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1、 專題15 閱讀理解 ?解讀考點(diǎn) 閱讀題型探究 中考英語的完型閱讀題型是英語考試中最重要的部分，占了考試內(nèi)容的大部分內(nèi)容，也是學(xué)生得分的重要內(nèi)容。要想得到高分，必須審清題干；根據(jù)語境，聯(lián)系上下文，抓住主旨句、根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)分析。 直擊考點(diǎn) 中考英語閱讀理解分類解讀 一、 人物故事類 【命題趨勢(shì)】 人物故事以記述人物生平故事為主。體裁一般是記敘文，包含記敘文的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等要素。寫作手法多采用時(shí)間、空間或邏輯線索貫穿文章始終。命題以細(xì)節(jié)為主，推理為輔。近年來，人物傳記類閱讀文章在高中閱讀理解題中有所減少。 【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】 人物故事類文章多為記敘文，為了支撐所要描述的

2、人物，短語往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量細(xì)節(jié)，這些細(xì)節(jié)有時(shí)很直接，理解字面意思即可，有時(shí)則很間接，需要綜合、歸納、推理才能判斷。準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。那么，怎樣準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)呢？ 首先，從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞；然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀和查閱的技巧在文中迅速找細(xì)節(jié)；找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀，認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別；最后，在正確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，確定最佳答案。二、社會(huì)文化類 【命題趨勢(shì)】 語言是社會(huì)文化的重要載體。學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的之一就是“提高初步運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力，增強(qiáng)對(duì)外國文化，特別是英語國家文化的了解”。因此，社會(huì)文化類試題出現(xiàn)在高考試卷中是必然的。社會(huì)文化類文章的命題有以下趨勢(shì)：

3、 1.以中西文化差異作為選材的重點(diǎn)。如禮儀、語言、生活習(xí)慣、世界觀、價(jià)值觀等為主題。題材涉及社會(huì)、文化、教育、體育等方面的內(nèi)容。 2.一般一篇文章一個(gè)主題。以議論文、記敘文居多。 3.命題方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定細(xì)節(jié)，時(shí)有推斷。 【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】 對(duì)英語語言、社會(huì)、文化的了解是一個(gè)長期的過程，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意： 1.重視英語詞匯、語法和習(xí)慣用法的掌握。 在復(fù)習(xí)過程加強(qiáng)對(duì)語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握。對(duì)于普通中學(xué)畢業(yè)生來說，應(yīng)具備2000－3500的詞匯量，并掌握其詞類、意思和基本用法。掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分之間的關(guān)系。熟悉固定詞組、固定搭配等約定俗成的語法項(xiàng)目。2.擴(kuò)展文化背景知

4、識(shí)，認(rèn)真研讀歷屆高考題。 從近五年的高考題看，閱讀內(nèi)容的社會(huì)實(shí)用性越來越強(qiáng)，更重視語言和文化的關(guān)系，閱讀材料會(huì)更多地涉及社會(huì)化背景知識(shí)。因此，要通過閱讀更多地涉及社會(huì)文化背景知識(shí)，要通過閱讀更多地了解并豐富自己的知識(shí)。 同時(shí)，要認(rèn)真研讀近五年的高考篇目，增加語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)，適應(yīng)選材特點(diǎn)，熟悉題材和體裁。了解設(shè)問形式，感悟設(shè)問特點(diǎn)。 3.廣泛涉獵，豐富消遣閱讀。 三、逸聞趣事類： 【命題趨勢(shì)】 逸聞趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鮮為人知的事。幽默故事是其主要內(nèi)容。選材多來源于日常生活，給人似曾相識(shí)之感，但隨著故事的發(fā)展、展開、結(jié)束，給人以意外的感覺。逸聞趣事類文章有以下趨勢(shì)：

5、 1.特點(diǎn)：文章簡(jiǎn)短，描述一個(gè)片斷。 2.命題：多考查對(duì)事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局進(jìn)行合理的推斷。 3.選材：描述“另類”，標(biāo)新立異。 【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】 1.閱讀這種文章，應(yīng)特別注意對(duì)人物的外貌、語言、動(dòng)作和思想的描寫，從而把握人物性格特點(diǎn)和作者的情感態(tài)度。 2.若是敘述性的文章，要讀懂起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。若是故事性文章應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局。它們是我們讀懂趣聞逸事所必需的。 3.若是幽默故事，應(yīng)體會(huì)風(fēng)趣的對(duì)話、特別的動(dòng)作，它們是幽默的精髓。 四、史地常識(shí)類 【命題趨勢(shì)】 英語是我們認(rèn)識(shí)世界，了解世界的工具。史地常識(shí)類文章通常介紹異域風(fēng)光，歷史事件，進(jìn)

6、一步擴(kuò)大我們的視野和對(duì)其他國家，尤其是對(duì)英語國家的了解。因此史地常識(shí)類文章經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高考閱讀理解中，其趨勢(shì)是： 1.選材：英語國家的主要名勝或歷史事件，歷史年代。 2.命題：以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，有一定主觀推斷題。 3.知識(shí)：涉及一定的地理常識(shí)或歷史知識(shí)。 【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】 史地常識(shí)類文章多以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，著重考查理解文中具體信息的能力。細(xì)節(jié)題一般分為以下幾類: 1.排序題：根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件正確順序。一般采用“首尾定位法”來做題。即先出第一個(gè)和最后一個(gè)事件，縮小范圍，得出答案。 2.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題：根據(jù)短文描寫找出相應(yīng)圖形或根據(jù)圖形找出答案。一般采用“

7、文史鎖定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“圖”)或“圖形標(biāo)示法”。(在圖中標(biāo)出內(nèi)容，以便理解) 3.數(shù)字換算題：根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)，找出換算關(guān)系，計(jì)算并得出答案。 4.表格理解題：看懂行和列分別代表的意義，正確理解，作出選擇。 5.同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。 6.代詞指代題：理清人物、事件間的邏輯關(guān)系，使人物、事件更加條理化，簡(jiǎn)明化。 五. 科普知識(shí)類 【命題趨勢(shì)】 這種題材的文章大部分是介紹科技前沿、科學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)、新的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、科研方法、生態(tài)環(huán)?；蚴菍?duì)某一個(gè)問題的來龍去脈和解決方法等加以介紹。作者的目的就是讓讀者獲得知識(shí)、信息，對(duì)說明對(duì)象有所了解，并獲得某些方面的啟示。其特點(diǎn)如下： 1. 文章中會(huì)牽涉

8、到實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究者、研究方法、在某項(xiàng)主題上的不同意見和爭(zhēng)鳴，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)讀者還不熟悉的前沿性的科學(xué)題材，但作者一般持客觀的態(tài)度，不顯示自己的褒貶之意； 2. 此類文章為了做到通俗易懂，在語言上盡量避免使用專業(yè)性詞匯，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞，做到這一點(diǎn)較容易，但是有些專有名詞則無法避免，不過，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)較難的專有名詞進(jìn)行解釋，甚至舉例說明，這往往也是出題的地方； 3. 在語法上，此類文章長句使用較多，主從復(fù)合句、同位語、插入語、非謂語動(dòng)詞形式和被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用率較高； 4. 此類文章語篇模式一般比較固定、整齊，主題句通常位于段首，多使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 【應(yīng)試對(duì)策】 針對(duì)科普文章的這些特點(diǎn)，閱讀這類文章重在把握被

9、說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、種屬、并列等；以及說明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳?yīng)加強(qiáng)此類文章的閱讀訓(xùn)練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。首先我們平時(shí)要多關(guān)注科學(xué)題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識(shí)；其次，在閱讀時(shí)要注意實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的和結(jié)果，不能憑想象和猜測(cè)下結(jié)論；對(duì)于較難理解的句子要利用語法結(jié)構(gòu)去分析；最后，要利用文章特點(diǎn)找準(zhǔn)主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。 ?2年中考 [2014年題組] 1．【2014年遼寧省沈陽市中考】 閱讀短文,然后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容從?A、B、C、D?中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 "On?a?spring?night,?we?offer?book?lov

10、ers?a?desk?and?a?light.?You?can?stay?here?as?long?as?you? want?to."?This?is?the?slogan?(宣傳語)?of?Sanlian?Taofen?Bookstore?in?Beijing.??? Earlier?this?month,?Sanlian?Taofen?Bookstore?became?the?first?24-hour?bookstore?in?the?city.? It??hopes?to?encourage?more?people?to?read?books.?? Bookst

11、ores?are?the?brain?of?a?city.?Although?many?people?can?now?buy?books?online,???many? readers?still?like?the?feeling?in?bookstores.?They?can?touch?the?books?and?smell?the?print.??? In?China,?most?cities?are?home?to?at?least?one?bookstore.?Some?have?special?themes?(主題)?.?? Popular?Holdings?(大眾書局

12、?)?in?Shanghai?is?a?film-themed?bookstore.?There?are?film?books?and? posters?(海報(bào))?inside.?Other?bookstores?have?colorful?activities.?? Eslite?Bookstore?(誠品書店)?in?Taiwan?has?activities?like?talks?with?famous?writers?as?well as??holding?gallery?shows?(畫展).?People?come?here?not?only?for?reading?

13、but?also?to?communicate? with?others.?? The?best?title?(標(biāo)題)?to?explain?the?main?idea?of?the?text?is?"_______".?? A.?Buying?Books?in?Bookstores? B.?Warm?Places?for?Reading? C.?A?New?Bookstore?in?China? D.?Great?Bookstores?Online? What's?special?about?Sanlian?Taofen?Bookstore?in?Beij

14、ing??? A.?It?allows?readers?to?stay?there?only?at?night.?? B.?It?offers?readers?a?desk?and?a?light.?? C.?It?is?the?first?24-hour?bookstore?in?the?city.?? D.?It?hopes?book?lovers?will?read?there.? Which?of?the?following?can?best?describe?people's?feeling?in?bookstores??? A.?Becom

15、ing?the?brain?of?the?city.? B.?Touching?the?books?and?smelling?the?print.? C.?Staying?inside?as?long?as?possible.? D.?Buying?books?online?with?enjoyment Popular?Holdings?in?Shanghai?is?one?of?the?bookstores?with?_______.? A.?a?small?gallery? B.colourful activities C.?a?special?s

16、logan? D.a special theme People?come?to?Eslite?Bookstore?in?Taiwan?for? . A.?reading?and?communicating? B.?buying?film?books?and?posters C.?encouraging?themselves?to?read? D.?getting?ready?to?be?famous?writers 【答案】 B C B D A 考點(diǎn)：考查政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類閱讀 2. 【2014年遼寧省沈陽市中考】 閱讀

17、短文,然后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容從?A、B、C、D?中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 South?of?Florida,?many?islands?dot?(點(diǎn)綴著)?the?ocean.?One?of?them?is?Hispaniola.?Its?name? points?to?the?fact?that?Christopher?Columbus?visited?the?island?in?1492.?As?a?result,?Spain?ruled?theisland?for?the?next?300?years.?Two?nations?now?share?the?island.?Haiti?makes?up

18、?(占據(jù))?the?western ?third.?The?Dominican?Republic?makes?up?the?eastern?two-thirds.?? The?Dominican?Republic's?area?is?about?18,000?square?miles?with?the?population?of?8?million. Most?people?live?close?to?the?island's?coast.?Like?many?other?tropical(熱帶的)islands,?the?Dominican Republic?regards?

19、tourism?as?a?key?industry.?The?coastal?cities,?especially,?depend?on?tourists?to?fill?their?hotels?and?restaurants.?The?natural?beauty?of?the?beaches?and?of?the?forests?draw?Dominicans?and?tourists?alike.?? When?you're?ready?for?something?else,walk?into?town.Music,dancing,and?people?in?Colourfu

20、l masks?(面具)?will?greet?you?at?nearly?every?street?corner.?Whether?you?go?to?join?them?or?get?away from?them,?there?will?be?a?place?for?you?in?the?Dominican?Republic.?? Which?of?the?following?maps?shows?the?right?position?of?Hispaniola,?Haiti?and?the?Dominican?Republic? What?happened?to?Hispan

21、iola after Christopher Columbus?visited?there?in?1492?? A.?Spain?ruled?the?island?for?300?years.? B.?Two?nations?shared?the?island. C.?The?Dominican?Republic?joined?the?island? D.?The?name?of?Haiti?began?to?use. The?Dominican?Republic?is?famous?for? A.?hotels? B.?r

22、estaurants???? C.?tourism? D.?forests?? The?last?paragraph?(段落)?seems?to?tell?us?that?people?in?the?Dominican?Republic?are?_____.?? A.?colourful? B.?friendly? C.?busy? D.?brave? The?reading?above?is?probably?taken?from_________.?? A.?a?science?book? B.?a?story?book? C.?a?geogra

23、phy?book? D.?a?picture?book? 【答案】 A A C B C 考點(diǎn)：考查政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類閱讀 3. 【2014年湖南省婁底市中考】 第一節(jié)判斷正誤 閱讀下面短文，判斷下列句子是否符合短文內(nèi)容，符合的寫（A），不符合的寫(B)。（共5小題，計(jì)10分） Taobao, China’s largest online shopping site(網(wǎng)上購物網(wǎng)站), has become an important part of Huang Xinhui’s life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.

24、 A large number of Chinese Internet users like Huang have found the joys of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students and young workers. More women shop on line than men. Clothing and household products(家用產(chǎn)品) are the most popular on line. It was reported that more than 300 billion(十

25、億) yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao. Taobao means “l(fā)ooking for treasure” in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players. You may question the security(安全) of online shopping, Huang Xinhui said

26、, “ It’s very safe and convenient(便利的). If you don’t receive the products from the sellers or you are not satisfied with them, the shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.” China’s largest online shopping site is Taobao. Most online po

27、pular products are clothing and household ones. 300 billion yuan was spent on online shopping last year through Taobao. People can only find three kinds of things on Taobao. If you are not satisfied with the products, you can return them. 【答案】 A A B B A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：人們?cè)谔詫毶现荒苷业饺N東西。根據(jù)People c

28、an find almost everything they need on Taobao,描述，可知本句描述錯(cuò)誤。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：如果你對(duì)產(chǎn)品不滿意，你可以退貨。根據(jù)短文最后一段可知本句描述正確。 考點(diǎn)：考查新聞報(bào)道類閱讀 [2015年題組] 1. 【2015年安徽省初中畢業(yè)學(xué)業(yè)考試英語試題】閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分） 閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you. Set

29、 a certain bedtime and rising time A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t change your bedtime and rising time on weekends. Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping Exciting activities get your th

30、oughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep. Keep the bedroom for sleeping only It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, re

31、ad, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep. Don’t go to bed too early Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleep

32、iness. Take a warm shower before your bedtime A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45 –50 not only is a great relax at day’s end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. 80. If you

33、want to build up your body clocks, you should ______. A. set a certain bedtime and rising time B. go to bed neither too early nor too late C. keep the bedroom for sleeping only D. take a warm shower before sleeping 81. Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping? A. Becau

34、se they will get your thoughts running B. Because you have to make tomorrow’s paln C. Because you should read an exciting story D. Because you will have to turn off the light. 82. Your bedroom should be kept for ______ only. A. talking B. eating C. reading D. sleeping 83. According to the

35、 passage, ______ will make you feel sleepy. A. taking a cold shower B. your body temperature dropping C. your daily experience D. raising your body temperature 【答案】 80.A 81.A 82.D 83.B 【考點(diǎn)定位】健康保健類短文閱讀。 2．【廣東省2015年中考英語試題】 It is reported that some developed counties have shipped broken

36、 parts of computes to China.Such a thing can be founded every day although it is against international laws. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones send from Japan. Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with is not an

37、 easy job because dangerous poison like mercury(汞)and lead (鉛)can be found in them. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be deal with safely. But at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really goes in the earth. Many places

38、 in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong province is one of them. This town is named as”the e-waste capital of the world”. It has to deal with 1.5mllion kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million years. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poison in e-waste find their

39、 way into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and chemical water is poured into rivers, Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted. The Chinese government wants the country to develop, but in a way that doesn;t do harm to the en

40、vironment and people’s life. This year,China presents a new protection law, the strictest one we have ever had. Computer complies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. This is because the complies that make computers know best to deal with them safely. Hopefully, the p

41、roblem with e-waste will be solved in near future. 61. The e-waste found in Hong Kong last month was from________. A.France B.Japan C.Germany D. Australia 62. The underlined word buried probably means ______in the passage. A.焚燒 B.障礙 C.回收

42、D.掩埋 63. The town of Guiya in Guangdong Province_________. A.is the e-capital of the world B.has serious e-waste pollution C. Deals with e-waste safely D.speeds much money on e-waste 64. This year,the Chinese government__________. A.tried to change people’

43、s life B.closed some computer complies C.make a new environment protection law D.asked people to hand in their old computers 65. The passage is mainly about________. A.the way in deal with e-waste B.the cost of burning e-waste C.the e-waste problem in

44、China D.the need to pass a law against e-waste 【答案】 61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.C 【考點(diǎn)定位】環(huán)境保護(hù)類短文閱讀。 3. 【2015年江蘇省蘇州市中考英語試題】 閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 It was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed, Bunny couldn’t fall asleep. He still couldn’t think of what he w

45、anted as a special Christmas present. He wondered how Santa — Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn’t know himself.從第一自然段可知，他還在想著他可以得到什么圣誕禮物。他想知道如果圣誕老人不認(rèn)識(shí)他又怎樣知道他要什么禮物。 As he was sitting up in bed, Bunny heard a big noise on the roof(屋頂) and a sound downstairs. It was Santa Claus,

46、 he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop. By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs, everything was silent again. Lots of presents were put under the Christmas tree, but Santa was go

47、ne. A little disappointed(失望的), Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry. “Hello,” said Bunny. “Is somebody there?” He was answered by another cry. Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal wi

48、th big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers(鹿角) on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for a dog. “Are you a reindeer?” asked Bunny. “Yes,” replied the brown animal with antlers. “My name is Ralph.” “And you were pulling Santa’s sled(雪橇)?” “I was until I got air-sick,” replied Ralph. “Santa had

49、 to leave me here and go on with the other seven reindeer.” “Isn’t it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get air-sick? I mean, isn’t flying what reindeer are famous for?” “Not me, I’m afraid. It makes me scared. I always feel sick when it comes to flying,” replied Ralph. “But everyone wanted me to pu

50、ll Santa’s sled, so when it was my turn I gave it a try. I’m afraid I just wasn’t cut out for the job. Now I’m stuck here and I don’t know how to get back to the North Pole.” “Well, if you like, you can stay with us as a friend,” said Bunny. As he made the offer, Bunny suddenly realized the special

51、 present he wanted from Santa was a new friend! 33.Why couldn’t Bunny fall asleep on Christmas Eve? A. He wanted to take a close look at Santa Claus. B. He was waiting for his special present from his father. C. He was thinking about what present to get from Santa. D. He was woken up by a nois

52、e on the roof of his house. 34.The underlined phrase “cut out” probably means . A. suitable B. famous C. ready D. bad 35.What can we learn from the article? A. Ralph is a brown dog with antlers. B. Ralph is afraid of flying in the air. C. Bunny got a sled as a Christmas present.

53、 D. Bunny sent Ralph back to the North Pole. 36.This article seems to tell us that . A. Santa lives in the South Pole with his reindeer B. Santa usually puts Christmas presents on the roofs C. Santa uses dogs to bring children presents on Christmas Eve D. Santa knows what presents child

54、ren want without being told 【答案】 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.D 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查故事類短文閱讀。 4. 【貴州省安順市2015年中考英語試題】閱讀理解， 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。（每小題2分，共30分） ①Have you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers ha

55、ve found out some interesting facts. ②Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But it goes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other p

56、eople with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair. ③We seem to believe that people with similar habits or hobbies will share similar experiences and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves， or even， we think we may be safer with people who look

57、 like us. Sometimes that’s true but it’s a pity if we always stay with the same people， the same group. The danger in always staying in our comfort zone (舒適區(qū))is that we just recycle the same opinions， the same tastes and the same ideas. We lose the chance to learn something new， find out interesting

58、 things， hear funny stories and discover differences. ④When we always stay with the same people， how can we break down the barriers which prevent us from getting to know people with different ideas? And how can we avoid the ignorance(無知)? If you want to live in a society that opens to changes， ne

59、w things and different opinions， be the cat among the pigeons(鴿子). ⑤Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. And don’t just sit there in silence. Say hello. Ask a question. Start a conversation. That’s how we make friends. That’s how we learn about people. That’s how w

60、e open our minds to new ideas. That’s how we live an exciting life. 58. From the passage， we know that people prefer sitting by someone who . A. is like themselves B. has a sense of humor C. is open-minded D. lives an exciting life 59. People like staying

61、 in their comfort zone because they may . A. remain comfortable and special? B. find out more interesting things? C. be accepted easily and feel safe? D. discover differences among themselves 60. The sentence “Unsurprisingly， we prefer to sit closer to people like

62、 ourselves.” should be put at the beginning of __________. A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4 61. What does the underlined word “barriers” mean in Paragraph 4? A. 聯(lián)系 B. 隔閡 C. 紐帶 D. 熟悉 62. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To t

63、ell us not to talk with strangers. B. To introduce ways to learn about the world. C. To explain how people communicate with foreigners. D. To encourage us to get along with different people. 【答案】 58.A 59.C 60.C 61.B 62.D 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查日常生活類閱讀 ?考點(diǎn)歸納 解題思路 (一)先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問

64、題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。 (二)快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題。 (三)細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H"，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What (事件)，When(時(shí)間)，Where(地點(diǎn))，Why(原因)，How(經(jīng)過)劃出來。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。 2.抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。

65、因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。 3. 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。 4.根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍)，迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種： ① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。 ② 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下

66、進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。 ③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。 題干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時(shí)，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。 ④ 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。 ⑤ 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。 ⑥ 排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。 四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。 二、題型分類 初中英語閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以順利做好這些題目： (一)選擇符合文章的選項(xiàng) (二)判斷正誤