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1、第三章第三章 句句 型型第四節(jié)第四節(jié) 祈使句祈使句 知識梳理知識梳理一、祈使句的概念祈使句是用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句因?qū)ο?主語)是第二人稱,通常省略主語。祈使句的時態(tài)都為一般現(xiàn)在時,句末可以用感嘆號來表達(dá)比較強烈的語氣,也可以用句點結(jié)尾。如:命令:Go and wash your hands!請求:Be quiet, please. / Please be quiet. 勸告:Be kind to your friends. 警告:Watch your steps. 禁止:Keep off the grass! 二、祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 動詞原形+其他成分。如:Sit
2、 down, please.【注】有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,可省略動詞。如: Go this way, please. =This way, please.2. Be+名詞短語或形容詞+其他成分。如:Be careful!Be a good boy!3. Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。如: Let me help you.Lets clean our classroom. 【注】有時為了加強語氣,可在動詞之前加do。如:Do be careful! Do let Mary water the flowers. 三、祈使句的否定形式1 以動詞原形和be 動詞開頭的祈使句,都是在句首加do
3、nt。如: Dont forget me! Dont be late for school! 2 let開頭的祈使句的否定形式有兩種:(1)Dont+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。(2)Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他成分。如: Dont let him go. =Let him not go.3. No開頭的祈使句表示禁止。如: No smoking!四、祈使句的反義疑問句形式1 一般情況下,簡略問句用will you或 wont you。如:Have a rest, will you? Stand up, will(wont) you? 2. lets開頭的祈使句,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ?/p>
4、提出建議時,簡略問句用shall we。如:Lets have a cup of tea, shall we?3. let me或 let us表示向聽話人提出請求,簡略問句用will you。如:Let me have a rest, will you? Let us know your name, will you? 考點精析考點精析考點考點 考查祈使句的運用考查祈使句的運用【例1】給下列標(biāo)志選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)志語。(填字母編號) 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 解析:本題考查根據(jù)圖片選擇適當(dāng)?shù)钠硎咕?。祈使句最常見的用法就是用在警示牌上。本題三個選項代表三種祈使句形式。答案:1. C 2. B 3
5、. A【例2】根據(jù)所提供的場景寫出正確的祈使句。 1. 有幾個孩子在馬路上踢足球,你會對他們說:_2. 有小朋友在無人監(jiān)管的河里游泳,你會對他們說:_ 解析:本題考查祈使句的日常用法。注意口語表達(dá)的時候,禁止類祈使句多用Dont 形式。答案: 1. Dont play football on the road. 2. Dont swim in the river. 舉一反三 1. 判斷下列句子是否是祈使句, 是的打“ ”,不是的打“”。 (1) Look out!( ) (2) How nice!( ) (3) Lets go hiking.( ) (4) What a lovely girl
6、!( ) (5) Wash your hands before meals.( ) 2. 將下列句子改為祈使句。 (1) You must not look out of the window. _ the window. (2) You may let the children play the piano. _ play the piano. (3) You shouldnt drive too fast. _ too fast. Dont driveDont look out ofLet the children3. 根據(jù)所提供的場景寫出正確的祈使句。(1) 邀請朋友做客,你想請他吃蘋果
7、,你會說: _ (2) 你想邀請朋友一起下棋,你會說: _ (3) 你讓一個想要進(jìn)入草坪的小朋友別踐踏草坪,你會說: _ Keep off the grass.Have an apple, please!Lets play chess together.過關(guān)檢測過關(guān)檢測一、看圖,根據(jù)圖片選出相應(yīng)的祈使句。(填字母編號)1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _CAEBD二、將下列句子改為祈使句。1. You mustnt play on the road._2. You cant eat in the computer room._3. You must stop at a red li
8、ght. _4. You mustnt be late for school. _5. Everyone mustnt smoke here. _Dont play on the road!Dont eat in the computer room!Stop (Do stop) at a red light!Dont be late for school!Dont smoke here. /No smoking here!三、單項填空。( )1. If you are tired, _a rest. A. have B. having C. to have( )2. He is not hon
9、est(誠實). _ believe him. A. Not B. Dont C. Do( )3. _ in the street. Its dangerous. A. Not play B. Not to play C. Dont play( )4. Please_ me some money, will you? A. lend B. lending C. be lend( )5. _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keepABCAA四、根據(jù)漢語意思翻譯下列句子。1.請打開門。_2.不要跑那么快!_3.下次別遲到!_4.不要坐在書包上。_5.請看黑板。_Please open the door.Dont run so fast!Dont be late next time!Dont sit on the schoolbag.Please look at the blackboard.