《高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題突破解題策略2 閱讀理解推理判斷題的破解錦囊課件 外研版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題突破解題策略2 閱讀理解推理判斷題的破解錦囊課件 外研版（24頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、英語(yǔ)外外 研研 版版必修二必修二第一部分專(zhuān)題突破解題策略專(zhuān)題突破解題策略 (二二)閱讀理解推理判斷題的破解錦囊閱讀理解推理判斷題的破解錦囊 高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的推理判斷題所占的比重較大，同時(shí)難度也較大，很多考生對(duì)解答此類(lèi)題感到很吃力，沒(méi)有把握。該類(lèi)題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等，從而得出文章中隱含的深層意思，也就是通過(guò)文章中的文字信息、上下文邏輯關(guān)系等已知信息，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到的或者明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或情感，或者可能發(fā)生的事。做推理判斷題要以文中的信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能過(guò)度推理

2、。同時(shí)，考生應(yīng)多了解國(guó)外文化與習(xí)俗，這有助于理解文章。 1細(xì)節(jié)推斷題的判斷方法 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理。做此類(lèi)試題要抓住相關(guān)內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵信息 (即某些關(guān)鍵詞或詞語(yǔ)) 去分析、判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，從而推斷出該信息所隱含的深層含義。只有正確把握文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，理解文章的真正含義，才能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。(2016全國(guó)高考B) Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her

3、 daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they wou

4、ld have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas motherinlaw, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into

5、 the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by , 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild an

6、d couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.” Moving is not fo

7、r everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you k

8、now may be harder. 26What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision? A17% expressed their support for it. BFew people responded sympathetically. C83% believed it had a bad influence. DThe majority thought it was a trend. 解析：D根據(jù)第二段的“Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is gr

9、owing. Even President Obamas motherinlaw, Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and moveinto the WhiteHouseto help care for her granddaughters.the example of Obamas family”可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為Marian Robinson搬進(jìn)白宮的決定是符合潮流的，故選D。 28What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? AMake

10、 decisions in the best interests of their own. BAsk their children to pay more visits to them. CSacrifice for their struggling children. DGet to know themselves better. 解析：A根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句話(huà)“Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometime

11、s it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your.may be harder”可知，作者建議祖父母做決定時(shí)考慮他們自己的利益。故選A。(2016北京高考C) California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with winglength of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning (鉛中毒) n

12、early drove them to dying out.Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. 63California co

13、ndors attract researchers interest because they_ . Aare active at night Bhad to be bred in the wild Care found only in California Dalmost died out in the 1980s 解析：D文章沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)美國(guó)加利福尼亞州禿鷲引起了研究人員的興趣，但是結(jié)合第一段和下文的“So scientists have come up with a shocking idea”可推斷，因?yàn)殡娋€(xiàn)和鉛中毒，20世紀(jì)80年代加利福尼亞州禿鷲瀕臨滅絕，因此它們引起了科研人員的興趣

14、。 2預(yù)測(cè)推斷題的判斷方法 根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。對(duì)此類(lèi)題，注意弄清作者的寫(xiě)作思路，決不能按自己的主觀(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)去推理。(2016全國(guó)高考C) .(Paragraph 4) Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can

15、 also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. Emails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. 11What will a BookC

16、rosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句“.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”讓書(shū)蒙上塵土是一種很自

17、私的行為，網(wǎng)站BookC的目的正是鼓勵(lì)人們與別人分享圖書(shū)，所以拿到書(shū)的人最可能繼續(xù)把書(shū)傳遞下去。故C項(xiàng)正確。 3文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題的方法 考生要具備一定的常識(shí)，對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知識(shí)、小說(shuō)、童話(huà)、廣告、說(shuō)明書(shū)、旅游指南等有基本了解。這樣才能在做題時(shí)根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)選出最佳答案。 (2015重慶高考C) 47Where is the passage most probably taken from? AA webpage.BA newspaper. CA novel.DA report. 解析：A主要講述了Lakelander在論壇上描述了自己遇到的不文明現(xiàn)象后，眾人發(fā)表的關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷

18、的不文明現(xiàn)象的描述和看法。本文是篇對(duì)于社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的討論，根據(jù)出現(xiàn)的討論的時(shí)間，彼此隔開(kāi)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，可知來(lái)自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，故選A項(xiàng)。典例5 (2015廣東高考B) When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him wh

19、y. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”， I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish！” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?. When I grew up and entered the bus

20、iness world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great effort

21、s to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.35This passage most likely comes from_ .Aa fishing guideBa popular sales bookCa novel on

22、childhoodDa millionaires biography解析：B本文敘述了作者通過(guò)以父親教授他釣魚(yú)時(shí)，要像魚(yú)一樣思考，學(xué)會(huì)釣魚(yú)的道理，告訴大家從事商業(yè)銷(xiāo)售時(shí)要像消費(fèi)者一樣去思考。根據(jù)It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters“這不是一份輕松的工作，我將在下面幾章里向你們展示如何去做”，故推斷這是在教授大家如何去銷(xiāo)售的書(shū)。故選B。 1.推理判斷題必須要以把握全文為前提，不可以偏概全，斷章取義，更不可用自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)代替作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，所有推理必須有文章信息為依據(jù)，否則會(huì)做出錯(cuò)誤選擇。 2.正確選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) (1) 正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)。 大多含義深刻，不是常識(shí)選項(xiàng)。 (2) 干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 顛倒是非：選項(xiàng)的結(jié)果與推斷出來(lái)的正確結(jié)果相反。 照搬原文：原文里有相關(guān)的直接信息，不需要經(jīng)過(guò)推斷。 推理過(guò)度：把文章中的一些個(gè)案絕對(duì)化、擴(kuò)大化。 無(wú)中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作為依據(jù)進(jìn)行推斷。