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1、第38講完形填空2015年遼寧各地市中考試題中的完形填空,文體以記敘文和說明文為主。記敘文內(nèi)容多是親情和友情的故事(如2015年錦州試卷中關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)禮物的故事)或說明介紹類(如2015年遼陽試卷中介紹一年四季的美景)。試題以10空4選1為主(沈陽、營口15小題,大連12小題)。預(yù)測2016年的完形填空還會減少單純語法題的考查,備選項(xiàng)的干擾性會增大,文章的選材大多會是來自英語國家,語言更地道,詞匯運(yùn)用會更靈活。完形填空考查的類型1詞匯題。這種題型從句子和語境層次上來全面考查名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、介詞、動詞等詞類的意義和用法。2常用固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法題。這種題涉及動詞短語、介詞短語
2、、副詞短語等的搭配和用法。3句法題。這種題型涉及簡單句的五種句型、并列句、狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句等。4邏輯分析題。這種題型主要考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和語言運(yùn)用能力?!巴晷翁羁铡鳖}是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn),既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨析、動詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等,又考查邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力,才能適應(yīng)這一題型。(一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞:1語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如:連接詞,連接代詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞等。2具有語法
3、變化的普通詞。如:動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣,名詞的數(shù),代詞的格,形容詞和副詞的等級等。3固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。4同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。(二)“完形填空”題解題策略:1解題前要通讀全文,領(lǐng)悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn),因此,通讀全文,把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間,只看選項(xiàng),不看文章。不看上下文,不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系,結(jié)果做出來的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。2解題時(shí)要全面考慮,確定選項(xiàng)。完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通,但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體,詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,因
4、此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的信息,對文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理,抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語,理順句子之間的關(guān)系,確定正確的答案。其具體做法有:重視首句,尋求信息完形填空本是一篇?dú)埲钡奈恼拢粝率拙淇梢詭椭忌私馕恼碌闹黝},可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用,利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口,從而展開思維?!纠?】 Few people like changing their habits,good or bad.Whether it is smoking,drinking or overeating,they _ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015,蘇
5、州,16)Astop Bcontinue Cfinish Davoid解析:由首句“Few people like changing their habits,good or bad.(很少有人喜歡改變他們的習(xí)慣,好的或壞的。)”可知此處表示“他們繼續(xù)享受著這些習(xí)慣”。答案:_BMy mother only had one eye.And because of this,I never wished her to show up in my school,being afraid that my classmates would _1_ I had an ugly mother.(2014,十
6、堰,41)( )1.A.run out Bput out Ccome out Dfind outD明辨褒貶語境,判斷是非幾乎每篇完形填空的語境都有一定的褒貶性,這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和作者的寫作意圖,因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷,從而在吃透文章并準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息,找出能反映語境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞語或句子,大膽預(yù)測下文?!纠?】 His house turned into a comfortable place immediately.The poor man _.(2015,廣東,55)Acheered up Brang u
7、pCsped up Dstayed up解析:房子變得舒適了,那個(gè)窮人應(yīng)該是“高興起來了”。答案:_AFinally,I stopped in the air,I spread my arms wide,laughing loudly and _.The workers pulled me up,smiling at me.(2015,長沙,40)( )2.A.sadly Bangrily CproudlyC巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu),判斷邏輯平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或短語組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱,內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角
8、度,利用其意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對比這一特點(diǎn)來設(shè)題。了解這一點(diǎn)可大大提高解題效率。【例3】 On October 20,2009,my mother died after a long illness.I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _.(2015,寧波,27)Agifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmistakes解析:由上文可知,我非常欣慰母親不再受疼痛的折磨。與aches(疼痛)相對稱的詞為pains。答案:_BThey found that the kids who watched violent cartoons
9、fought with others and _3_ class rules more often.(2014,宜賓,47)( )3.A.broke Bfollowed Cobeyed DmadeA結(jié)合常識,明辨真?zhèn)胃鶕?jù)實(shí)際生活中的情況,作出最符合邏輯思維的推理,排除不符合邏輯的選項(xiàng),得出正確答案??忌⒁庠谂袛嗤评頃r(shí),一定要聯(lián)系上下文,且符合現(xiàn)實(shí)邏輯,切不可用特殊的、偶然的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行常識性推理,否則得出的答案就會片面,沒有說服力甚至是錯(cuò)誤的?!纠?】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whethe
10、r we accept it or not.Astop Bkeep Cstart Davoid解析:無論我們是否接受,地球都不會停止轉(zhuǎn)動。答案:_AIt read “Dear Marie,I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _!Love,Mom.” That day,I cried.(2015,寧波,30)( )4.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient DstrictB熟練語法和固定搭配,輕松解題對語法、固定搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的考查也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對于這種題,考生除了要注意平時(shí)的積累外,還要針對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句
11、式特點(diǎn)、短文設(shè)空中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類詞適合、應(yīng)采取什么形式等進(jìn)行分析,從而解決問題?!纠?】At the same time,in developing countries like China and Brazil,sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years._ will double again by 2050.(2015,南昌,64)AIt BThatCWeDThey解析:空白處所填詞在句中作主語,指代上文中所提到的“sales(銷售額)”,為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案:_DLast week,students at Rosie
12、 Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.There _ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015,沈陽,16)( )5.A.are Bwere Cis DwasB多方推斷,尋求線索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文,其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時(shí)不要只注意設(shè)空處所在的短句子或段落,還要善于從上下文中尋
13、找相關(guān)的提示信息??忌衫谜蛲茢喾?、逆向推斷法和正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法尋找相關(guān)信息。正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息,當(dāng)然這兒所指的信息包括設(shè)空處近處或遠(yuǎn)處的信息??忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文內(nèi)容,弄清事實(shí),并思考下文的發(fā)展方向,從而推斷下文的未知信息。逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息。當(dāng)利用上文已知信息無法準(zhǔn)確推斷下文未知信息時(shí),不能著急,應(yīng)沉著冷靜地閱讀下文,看下文哪些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展,并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。聯(lián)合推斷法是指在有些情況下,空格處未知信息既不能單獨(dú)由上文已知信息正向推斷而出,也不能單獨(dú)由下文反向推斷而出,這就需要考生利
14、用其上下文已知信息聯(lián)合推斷而出??忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文,看哪些細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)與空格處有聯(lián)系,并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。正向推斷法【例6】One day,Li Xuan discovered a wishing well (許愿池) on the side of the road.(2015,長春,31)He took out a coin and threw it into the _.Astreet Bwell Criver Droom解析:由上文“一天,李軒在路邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)許愿池”可知,他拿出一枚硬幣是投向許愿池。答案:_BIt seemed that the storm meant
15、nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes,then she would read again,with no _ or fear in her eyes.(2015,河南,40)( )6.A.pride Bworry Canger DregretB逆向推斷法【例7】 It was a Sunday morning,and I was in a _ mood (情緒)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before
16、 and hadnt invited me.(2015,山西,31)Agood Bterrible Cpeaceful解析:由下文中“我的兩個(gè)朋友前一天晚上去看電影了,但是沒有邀請我”可知,我的心情很糟糕。答案:_BBert Manson,82,slowly opened his eyes and turned to face the clock on the beside table.It was 8:23 am.He felt _.The time was nothing to him.He had nothing to do all day.(2015,佛山,31)( )7.please
17、d Bsad CsurprisedHe raised a glass of water and asked them,“How _ do you think this glass of water is?”.Their answers are different,from 20g to 500g.(2015,河北,41)( )8.A.heavy Bfull Cmuch DlongBA正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out_of_a_car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jum
18、ping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car(2015,長沙,34)Awalked Bran Cdrove解析:由上句中的out of a car以及下句I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透過車窗,我被路邊的景色驚呆了)可知,我們是開車去的。答案:_C.She wondered if they were getting the_right_foodsAmelia r
19、ead all she could about gorillas (大猩猩) and learned what they like to _.Then she started a “gorilla garden”She grows the fruits_and_vegetables that gorillas love to eat.(2015,南京,19)( )9.A.eat Bbite Cfight DkickDo you ever watch old movies?Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous _
20、in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made_70_movies(2015,天津,41)( )10.A.nurse Bactress Cdoctor DteacherAB復(fù)讀全文,檢驗(yàn)答案把填充后的短文反復(fù)閱讀一兩遍,逐一檢查、校對所選答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求,并確保沒有不符合語言規(guī)范、不符合語法規(guī)則的選項(xiàng)。很多同學(xué)做完形填空題存在一個(gè)誤區(qū),把很多的時(shí)間放到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的比較上,這會降低解題效率。正確做法應(yīng)是:順藤摸瓜,首先是藤,你拿到文章之后要重點(diǎn)讀第一句。瞻前顧后,在文章空格的上下文處,你覺得這個(gè)地方需要什么詞,帶著這個(gè)目的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里找。顧全大局,做一道題時(shí)應(yīng)該在段落里面理解一句話。認(rèn)清細(xì)節(jié),比如考固定搭配的題??傊氤晒ν黄仆晷翁羁毡仨氉龅剑貉凶x首尾,抓主題;上下聯(lián)系,尋信息;左顧右盼,找搭配;思前想后,覓邏輯;語境分析,辨詞義;回讀檢查,補(bǔ)漏洞。