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1、Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)一、一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞HAVE/HAS(NOT) +V-ED（過(guò)去分（過(guò)去分詞）詞）I _(finish) the composition already. He _(learn) English for three years. We/You/ They. She.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及

2、過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。 She has gone. (She has gone. (她走了。她走了。) )從這句話中動(dòng)詞所用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可從這句話中動(dòng)詞所用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以看出以看出“走走”的動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，而的動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果是她不在這里了。對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果是她不在這里了。 He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French. ( (他學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)

3、。他學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)。) )這句話所說(shuō)明的結(jié)果是他現(xiàn)在懂法語(yǔ)。這句話所說(shuō)明的結(jié)果是他現(xiàn)在懂法語(yǔ)。Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。)這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。這種用法常與這種用法常與ALREADY, JUST, YET, EVER, NEVER, BEFORE(句末句末)等連用等連用. I _ (do) my homework already. He _(not finished) his homework

4、yet. _you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii? We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before. Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in. They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced注意：當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有注意：當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否

5、定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要把句中的時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film yet. I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet. I have seen the film already. 用法用法2：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延：

6、表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來(lái)續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來(lái)Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.切記有些動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)的，在此用法中切記有些動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)的，在此用法中要換成其相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：要換成其相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： buy borrow open close leave die join begin -have - keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on 標(biāo)志詞：標(biāo)志詞：FOR +一段

7、時(shí)間一段時(shí)間, SINCE+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn), THESE YEARS, SO FAR, IN THE PAST/LAST YEARSWe _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.They _(write) 15 songs so far.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenha

8、s grown1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去過(guò)上海。她以前曾去過(guò)上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去

9、上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)生過(guò)這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。生過(guò)這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。 他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。他已學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。 He studied English for five years. （說(shuō)明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）（說(shuō)明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去） （只說(shuō)明他

10、過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。）（只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 遇到遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過(guò)過(guò)去某一年，去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)等就用一般過(guò)去時(shí) 當(dāng)有當(dāng)有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在在過(guò)去過(guò)去/最近的幾年里最近的幾年里)，since接過(guò)去時(shí)間接過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.Bye-bye!Bye-bye!