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1、第第 14 講講 情景交際情景交際1. 感謝與應(yīng)答感謝：Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks. / Thanks for helping me. 應(yīng)答： Thats all right. / Youre welcome. / Thats OK. / Not at all. Its my pleasure. / Dont mention it. / Its nothing. / Think nothing of it. / Forget it. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語 2. 道歉與應(yīng)答道歉： Im sorry. / Im sorry t

2、o trouble you. / Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 應(yīng)答： It doesnt matter. / Its not important. / Thats/Its nothing. / Not at all. Thats all right. / Forget it. / Thats OK. / No problem. / Not to worry. /Never mind. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語3. 勸告、建議與應(yīng)答勸告和建議：I think you ought to我想你應(yīng)該If I were you, Id如果我是你，我會It might

3、be a good idea if you如果你這倒是個(gè)好主意。Have you ever thought of？ 你是否想過要？I recommend that我建議I strongly advise you to我極力主張你一、日常交際應(yīng)答語You really ought to你的確應(yīng)該P(yáng)ersonally, I think youd better依我看，你最好Why not do？ 為什么不？Why dont you do？ 你為什么不？I suggest that我建議What about doing？ 怎么樣？How about doing？ 怎么樣？一、日常交際應(yīng)答語Shall

4、we？ 我們?nèi)ズ脝?？Lets， shall we? 讓我們?nèi)ズ脝?？You need (to)你需要肯定的應(yīng)答： Good idea. / Thats great. / Sounds great. / It sounds great. / Thats fine. /Why not?否定的應(yīng)答：Id love to，but / Im afraid / Its an idea，but一、日常交際應(yīng)答語4. 請求與應(yīng)答請求： May I？ / Can I? / Could I？ / Do you mind if I肯定的應(yīng)答： With pleasure. / Certainly(Of course)

5、 / Sure，go ahead. / Yes，help yourself. Of course not，go ahead(回答Do you mind if I的請求). 否定的應(yīng)答：Im afraid not. / Better not. / Id rather you didnt. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語5. 應(yīng)答對方的要求肯定的：All right. / I will. 否定的：No way. / Forget it. Do remember to call me up when you arrive. I will. I think you should phone Jenny and s

6、ay sorry to her. No way. It was her fault. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語6. 邀請與應(yīng)答邀請： Would you like to？ / Why dont we？肯定的應(yīng)答： That would be fine. / Thats very kind of you. /All right. /Yes，Id love to. 否定的應(yīng)答：Id love to，but / Sorry，I cant. / Im afraid I cant. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語7. 祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答祝愿、祝賀： Good luck! / Best wishes to you. /Hav

7、e a nice/good time/journey. /Congratulations!Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you. 應(yīng)答： Thank you! / The same to you. / You，too. / Happy New Year！(Merry Christmas！)一、日常交際應(yīng)答語8. 鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)與應(yīng)答鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)： Very good. / Well done. /Wonderful. /Excellent. /Keep trying. /You can do it. 應(yīng)答： Thank

8、you. / OK. /Ill try it again. 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語9. 提供幫助與應(yīng)答主動(dòng)提供幫助時(shí)：Can I help you? /What can I do for you /Would you like me to help you?Do you want me to / Let me需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí)：Yes，please. / Thank you for your help/ Thanks. 不需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí)：No，thank you./ Thank you all the same. / Thats very kind of you, but一、日常交際應(yīng)答語1. 表示驚

9、奇：Really? / How come？(何以會？) / What a surprise! /Good heavens!2. 表示同情： Im sorry to hear that. / What a pity! / Thats really unlucky. / Bad luck. 3. 表示安慰： Dont worry. / Dont be afraid. / Take your time. / Take it easy. Make yourself at home. / Its quite all right. / Itll be OK. 4. 表示鼓勵(lì)： Come on. / Che

10、er up. / You can do it. / You will make it. 二、情感態(tài)度的表達(dá)5. 表示同意： I quite agree. / I couldn t agree more. / Exactly. /Certainly. /Absolutely. Thats a good idea. / No problem. / I think so. 6. 表示不同意： Not really. / Not Exactly. / I dont quite agree. /I dont think so. / Im afraid not. 7. 表示不在乎： So what? /

11、Who cares?二、情感態(tài)度的表達(dá) 解答情景交際題時(shí)要做到“四忌” 一忌上詞下用 上詞下用指的是答句部分沿用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞，按表層意思似乎合情合理，但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”，需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。如： 用“I dont”應(yīng)答“Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow”， 用“Dont be sorry”回答“Im sorry I broke your mirror”， 用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.” 避免“上詞下用

12、”的誤區(qū)，一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目，二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語境，三是確認(rèn)正確的話語方式?！纠}】 I wonder if I could use your telephone. _. A. I wonder how B. I dont wonder C. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is. 【答案及解析答案及解析】 C 盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)“wonder”一詞，但通過仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項(xiàng)目為征求對方意見，問句相當(dāng)于“Could I use your telephone？”綜合語境和話題的分析，正確的答話方式一般為“Of c

13、ourse you can”(肯定)或“Sorry，you cant”(否定)，也只有C項(xiàng)(抱歉，它壞了)符合題意，A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬典型的“上詞下用”現(xiàn)象，而且D項(xiàng)中的“No wonder”意思為“難怪”，更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。 二忌中文思維 與上詞下用比較，這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑性，因?yàn)闊o論按題目內(nèi)容或是按思維方式來考慮，都非常符合中國學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然，掌握英漢兩種語言和文化之間的相同和相異之處，對于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。考生解題失誤之一是按漢語的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語，去選答案，這屬于語言知識的“負(fù)遷移”。 【例題】 Do you think its going to rain over the

14、weekend? _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not【答案及解析答案及解析】 D以Do you think？這樣的句子來提問，用D項(xiàng)來回答表示否定，顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這也正是許多考生選了A、B、C項(xiàng)的原因。另一個(gè)更常見的失誤是套用中國文化模式。違背英語國家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗，這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移”。 三忌直接回絕 這主要是指在對方要求得到幫助，提出請求或邀請時(shí)，回答過于直接，不夠委婉，盡管從語義角度分析是沒毛病的，但不符合英語國家的交際習(xí)慣?！罢埱蟆狈矫娴膯栐?/p>

15、有May I？/Can I？/I wonder if I could/Do you mind if I？等，“邀請”方面的問話有Will you？/Would you like to？/Id like to invite to等。在作否定回答時(shí)，為了表示禮貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉詞，如but，Im afraid, Im sorry, thanks, please, had better等。 【例題】 I didnt know this was a oneway street, officer. _ A. Thats all right. B. I dont believe you. C. H

16、ow dare you say that?D. Sorry, but thats no excuse. 【答案及解析答案及解析】 D許多考生有可能選B、C項(xiàng)，這是沒有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要禮節(jié)，答話時(shí)過于生硬，沒有顧及他人感情，而正確答案D項(xiàng)正是在充分考慮到說話雙方的身份，彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說話人的立場和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。 四忌答非所問 答非所問的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺，如果問話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話，考生可以迅速排除。但有時(shí)雙方會話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián)，仔細(xì)推敲才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)答語并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure和Its a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答，表示“不用客氣”。 【例題】 Sorry, I couldnt come to the party. I was sick that day. _. A. I dont know that B. Thats all right C. Yes, well have another party D. No, the party wasnt held【答案及解析答案及解析】 B A、C和D三項(xiàng)均明顯地答非所問，與問句無關(guān)；只有B項(xiàng)能夠作出直接的答復(fù)。