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1、五選五+閱讀表達 專題 任務(wù)型閱讀 五選五解題方法指導(dǎo) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握北京中考五選五的命題規(guī)律； 2. 掌握北京中考五選五的解題方法； 3. 掌握北京中考五選五的高頻詞。 名師點撥 北京中考五選五命題規(guī)律總結(jié) 閱讀短文還原句子（即我們通常說的五選五）是北京中考題型中最年輕的題型，在2010年的北京中考中第一次出現(xiàn)，但值得注意的是，那時候是以五選四的形式出現(xiàn)，即五個選項，四個空格，有一個多余選項。在2015年的中考中改為五選五，延續(xù)至今。設(shè)空位置一般有三種：段首、段尾和段中，通過對年北京中考及東、西、海、朝的一模、二模試題進行分析可

2、以看出，段中設(shè)空最多，段首次之，段尾最少。 北京中考五選五材料的選取一般遵循三個原則：1. 閱讀量約在200-300字之間；2. 題材廣泛，包括日常生活類、人生百味類、教育類和社會現(xiàn)象類等；3. 體裁多樣，以記敘文和說明文為主。 北京中考五選五考察的主要內(nèi)容是：1. 學(xué)生理解故事情節(jié)和事件發(fā)展順序的能力；2. 學(xué)生理解段落中各句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的能力。主要考察的邏輯關(guān)系有五種：并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、因果邏輯、指代邏輯和總分邏輯。 針對五選五這一題型，學(xué)生要養(yǎng)成限時閱讀的習(xí)慣，提高閱讀速度，每分鐘40-50個詞為宜；同時要注意常考點，平時練習(xí)多注意代詞（it, this, they）的指代關(guān)系

3、，選項的句內(nèi)關(guān)系（如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折）及重現(xiàn)（文章及選項的復(fù)現(xiàn)提示）等。 北京中考五選五解題方法指導(dǎo) 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項，了解每個選項的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時選擇范圍會變小，可以反復(fù)對比分析，進行選擇。 第四步 回讀文

4、章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)，通常選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of

5、 us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 .（北京中考五選五） 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來對第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進行解釋的，瀏覽選項可知E選項中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相

6、反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項； 2. 選項含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對該選項進行詳細闡述、說明和例證。 典題精析 例題： 5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.（北京中考五選五） 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！?，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個更好的作家不容易”。 答

7、案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項中含有代詞，則判斷哪個空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個選項所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous place

8、s like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____.（北京東城一模五選五） 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項可知B項People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the

9、world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.（北京朝陽二模五選五） 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏

10、覽選項可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項的表達類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對這幾種類型的詳細闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our wr

11、iting skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . （北京中考五選五） 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會有幫助”。 答案：B “The f

12、ollowing tips can be helpful.” 語篇練習(xí) 分類練習(xí) 的中考及一模、二模考試中，五種邏輯的考查概率是怎樣的呢？我們一起看一下吧： 試卷 并列邏輯 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 中考 2 1 2 東城一模 2 2 1 西城一模 4 1 海淀一模 5 朝陽一模 4 1 東城二模 5 西城二模 2 2 1 海淀二模 3 1 1 朝陽二模 2 1 2 通過圖表的展示可以看出，在五

13、種邏輯的考察中，并列邏輯占據(jù)了半壁江山，剩余的部分由其它四種邏輯平分秋色，但我們不能忽視任何一種邏輯考查，接下來我們就實際操練一下吧！ 并列邏輯怎樣考？（本部分習(xí)題為并列邏輯專項練習(xí)） （北京海淀一模） Chess has been around for a long time. 1 . Chess is handed on an even older game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe. Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white p

14、ieces, the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piece called the king. 2 . There are a few more rules, but these are the basics. Some people think that chess is more than a game. They think that it makes the mind stronger. 3 . They think about wh

15、at will happen next. These skills are useful in life and in chess. Chess is kind of like exercise for the mind. There is a kind of chess with short time limits called blitz chess. 4 . The clock runs during each turn. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose. Games of blitz chess are fast-

16、paced. Chess is not just for people. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play well. They made mistakes. As time went on, they grew stronger. In 1997, a computer defeat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blu

17、e was big. It took up a whole room. 5 . Chess sure has come a long way. Don’t you think so? A. Good chess players use their brains B. By 2006, a cell phone could beat the best players in the world C. In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes for the whole game D. People have been play

18、ing chess for over 500 years E. The game ends when a player loses his or her king （北京東城二模） The Lost Dog One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didn't want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by hi

19、mself. However, another neighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him. 1 . Unfortunately, it was too late, and my dog was gone. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him. Sadly, I returned home. I told my mother what had happened and I said, “I though

20、t he would be able to come back by himself.” My mother was very angry. 2 . The signs read, “Lost：A big black dog. Please call us right away.” and she printed our phone number on the bottom. I posted the signs along the streets around. The whole time, I was very sad and worried about our dog.

21、3 . I continued looking for our dog in the neighborhood, but I didn't see him anywhere. I called out his name, looking in all the backstreets. I got more and more upset. All I wanted was to stay warm, but now I was very cold and so was my dog. Finally, I gave up. 4 “Our dog came back home by h

22、imself. So, you were right--he did come back--but you were wrong, too. You should have been more responsible this morning.” She said. “Yes, I was wrong.”I said in shame. 5 . What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end. A. I thought he must be very cold B. She decided to

23、 make some signs C. When I returned, my mother smiled D. I learned a very important lesson that day E. I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside （北京西城一模） When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. Our guide, Alison, then introduced us to a man

24、named Bruce Binkley who is a miner. Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold. 2 . It seemed simple. You get a pan, fill it with dirt and water and then swirl(旋動) it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things. Gold, being heavier, is left at the bot

25、tom. Next, we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples(樣品) of gold. We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia. 3 . That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold. Lunch was spent in a nearby p

26、ark. 4 . They were yummy! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there. 5 . We boarded the bus and felt very tired. Some children even slept on the bus! It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum. A. I had two ham sandwiches B. Finally, it was time to return to school D. He the

27、n showed us how to pan for gold E. There were also some interesting gold computer games to play （北京朝陽一模） Crystal (水晶）Shoes “Hi, Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope you’ll come. __1__ , and don’t forget!” Then she

28、left in a hurry. “What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. But Kathy was not such kind of girl, She was a quite common girl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing! “I should go. I must go!” I thought. __3__, f

29、ound my seat and sat down. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would have a hard time before her turn, for I had no sense of art. Time went slowly, I tried my best not to fall asleep. Just then, came the words “Let’s welcome the next exciting dance — Kathy!” Hearing this, I opened my eye

30、s as large as possible, I was afraid to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Kathy appeared __4__, looking like a pretty butterfly flying. I could hardly believe my eyes. __5__, I waited for her at the gate. “ Hi !”She stood in front of me with a big smile. “How do you feel?” “Fanta

31、stic!” I answered. “Haha. I knew you would be. ” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）. A. Here is the ticket B. She danced with a sweet smile C. After

32、 all the performance ended D. I arrived at the hall with the ticket （北京海淀二模） Driven to See Movies Have you ever thought of a new idea that you would like to try? In the 1930s, a man named Richard Hollingshead did. He thought of an idea to bring together his two favorite interests: cars and mov

33、ies. He wanted to start a business. 1 . Richard tested the idea in his driveway. First he put a machine called a movie projector（放映機）on his car. Then he put up a sheet（床單）between two trees. The sheet was like the white screen used in theaters. Richard played a movie on the screen using the mov

34、ie projector. Next, Richard placed a radio behind the sheet. 2 . He tried to test whether the sound could be heard from the car. He rolled his car windows up and down to find the best way to hear the movie. Finally, he tested whether a movie could be seen and heard in the rain. 3 . A. Every

35、 test he tried was successful C. Sound for the movie came from the radio D. People could watch movies from their cars （北京中考） Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the

36、 time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . Check facts. If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts. Rewrite. A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mis

37、takes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. 3 , though it takes more time and more work. C. Rewriting makes our writing better E. Good word choices are necessary for good writing （北京西城二模） Learn to Refuse Believe it or not, I’ve always been a people pleaser. I often put others before mys

38、elf because I want to make my friends happy. ______ (1). “Can you help me with English practice?” Grace asked me on the first day after she became my desk mate. “Of course,” I replied without hesitation (猶豫). Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help — although I didn’t ha

39、ve much time left for her. One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Grace’s phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. But I still have homework left and

40、 I wanted to sleep. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June. Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. Studying is more important than other things, so Grace has to co

41、me the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry … I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, it’s up to you,” she said. ______ (4). Anyway, it’s not so hard to say no at all. B. If anyone asks me for help, I always

42、say, “Yes!” C. I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply （北京朝陽二模） A Colorful World Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill. They were in the same hospital room. Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the only window of the room.

43、Mr. Martin had to spend all his time lying on his back. So they talked for hours without stopping. 2 . And every afternoon when Mr. Longman could sit up in his bed, he would talk about all the things that he could see outside the window. Mr. Martin believed that his world was made “l(fā)arger” by t

44、he “colorful” outside world. Out of the window it was a park with a lovely lake. Mr. Longman told Mr. Martin about the beautiful ducks swimming freely on the water, happy children playing around, colorful flowers and big old trees around the lake. 3 , Mr. Martin closed his eyes and tried to make t

45、he richest pictures for himself in his mind. B. When Mr. Longman told him all this D. They talked about their families and jobs 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯怎樣考？（本部分習(xí)題為轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯專項練習(xí)） （北京東城一模） Running is free, it’s easy and now it’s becoming cool as well. Many people do not have enough time to play a team sport, so inste

46、ad they have started going running. In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly. But things are changing.____1___.Some people go to lose weight while others go simply to keep fit. Even at 6 o’clock in the morning you sometimes see runners in the streets. Scientists say that running is

47、 a very good way to keep fit. Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at school. In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up. Every

48、year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben. People come from all over the world to run in it. Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even

49、people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year!_____4___; it’s because people have become more interested in running. After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves. All you need is a pair of trai

50、ners and will power, so what are you waiting for? A. It’s not because marathons have got easier D. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time （北京西城二模） One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Grace’s phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me f

51、eel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. ______ (2). This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June. Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my

52、 health. I tried to get myself out. Studying is more important than other things, so Grace has to come the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no. “Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry … I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, it’s up to you,” she said.

53、 I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply. Anyway, it’s not so hard to say no at all. To be honest, I have felt much happier since learning to refuse. I have more time to spend on my study at present. ______ (5), but sometimes I say no because I know everyone has a limit. A. But I stil

54、l have homework left and I wanted to sleep E. I still try my best to help others （北京中考） 5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. D. It is not easy to become a better writer E. Good word choices are necessary for good writ

55、ing （北京朝陽一模） “Hi, Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope you’ll come. Here is the ticket, and don’t forget!” Then she left in a hurry. “What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. __2__ She was a quite common girl

56、. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing! B. She danced with a sweet smile E. But Kathy was not such kind of girl （北京海淀二模） 5 . But people who live near the theater still enjoy this fun activity. Today drive in

57、 movie theaters give people the same joy as they did more than 80 years ago. D. People could watch movies from their cars E. Today there are fewer than 800 driver-in movie theaters （北京朝陽二模） Days and weeks passed. Mr. Longman got better. Finally he went back home. Then Mr. Martin asked the nu

58、rse if he could move to the other bed. Happily for him, the nurse said he could. When everything was done，he tried hard to raise himself a bit to see what was outside. 5 , to his surprise, he saw nothing but a wall. Mr. Martin asked the nurse what made Mr. Longman able to see so many wonderful

59、things outside. The nurse answered that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. B. When Mr. Longman told him all this E. However, when he looked out of the window 指代邏輯怎樣考？（本部分習(xí)題為指代邏輯專項練習(xí)） （北京東城一模） Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantast

60、ic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year! It’s not because marathons have got easier; it’s becau

61、se people have become more interested in running. After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners._____5____.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so what are you waiting for? B. People come from all over the world to run in it E. People find it so exciting

62、 that they want to try it themselves 因果邏輯怎樣考？（本部分習(xí)題為因果邏輯專項練習(xí)） （北京朝陽二模） A Colorful World Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the only window of the room. Mr. Martin had to spend all his ti

63、me lying on his back. So they talked for hours without stopping. They talked about their families and jobs. And every afternoon when Mr. Longman could sit up in his bed, he would talk about all the things that he could see outside the window. Mr. Martin believed that his world was made “l(fā)arger” b

64、y the “colorful” outside world. Out of the window it was a park with a lovely lake. Mr. Longman told Mr. Martin about the beautiful ducks swimming freely on the water, happy children playing around, colorful flowers and big old trees around the lake. When Mr. Longman told him all this, Mr. Martin cl

65、osed his eyes and tried to make the richest pictures for himself in his mind. Days and weeks passed. Mr. Longman got better. 4 . Then Mr. Martin asked the nurse if he could move to the other bed. Happily for him, the nurse said he could. When everything was done，he tried hard to raise himself a b

66、it to see what was outside. However, when he looked out of the window, to his surprise, he saw nothing but a wall. Mr. Martin asked the nurse what made Mr. Longman able to see so many wonderful things outside. The nurse answered that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. A. Finally he went back home C. They were in the same hospital room （北京西城二模） Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. _