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1、一般結(jié)構(gòu)一般結(jié)構(gòu) to do 否定結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu)not to do 1. 作主語作主語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語4. 作定語作定語5. 作狀語作狀語6. 作表語作表語7. 作獨立成分作獨立成分8. 與疑問詞等連用與疑問詞等連用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主語主語不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.is

2、is(2). 表語表語I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 賓語賓語think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboa

3、rd.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的的各種形式各

4、種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定語語(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不

5、定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語之后。且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關(guān)系：關(guān)系：(1)動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。他總是第一個來。 (3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系 We all have a chance to go to

6、college. 我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。2. 不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定作的地點工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定式后面仍須有式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞相應(yīng)的介詞。 3. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他沒錢沒地方住。他沒錢沒地方住。請給我一支寫字的筆請給我一支寫字的筆.Please give me a pen to w

7、rite with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：注意比較：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的的me或

8、或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,關(guān)于小品詞關(guān)于小品詞to (1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要下文要 省略該動詞省略該動詞. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to

9、 be a teacher? Id like to be.不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。語、賓語等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道說什么。他不知道說什么。( (賓語賓語) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解決這個問題很重要。如何解決這個問題很重要。( (主語主語) ) My question is w

10、hen to start. .我的問題是什么時我的問題是什么時候開始。候開始。( (表語表語) )注意：注意：在與在與whywhy連用時，只用于連用時，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not開頭的簡開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶toto。 Why not have a rest?1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +t

11、o + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（過去式）句子（過去式） （虛擬語氣）（虛擬語氣） 要做要做1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The Arctic is considered

12、 _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being3.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off4. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school f

13、or children to studyC. studying school D. school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished6._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made7. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read