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1、倒裝句倒裝句倒裝有兩種考法：1.放在單項(xiàng)選擇題中，單純考查考生的倒裝是否熟練掌握；2. 放在完形填空和閱讀理解中，設(shè)置理解障礙。一、完全倒裝將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部提到主語(yǔ)之前。常見情況有：1. 表方位的副詞here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等標(biāo)志詞放在句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用be, come, go等。There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children. Away went the boy. 【注意】當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序不變。 Here it is. In she came.

2、Away he went. 2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)；此時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)為標(biāo)志詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞。South of the river lies a small factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.They ask to take photos where stands the tower.3. such, then, now, thus, the following 放句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為come, follow, begin, end, be。Such are the facts.Such is life.The followi

3、ng is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn.4. There be/lie/exist/ stand/live 主語(yǔ)(there be 句型)There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.5. 表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)；表語(yǔ)可以是介詞短語(yǔ)，形容詞或分詞。 【注意】若主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可還原為正常語(yǔ)序即：主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)。Present at the party were Mr. G

4、reen and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”In front of the house is a cow.6. 用于以現(xiàn)在分詞開頭的句子中。Sitting around the old man were some children from big cities.7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！

5、 二、部分倒裝將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、be提到主語(yǔ)前。 (通常可以還原為正常的語(yǔ)序，并以此檢驗(yàn)倒裝句是否正確。)1. 含有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen， no sooner(than)， not only(but also), at no time, by no means等。Little does he know about the news. 他對(duì)這消息知之甚少。By no means can he catch up in su

6、ch a short time. 他根本不可能在這么短的時(shí)間里趕上來(lái)?！咎貏e提醒】 若原句中沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞，必須根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的具體時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)確定相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞do, does 或did。He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(無(wú)助動(dòng)詞)He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.(添加does)not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可倒裝。只有在連接兩個(gè)句子且將not only所連接的句子提到句首時(shí)，才可用倒裝，but also后面的句子

7、不倒裝。Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter. (連接并列主語(yǔ)，不可倒裝)在“hardly/scarcelywhen從句”和 “no soonerthan從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off. Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off. (注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式)not until提前時(shí)，必須將n

8、ot until后面的全部?jī)?nèi)容提前，而不僅僅是not until這兩個(gè)詞。The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (將until后面的全部?jī)?nèi)容提前)neithernor 句型中兩個(gè)句子都需要部分倒裝。Neither did I want to see

9、 the film nor did I buy the ticket.(I neither wanted to see the film nor bought the ticket.)2. so/as/neither/nor 為標(biāo)志詞放在句首；表示前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況，也適合于另一人或物。so/as be (助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 主語(yǔ)。 Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 So have I.我也是。He believed, as did all his family, that you were innocent.他，和他全家人

10、一樣，相信你是無(wú)辜的。表示前面所說(shuō)的否定情況也適合于另一人或物。neither (nor) be (助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 主語(yǔ)。 If she doesnt agree to the plan, neither will Tom.如果她不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃，Tom也不會(huì)同意?！咎貏e提醒】“so 主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞”表示對(duì)上文肯定的內(nèi)容加以肯定或贊同，意為“的確如此”； Its raining hard. 天下著大雨。 So it is.是的?！爸髡Z(yǔ)did so”表示：“主語(yǔ)”這樣做了。Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.Tom要我

11、去踢足球，我去了。3. only 狀語(yǔ)(或狀語(yǔ)從句)助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他部分狀語(yǔ)可以是副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句。Only in this way can you learn English well. 你只有用這種方法才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。Only if he has time will he come here. 只有他有時(shí)間的話他才會(huì)來(lái)。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請(qǐng)了3次才來(lái)開會(huì)?！咎貏e提醒】only之后跟的不是狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不可倒裝。下面兩句中的only跟的就是主語(yǔ)：Only that

12、 boy can work out the problem. 只有那個(gè)男孩才能解答出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only socialism can save China.只有社會(huì)主義才能救中國(guó)。 4在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中，從句謂語(yǔ)有助動(dòng)詞were, had, should時(shí)，可將if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主謂謂語(yǔ)其他部分主句。Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim.5. 在 “sothat”和“suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)中，將“soadj.”和“suchn.”提到句首時(shí)。So terrible

13、was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.暴風(fēng)雨如此厲害，整個(gè)屋頂都被吹掉了。Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.杰克是如此聰明的孩子，他能解答所有這些難題?！疽呻y點(diǎn)擊】句子的一部分成分通常是表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前，但主謂語(yǔ)序不變。1. 標(biāo)志詞as: “盡管 /雖然”句式： (1)表語(yǔ)(形容詞/名詞) as/though 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞，主句。【注意】名詞前不加任何冠詞。Old as my father is, h

14、e keeps up with his English study.Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.Rich man as he is, he works hard.(2)副詞 as/though主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句。Hard as he worked, he failed.Much as I have traveled, Ive never seen a man as capable as Tom.(3)動(dòng)詞原形 as/though 主語(yǔ) might/may, 主句。Try as he might, Tom could not

15、 get out of the difficulty.2. No matter how/However 形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)， 主句。However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him. However/ No matter how busy I am, I will help you.3. how和what引起的感嘆句How 形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！What 形容詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！What a clever boy he is!How blue the sky looks!How fast time flies!省略省略在英語(yǔ)中，

16、有時(shí)為了避免結(jié)構(gòu)上或內(nèi)容上的重復(fù)，并使上下文緊密連接；有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法的客觀要求，句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分不需要表達(dá)出來(lái)，這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。英語(yǔ)中的省略要求不破壞語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，要保持句子意義的準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。省略有詞法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，還有一種替代省略。省略部分的成分和含義可從上下文或具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中找到而且是有章可循的，英語(yǔ)的省略大致有以下幾種情況：一、簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 1. 省略主語(yǔ)。Havent seen you for ages!2省略謂語(yǔ)。 (Is there) Anything you want?3. 省略賓語(yǔ)。I dont know (where he is ). 4省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)(或謂語(yǔ)

17、的一部分)，只剩下表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分。(Have you) Got any ink? 二、 并列句中的省略 在并列句中，如果后面的分句，與前面的分句有相同的部分，這一部分則常被省略掉，以免重復(fù)。He teaches English and his brother maths. 三、復(fù)合句中的省略 1. 在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)為it且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。When (she was) asked, she didnt answer a word.As (he was) a young man, he stu

18、died law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.If (it is) so, you must go back and get it. 【疑難點(diǎn)擊】虛擬條件句中，含助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞be或have等，若將它們提到句首，則需省略if。Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit t

19、ill next week.2在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中 作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that，which, whom前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)可以省略；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。the way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以省略that，in which。 All (that) you ever want to do is going shopping. What surprised me was not what he said but the way (in which) he said it. China is no longer a country (that) used to be.【疑難點(diǎn)擊】當(dāng)先行詞是time,

20、reason, place等時(shí)，作狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等也可以省略。The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.3. 名詞性從句中的省略 (1)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that在口語(yǔ)中常常省略，或并列的賓語(yǔ)從句中的第一個(gè)連詞that也能省略。He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. (2)由which, when, where或how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中與主句重復(fù)的主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)，可全部或部分省略，只保留一個(gè)連接詞。Someo

21、ne has used my bike, but I dont know who。 (3)定語(yǔ)從句中Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語(yǔ)，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語(yǔ)從句可省略。 Do you think it will rain? I hope not.四、動(dòng)詞不定式中的省略 1有些動(dòng)詞，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)to be n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。I consider him stupid. 2在s

22、ee, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式符號(hào)to須省略。3. 動(dòng)詞不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。 Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to (get one),

23、 but there werent any left.【注意】want, like用在 when, if, what, as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，其后的to也常可省略，如：Ive decided to do what I like.4在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but， cant help but，prefer to do rather than do， would dorather than之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to；but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do, does, did, done，而且其賓語(yǔ)是something, nothi

24、ng, anything和everything等不定代詞時(shí)， 也不帶to, 否則要帶to。We do nothing now but wait.We have nothing to do but wait.I can not but admire his courage.He has no choice but to accept the fact. 5在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)，后一個(gè)to省略。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí)，則后一個(gè)to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise

25、 you. 6在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Why talk so much about it? /Why not try it again? 7動(dòng)詞不定式與 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常可省略，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。I dont want to wait for him, but I have to.He doesnt like fish, but he used to. Why didnt you come to our party? I was

26、 going to, but l had a report to write.8動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)to。They may go if they wish to. Dont go till I tell you to.9.動(dòng)詞不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等動(dòng)詞后作賓

27、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？墒÷?。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab). 10系動(dòng)詞(be)形容詞，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式時(shí)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文表達(dá)相同意思的不定式符號(hào)to之后的內(nèi)容，只保留不定式符號(hào)。 Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you). 【注意】承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)

28、詞have或be, 則要保留be或have, 如：Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be.五、某些詞法上的省略 1. 名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略 (1)如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn)，則可以省略。These are Johns books and those are Marys. (2)名詞所有格所修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí)，常?？梢允÷浴t the doctors 在診所2. 冠詞的省略 (1) 在the next day (morning, week, year)等短語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)氣緊湊

29、，定冠詞the ?？梢允÷?。We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. (2)在副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞?？梢允÷浴he sings best in the class. (3)在某些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。 Father came out, umbrella in hand. Father came out, with an umbrella in his hand. 3. 介詞的省略 (1)both 后常跟of短語(yǔ)，其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，介詞of可以省略

30、，但接代詞賓格時(shí)， of不能省略。Both (of) the films were interesting. She invited both of us to her birthday party. (2)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中，一段時(shí)間前的介詞for可以省略。These shoes are worn out. /They have lasted (for) a long time. (3)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果沒(méi)有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則可以省略介詞by短語(yǔ)。The letter was posted yesterday. (4)和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)中的介詞，如：consider(as)， prevent / stop(from)doing， have trouble / difficulty(in) doing， spend(in / on) doing等中的介詞可以省略。I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?