《高三英語總復習 語法專項突破四 非謂語動詞 動詞不定式課件 北師大版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高三英語總復習 語法專項突破四 非謂語動詞 動詞不定式課件 北師大版（86頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、語法專項突破語法專項突破(四四)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞動詞不定式動詞不定式 一、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)to have been goingto have been making完成進行式(發(fā)生在謂語動作之前并且一直持續(xù)到謂語動作發(fā)生時，仍在進行)to have goneto have been madeto have made完成式(發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)to be goingto be making進行式(在謂語動作發(fā)生時正在進行)to goto be madeto make一般式(與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生)動詞不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)不及物動詞及物動詞 及物與不及物類別 時態(tài) 語態(tài)

2、【特別提醒】1. 當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you got anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？(不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2. 不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon with?

3、 (A knife cuts the watermelon.)你有切西瓜的刀子嗎？3. 不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時不定式多用主動形式。This book is difficult to understand.這本書很難懂。4. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.)有很多工作要做。(某人去做)There is a lot of work to be d

4、one. (The work has to be done.)有很多工作有待被做。(強調(diào)工作被做) 二、動詞不定式的句法功能We could do nothing but wait.We have no choice but to wait.We cant choose but wait.不定式在介詞but, except, besides后面時，如果介詞之前為動詞do的某種形式，則后接不帶to的不定式，否則帶to。此外，cannot choose but和cannot help but, cannot but等后面的不定式也省略toThe boy pretended to have fall

5、en asleep.They refused to take him back.不定式作賓語時，往往跟在某些及物動詞后面。常見的有：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等賓語My goal is to be a scientist.表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責和性質(zhì)”等表語Its very hard to learn an art.常用it作形式主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)主語動詞不定式典句例示要點 功能類別動詞不定式賓語不定式作動詞的賓語，其后跟補足語時，常用it作形式賓語，而把不定式后置I make

6、 it a rule to do tai chi every morning.tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss等動詞可跟“疑問詞+不定式”。He showed us how to do the work.定語不定式和所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就要有相應(yīng)的介詞I have a meeting to attend.He has a nice pen to write with.不定式與被修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系She is always the first to c

7、ome to school.說明所修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容，與該詞存在同位關(guān)系。常用于chance, opportunity, time, money, decision, refusal, wish, right等詞后I must keep the promise to pay within a month.動詞不定式賓語補足語此類動詞有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, teach, tell, order等Its hard to persuade Dad to give up smokin

8、g.動詞不定式作動詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官動詞以及have, let, make等使役動詞后面的賓語補足語時，不定式符號to要省略。但如果這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，必須帶toI heard my neighbour lock the door.I will have all my friends come over this weekend.My neighbour was heard to lock the door.動詞不定式狀語動詞不定式作狀語時，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等She did all she could to save

9、him.They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.目的狀語還可以用in order to或so as to來表示，但so as to不能置于句首，only to do, so . as to do和such . as to do中的不定式均作結(jié)果狀語In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.He was so angry as to be unable to speak.【特別提醒】1.不定式的否定形式的構(gòu)成：動詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符號“to”前直接加上not，有時為了強調(diào)也可以

10、用否定詞never來否定。Its wrong of you not to go to school on time.你不按時上學是不對的。2.在“be+性質(zhì)形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。常見的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。三、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，就是分詞或不定式有自己的獨立主語，可以不與句子的主語保持一致。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。此結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中起原因

11、、方式、時間、條件、伴隨情況狀語從句的作用。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)與句子的主體部分分隔開來。其功能和用法見下表：表現(xiàn)形式意義典句例示名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進行，過去分詞表被動或已經(jīng)完成Weather permitting, well go out for a walk. Homework finished, the boy went out to play.不定式表將來，計劃安排要做的事The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight.形容詞/副詞表示名詞或代詞所處的狀態(tài)Our lessons (be

12、ing) over, we went to play football.介詞短語表位置The girl is walking in the field, packet on the back.with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進行They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.過去分詞表被動或完成She had to walk home with her bike stolen.不定式表將來I cant go out to play with so much homework to do.形容詞表狀態(tài)He u

13、sed to sleep with windows open.副詞表狀態(tài)He went up to sleep with lights on.介詞短語表位置The children came running toward us, with flowers in their hands.非謂語動詞用法比較非謂語動詞用法比較一、非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是其邏輯主語。高考考查過去分詞作狀語時，作狀語的過去分詞一般位于句首，而且該分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語的用法1. 過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進一步說明謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)，即動作發(fā)生時的背景或

14、狀況；其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者，過去分詞與主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。Built in the Ming Dynasty, the building is still in good condition.雖然建于明代，但這座建筑仍然狀況良好。(build和the building之間是動賓關(guān)系)Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 倘若給予更多的關(guān)注，這些樹會生長得更好。2. 某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)

15、，這樣的詞有：lost“迷路的”； seated“坐”； hidden“躲”； stationed“駐扎”； lost / absorbed in“沉溺于”； dressed in“穿著”； tired of“感到厭倦”等，不管它們作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room. 專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進入房間。Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿著紅色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語，這

16、時該動詞與句子的主語之間往往存在主謂關(guān)系。As the light turned green， I stood for a moment, not moving, and asked myself what I was going to do.當燈變綠色時，我站了一會兒，不動，并且自問自己要做什么。They entered the theatre, talking and laughing.他們說笑著進了劇院。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、被動式、完成式和完成被動式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動的一般性的動作或者正在進行的動作；被動式(bein

17、g done)表示正在進行的被動的動作，完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的主動的動作；完成被動式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動的動作。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.沒有得到答復，他決定再寫信去。The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, came back to his motherland.在國外工作了二十年后，這位老人回到了祖國。(work與句子的主語the old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系，而且w

18、ork這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)Having won the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.因為獲得了冠軍，他被獎勵100萬美元。 3. 有一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：generally speaking, according to, judging from / by等，無論主語是什么都用這種形式作狀語。 Generally speaking, children like playing in the fields.一般來說，孩子們喜歡在田野里玩。Judging from what he said, he must be an hone

19、st man.從他說的話來判斷，他一定是一位誠實的人。 4. 一些考生在做題過程中不知道應(yīng)該選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語?，F(xiàn)在教大家一個行之有效的方法：作狀語時，是用動詞-ing形式還是用過去分詞，取決于該動詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用動詞-ing形式；如果是意義上的動賓關(guān)系，則一般用過去分詞。請記住下面的例子，并細心體會。注意：句子的主語改變了，分詞的形式也要相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化。Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語the pa

20、rk之間存在動賓關(guān)系) Seeing from the top of the hill， we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)不定式作狀語的用法不定式作狀語時相當于一個狀語從句，不定式作狀語時往往用來作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或原因狀語。1. 不定式用來作目的狀語：作目的狀語時，不定式的邏輯主語通常也是全句的主語，這里往往譯作“為了；想要”。To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成為贏家，你要

21、付出所有并竭盡全力。2. 不定式用于：so . as to . ; such . as to; enough to . ; too . to; only to等結(jié)構(gòu)中往往用來作結(jié)果狀語。He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票已經(jīng)賣完了。(“only + to do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，tell和主語he之間存在動賓關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。)【注意】 不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而

22、現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成為孤兒。3. 不定式與形容詞連用時，大多表示原因，用來作原因狀語。這些形容詞主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。Im very glad to hear the news.聽到這個消息我非常高興。二、非謂語動詞作定語1. 要解答好這類題目，第一步判斷該動詞與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系，如果是動賓關(guān)系就要用表示被動的非謂語形

23、式(過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，不定式的被動式)，如果是主謂關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞或動詞不定式；第二步看動作發(fā)生的時間，如果沒有確定的時間，一般情況下動賓關(guān)系用過去分詞，主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進行。China is a developing country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。Be quiet. Theres a sleeping baby.安靜點，這兒有一個正在睡覺的孩子。3. 過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。The developed countries al

24、so need help from any other country in the world.發(fā)達國家也需要世界上其他國家的幫助。“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.“失去的東西再也不會回來!”我情不自禁地自言自語。4. 動詞不定式作定語多表示將來動作。The problem to be discussed is of great importance.要討論的這個問題很重要。三、非謂語動詞作賓補1. 過去分詞作賓語補足語：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，該動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。Ill have m

25、y house painted tomorrow.明天我會讓人把我的房子粉刷一下。When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.當我打開門時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被落葉所覆蓋。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時，該動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語強調(diào)正在進行中的主動動作，即動作過程的一部分?？梢詭в羞@種復合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。He saw a boy getting on the bus.他

26、看見一個男孩正在上公交車。(強調(diào)動作在進行)Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.詹妮發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個錢包。(主動)3. 不定式作賓語補足語：不定式作賓語補足語，該動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系，表示動作已完成。I hear him sing a song.我聽到他唱了一首歌。四、非謂語動詞作賓語1. 常接v.-ing作賓語的動詞。suggest, advise, finish, practise, dislike, enjoy, consider, appreciate, imagine, excuse, delay, miss, forbid, per

27、mit, allow, mind, escape, avoid,為了便于記憶，有人編成了順口溜：建議完成練習，不喜歡考慮感激，想象原諒過錯，不允許介意逃避。常接v.-ing作賓語的短語：feel like, devote . to . , get used to, look forward to, object to, set about, put off等。2. 常接不定式作賓語的動詞。afford“負擔得起”, agree“同意”, decide“決定”, determine“決定”, expect“期望”, hope“希望”, manage“設(shè)法”, refuse“拒絕”, want“想

28、”, wish“希望”, offer“提供”, pretend“假裝”, promise“許諾”, choose“選擇”, fail“失敗”, long“渴望”等。3. 可用動名詞,也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別不大的動詞begin“開始”, continue“繼續(xù)”, like“喜歡”, love“喜愛”, prefer“寧愿”, start“開始”, hate“討厭”等。4. 可用動名詞，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞。forgetto do sth.忘記去做某事(未做)doing sth.忘記做過某事(已做)regretto do sth.對即將做的事表示遺憾(未做) doin

29、g sth.對做過的事表示后悔(已做)tryto do sth.盡力去做某事doing sth.試著做某事go onto do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事5. 動詞want, need, require意為“需要”時，后面跟動名詞主動式或動詞不定式的被動式作賓語區(qū)別不大。The flowers need / want / require watering / to be watered. 這些花需要澆水。rememberto do sth.記著去做某事(未做)doing sth.記著做了某事(已做)meanto do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味著

30、做某事6. 在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit后面直接跟動名詞作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則應(yīng)構(gòu)成“allow / advise / forbid / permit+名詞/代詞+動詞不定式(作賓語補足語)”。We dont allow smoking here.我們不允許在這里吸煙。We dont allow anyone to smoke here.我們不允許有人在這里吸煙。五、非謂語動詞作表語1. 當現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞通常表示“某事/物令人感到”，而過去分詞則

31、表示某人的感受，意為“感到的”。這樣的詞常見的有：interesting“有趣的”, interested“感興趣的”； exciting“令人興奮的”, excited“感到興奮的”； disappointing“令人失望的”， disappointed“感到失望的”等。這類現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，一般是物作主語；而過去分詞作表語時，則一般是人作主語。The story sounds interesting.那個故事聽起來有趣。She is interested in the story.她對那個故事感興趣。2. 動詞不定式作表語時往往表示具體的動作或表示將來的動作。My job is to cl

32、ean the house three times a week.我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。六、have, get后接三種形式作賓補have, get表示“使、讓、叫”，后接三種形式作賓補。1. have sth. done=get sth. done使/讓某事由別人去做(叫/讓某人做某事)Ill have / get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(請人)修一下我的自行車。Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生在度假期間，他家的房子被別人破門而入。2. Th

33、e captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。 【注意】 have sb. doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。 I wont have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。have sb./ sth. doing使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事 (v.-ing形式表主動，正在進行)get sb./ sth. doing使某人/物開始行動起來 3. Mother had me

34、 go to the shop and buy some salt. 媽媽讓我去商店買些食鹽。have sb. do sth.get sb. to do sth.使/讓/叫某人去做某事七、動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的比較1. 動詞不定式表示一次性的、具體的動作。動名詞常表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的動作。如：However, buying a pen that youll enjoy is not difficult if you keep the following in mind.然而，如果你記住以下這些，買一支自己喜歡的鋼筆并不難。Its necessary to discuss the p

35、roblem with an experienced teacher.和一位有經(jīng)驗的老師討論一下這個問題很有必要。2. 不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，即用句型：It is + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.如：It would be easy for you to keep him happy, he said.他說，你讓他高興很容易。F高考體驗1. (2012遼寧)This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operatingB. to be op

36、eratingC. operated D. to operate答案 D解析 句意：這臺機器很容易操作。任何人幾分鐘就能學會操作。不定式作表語形容詞的狀語, 表示在哪一方面存在這個形容詞表示的情況或產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。本題結(jié)構(gòu)可換為It is very easy to operate the machine.。或To operate the machine is very easy.。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式要用主動式且要用及物動詞或不及物動詞+介詞。故此處D項正確。2. (2012山東)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had

37、left him.A. to be told B. tellingC. being told D. told答案 A解析 句意：喬治戰(zhàn)后回來, 卻被告知妻子已離他而去了。only + to do sth.表示意想不到的結(jié)果；doing表示自然的結(jié)果。3. (2012陜西)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meetingC. meet D. to meet答案 D解析 句意：如果接受這份工作, 除了接受更大的挑戰(zhàn)之外他別無選擇。have no c

38、hoice but to do sth.“除了做某事之外別無選擇”。4. (2011天津)Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried答案 A解析 句意：乘客只被允許帶一件手提行李登機。該題考查permit的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允許做某事)的用法。動詞不定式在permit sb. to do中作賓語補足語, 但在be permitted to do中

39、作主語補足語?？膳懦鼴、D選項。根據(jù)passengers與carry之間的主動關(guān)系可確定選A項。5. (2011浙江)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered答案 C解析 句意：如果他們今晚贏得了決賽, 這個隊就會全城游行, 接受熱情支持者們的喝彩。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知, _ by their enthu

40、siastic supporters在句中作伴隨狀語, 空格后的by提示cheer與the team之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系, 且事情還沒有發(fā)生, 所以用動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)形式。6. (2011北京)Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated答案 A解析 句意：對數(shù)字進行定期地更新非常重要。分析題干可知update與the figures之間為動賓關(guān)系, 故排除C、D兩項；又因為這里談及的是日常規(guī)律性的事情, 因此應(yīng)

41、該用一般式, 故排除B項。7. (2011重慶)More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised答案 A解析 句意：據(jù)政府官員所說, 更多的電視節(jié)目將會被制作, 以提高人們對食品安全的關(guān)注。動詞不定式表示目的, 而且動作為將來, 因此選A項。8. (2011四川)Simon made a big bamboo box _ the

42、 little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep答案 D解析 句意：西蒙做了一個大竹箱子來養(yǎng)這只生病的小鳥, 直到它能飛。根據(jù)句意可確定此處缺少目的狀語。動詞不定式to keep可表示目的。9. (2011江蘇)Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. compare

43、sD. being compared答案 B解析 句意：最近, 在兩家不同超市對相同商品進行的一次價格比較調(diào)查引起了市民熱烈的討論。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 句子謂語動詞為has caused,故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞形式, 來充當a survey的后置定語。a survey與compare之間存在主動關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。實際上現(xiàn)在分詞短語comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets相當于定語從句which / that compares .。10. (2011重慶)Michael put up a pictu

44、re of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind答案 C解析 句意：邁克爾在床邊掛了姚明的一張照片來提醒他自己他的夢想。本題考查“keep+賓語+v.-ing”和“keep+賓語+v.-ed”用法辨析, 選擇用v.-ing還是v.-ed, 要根據(jù)賓語與動詞之間的關(guān)系而定, 如果它們之間為主動關(guān)系, 則用v.-ing, 如果為被動關(guān)系, 則用v.-ed。himself與remind之間存在被動關(guān)系, 故選C。11. (201

45、0全國卷)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought答案 B解析 句意：父親節(jié)就要來了，我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢以便給父親買禮物。不定式可以作目的狀語，且動作還沒有發(fā)生，故正確答案為B。12. (2010山東)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to comp

46、leteC. completedD. being completed答案 B解析 句意：這個學期結(jié)束前，我要做很多閱讀練習。由于時間狀語before the end of this term表示未來的時間，所以空格處使用動詞不定式表示將來，充當readings的定語。13. (2010上海)That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce答案 B解析 句意：這是我們唯一能想出的減少學生浴室過度用水的

47、方法。the only way后有兩個定語we can imagine；一個不定式短語to reduce .。14. (2010重慶)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired答案 D解析 句意：這個城市的很多建筑都需要修繕，但是最先需要修繕的是圖書館。the one指代前面提到的buildings與repair是動賓關(guān)系，由前半句房屋需要修繕可知修繕這個動作發(fā)生在ne

48、ed之后，所以用to be repaired。15. (2009山東)We are invited to a party _ in our club next Firday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding答案 A解析 句意：我們被邀請參加下周五在我們俱樂部舉行的一個聚會。party和hold之間為被動關(guān)系，next Friday是將來時間，故正確答案為A。16. (2009全國卷)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. loo

49、ked at B. to look atC. to looking atD. look at答案 B解析 句意：當那個著名的女演員走進教室，孩子們都回過身看她。句中缺少目的狀語，故選擇不定式to look at。17. (2009天津)_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompletingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete答案 D解析 句意：為了及時完成這項工程，員工們周末都在工作。句中缺少原因狀語，且complete這個動作還沒有完成

50、，故正確答案為D。18. (2009江蘇)Schools across China are expected to hire 50 000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures.A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped答案 C解析 句意：今年全國的學校預計招聘5萬名大學畢業(yè)生作為臨時教師以幫助減輕失業(yè)壓力，這個數(shù)字

51、幾乎是去年的三倍。句中缺少原因狀語，且help這一個動作還沒有發(fā)生，故正確答案為C。19. (2009上海)David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported答案 C解析 句意：大衛(wèi)威脅他的鄰居，如果損失得不到賠償，他就會報警。threaten后跟不定式作賓語，根據(jù)句意可知report和David之間為主動關(guān)系，故正確答案為C。F模擬預測1. The project _ by

52、the end of 2013 will expand the citys telephone network to cover 2 000 000 users.A. accomplishedB. to be accomplishedC. being accomplishedD. having been accomplished答案 B解析 the project與accomplish之間為被動關(guān)系， by the end of 2013暗示動作還未發(fā)生，故用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語。2. Shanghai Disneyland Park, _ in 2015, will attract tou

53、rists from all over China then.A. to have been completedB. being completedC. completedD. to be completed答案 D解析 主句主語與complete之間是被動關(guān)系， in 2015暗示該動作還未發(fā)生，故用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語。3. (2013南寧一模)We hurried all the way to the airport, only _ that the flight had been called off because of the foggy weather.A. being tol

54、d B. to be toldC. having told D. to have been told答案 B解析 考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們一路匆匆忙忙地趕到機場, 結(jié)果卻被告知, 航班因有霧而被取消。此處不定式(only) to be told作狀語，表示結(jié)果，通常表示一個出乎意料的、令人失望的結(jié)果。4. (2013濟南一中階段測試)She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have pl

55、ayed B. to playC. to be played D. to be playing答案 B解析 句意：她將告訴我們?yōu)槭裁此龔娏业馗杏X到我們每個人都得盡一份力來讓地球成為一個更好的居住地。不定式作定語, 相當于play a role in making .。5. (2013浙江寧波十校聯(lián)考)I dont think it easy, even if we work hard, _ the South Korea and the North Korea to sit down to talk at present.A. persuadedB. to persuadeC. persuad

56、e D. persuading答案 B解析 句意：即便我們努力, 我認為眼下說服朝鮮和韓國坐下來會談也不容易。主句為：I dont think it easy to persuade the South Korea .,it作形式賓語, to persuade the South Korea .是真正的賓語。6. (2013山東淄博一模) You shouldnt have treated me that way. My heart is broken. Im sorry, Paul. I didnt mean _ you.A. hurtingB. to hurtC. hurtD. havin

57、g hurt答案 B解析 考查非謂語動詞。句意：你本不應(yīng)該那樣對待我。我的心都碎了。對不起, 保羅。我不是有意要傷害你。mean to do sth.“打算做某事”。7. (2013銀川模擬)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop答案 C解析 句意：我無法忍受和簡在同一個辦公室工作。她在工作時總是說個不停

58、。stand后跟doing作賓語；refuse后跟to do作賓語。8. Have you any letters _, sir? No, thanks. You may take a rest.A. to typeB. to be typedC. to be typingD. typed答案 B解析 句意：先生，您有信件需要打印嗎？沒有，謝謝。你可以休息一下了。have作“有”講時，其后的賓語常跟不定式作后置定語， letters和type之間為被動關(guān)系，故正確答案為B。9. (2013哈爾濱模擬) Have all the mysteries been cleared up? Almost

59、. But _ only one question _.A. there remains; answeredB. it remains; to be answeredC. there remains; to be answeredD. it remains; answered答案 C解析 句意：所有的謎團都已經(jīng)解開了嗎？差不多了。但是還有一個問題有待解答。there remains . 意為“還有”；question 和answer之間為被動關(guān)系，故正確答案為C。10. (2013寶雞模擬)Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons.

60、A. studyingB. to studyC. studyD. being studied答案 B解析 句意：每一分鐘都必須被利用起來學習我們的功課。句中缺少的是目的狀語，并不是make use of 的賓語，故正確答案為B。11. In the beauty competition, women are asked _ some of the exercises _ the music.A. performing; toB. performing; withC. to perform; toD. to perform; by答案 C解析 句意：在選美比賽中，女性被要求隨著音樂做一些動作。b

61、e asked to do “被要求做某事”；to the music“隨著音樂(的節(jié)奏)”。12. Teamwork is very important in modern society. _ an effective team member, you need to develop a teamwork attitude.A. BecomeB. BecomingC. Having becomeD. To become答案 D解析 句意：在現(xiàn)代社會中團隊合作非常重要。想要成為一名有效率的團隊成員，你需要培養(yǎng)團隊協(xié)作意識。不定式短語to become . 作目的狀語。13. There wi

62、ll be more than 750 projects _, creating nearly 40 000 jobs starting this summer, including 15 000 in a Youth Conservation Corps.A. startedB. to be startedC. startingD. to start答案 B解析 句意：今年夏天還有750多個項目即將啟動，將會創(chuàng)造將近4萬個工作崗位，其中包括一個青年保護團體中的1萬5千個職位。 根據(jù)there will be . 可知工程還未啟動，且projects和start之間為被動關(guān)系，故正確答案為B。

63、14. The girl came _ to the cinema only _ the tickets had been sold out.A. to run; tellingB. running; to be toldC. and ran; being toldD. running; to tell答案 B解析 句意：女孩跑著來到電影院卻被告知票已經(jīng)賣完了。第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞作came的伴隨狀語；第二空用不定式作狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。15. Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies to _ with a

64、better education.A. equipB. equippingC. be equippedD. being equipped答案 C解析 句意：我們班的大多數(shù)學生都愿意努力學習好有一個更好的未來。本題并不是考查prefer doing to doing，而是考查take pains to do“盡心做某事”，to be equipped with . 是目的狀語。16. If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company _.A. to be complete

65、d; will be finedB. is completed; is finedC. being completed; will be finedD. completed; is being fined答案 A解析 句意：如果推遲定于本月底完工的建筑工程的話，建筑公司就會被罰款。由by the end of this month可知應(yīng)用不定式表將來，而the building project和complete又構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。17. Having bought a new car, _ to tell my wife the good news.A. a phone ca

66、ll was madeB. a phone call was neededC. I made a phone callD. I would make a phone call答案 C解析 句意：買了新車之后，我打電話告訴妻子這個好消息?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語就應(yīng)是句子的主語，結(jié)合時態(tài)可知正確答案為C。18. Does Shelly like shopping? Well, she would rather spend time _ at home than _ in the street.A. read; wanderB. reading; wanderC. in reading; to wander D. reading; to wander答案 B解析 句意：雪莉喜歡購物嗎？與在大街上閑逛相比，她更愿意在家里讀書。根據(jù)would rather do than do句型，可知第二空應(yīng)該用wander，故排除C、D兩項；另外，根據(jù)spend+一段時間+(in)+動名詞，可知第一空需用reading，故答案為B項。19. _ to a university in the UK,