掌握。if it werent for.和if it hadnt been for.表示“多虧，要不是的情況下”，也可用but for短語來表示。這兩個句型倒裝時僅需記住一句話：not總在“之后”。如：We wouldnt have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的幫助，我們就不能完成這項工作。答案D8. If it _for the snow, we_the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were n

56、ot, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb解析 根據yesterday這一信息詞，可判斷是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。答案C9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_something she would regret later.A. had said B. saidC. might say D. might have said解析 此題考查虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句，相當于 If Jane ha

57、d not walked away from the discussion, she might have said something she would regret later.答案D10. Id rather he_here.A. come B. comesC. came D. will come解析 would rather (not)do .接省去to的不定式。would rather后接從句，從句應用虛擬語氣，謂語常用過去式。答案C11. One things for sure, the fire_by some cigarette butts. A. might cause B

58、. could have caused C. must have been caused D. should be caused解析 句意是：有一件事是肯定的：這場火災一定是由一些香煙頭引起的。由題干中的sure可知，此處要用把握性大的must have been caused。A項用于對現在或將來的情況進行推測，B項把握性不大，意為“可能了”。should have caused不用于推測，意為“本應該做某事”。答案C12. You _finish the report tonight if youre too tired，Tomorrow afternoon is the deadline

59、.A. shouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 解析 句意是：如果你累了的話，就不必今天晚上寫完這個報告。明天下午是期限。根據句意可知，此處應該表示必要性，故用neednt。shouldnt“不應該”；cant“不能；不可能；不可以”；mustnt“不許”。答案D13Where is Bob? I cannot find him anywhere.He_have been off long. I heard him make a call just now.A. shouldnt B. cantC. mustnt D. neednt解析 句意是：“鮑勃在哪里？

60、我到處找他都沒找到?！薄八豢赡茏吡恕Ｎ覄偛胚€聽見他打電話了?！贝司涫菍σ寻l(fā)生或還沒有發(fā)生的情況進行否定的推測，故用cant have done形式。答案B14. You_the chance to go abroad if you had applied for it earlier.A. would get B. should getC. could have got D. should have got解析 句意是：如果你早申請的話，就可能有機會去國外了。此句是一個與過去的事實相反的說法，故用could have got表示“本來會；本來能夠”。要注意should have got表示“

61、本應該”。答案C15Why do you ask me to do the difficult work?Because you_do such a thing and nobody else is fit for it.A. would B. shouldC. can D. may解析句意是：“你為什么要我做這項艱難的工作?！薄耙驗槟隳軌蜃瞿菢拥氖虑椋鴽]有任何其他的人能夠?！贝司湟胏an表示能力。答案C16. You cant imagine that a top student_have failed in the college entrance examination.A. mig

62、ht B. needC. should D. would解析 句意是：你想象不到，一位一流的學生竟然高考落榜了。此句要用should表示說話者出乎預料的心情，意為“竟然”。答案C17. Anne, if your leg_become more painful, do not hesitate to call me.A. may B. wouldC. could D. should解析 句意是：Anne，如果你的腿萬一疼得厲害的話，請立刻給我打電話。此句要用should表示可能性，意為“萬一”，常用于條件狀語從句。答案D18. I tried to call on you last week

63、but your dog simply_not let me come through the gate.A. could B. shouldC. might D. would 解析 句意是：我上一周試圖來拜訪你，但你家的狗簡直就是不讓我進門。此句要用would not表示情愿，意為“不愿意”。答案D19Are you going to try the media?Well, I havent decided yet. I_find some other choices.A. would B. shouldC. must D. might解析 句意是：“你準備嘗試一下媒體嗎？”“唉，我還沒有做

64、好決定。我或許找另外某個方法?！贝司湟胢ight表示沒有太大把握的可能性。答案D20Morning! Is there anything special in your mind?Yes .Here is the Lipton tea. Where can I find coffee?OK. That_also be on this shelf, across from the tea, madam.A. would B. couldC. might D. should解析 句意是：“早晨好！你有什么特別的需要嗎？” “是的，利普頓茶葉在這兒了。咖啡在哪兒呢？”“夫人，它也應當在這個櫥子上，在茶那邊?！贝司湟胹hould表示推測，意為“應該”，在語氣上沒有must大，但比can, could, may, might大。答案D