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1、選修7 Unit 3 Under the sea 重難點大串講 一． 詞匯串講 1. witness n. 目擊者；證人；證據(jù) vt. 當(dāng)場(親眼)見到；目擊；見證 vi. 作證; 證明 He witnessed an accident on his way home yesterday. 昨天他在回家的路上親眼看到(vt.)一場事故。 eg. The spring of 2020 witnessed 2019-ncov spreading all over the world. (vt. 見證)。 witness to (doing) sth. 作證/證

2、明(做)某事 eg. He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作證說他看到那個人進(jìn)入房間。 witness for... 為…作證 è give witness to為…作證；證明… be (a) witness to為…作證；目擊…；是…的目擊者；是…的證人/證據(jù) eg. The lawyer witnessed for (=gave witness to) the old man at the court. 那位律師在法庭上為那位老人作證。 思考：The witness (目擊者) who witnessed (目

3、擊) the accident gave witness (證據(jù)) to the police and promised to be a witness (證人) to the accident. 2．a(chǎn)nnual??adj. 每年的；年度的　n. 年刊；年鑒 Our school's annual sports day took place yesterday in 30－degree heat. 昨天，學(xué)校一年一度的運動會在30度的高溫下舉行了。 3．opposite?adj. (無比較級) ①對面的；相對的②(截然)相反的；對立的　n. [C]反義詞；對立面　prep.在……的對

4、面 We have opposite views on politics.我們的政治觀點不同。 She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.她注意到一個人在路的對面走著。 4．pause??n. [C]中止；停頓；暫?！i. 中止；停頓；暫停 She talked for an hour and a half without pause.她連續(xù)說了一個半小時，中間沒有停歇。 After you introduce the topic，pause to hear what your partner says

5、. 在你引入了這個話題后，停下來聽聽你的伙伴怎么說。 5．flee(fled，fled) ?vt. 逃離；逃避　vi. 逃走；逃避 Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods. 許多人為躲避洪水都逃到了山上。 The smile fled from his face.他臉上的笑容傾刻時消失了。 6．drag??vt. 拖拽； 吃力地往前拉　vi.落后； 緩慢前進(jìn) ?n. 拖，拉；?累贅 We all have a good laugh，so the time never drags.我們經(jīng)常

6、笑得很開心，所以時間過得快。 She dragged herself out of bed，still half asleep.她掙扎著起了床，還是睡眼惺忪。 7．urge?vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策 urge vt. 催促；極力主張；力勸；驅(qū)策 n. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動 èurgent adj. 緊急的；急迫的 urge sb. to do ... è urge sb. into doing ...催促/力勸某人做某事 have an urge to do … 迫切要求做某事；極想做某事 urge that…(should) do… èIt is urged that

7、… (should) do… 極力主張/強(qiáng)烈要求/催促…做…(虛擬語氣) They urged me to eat (into eating) the strange food.他們慫恿我吃那種奇怪的食物。 He urged that we (should) take such steps.他極力主張我們采取這些措施。 8．a(chǎn)bandon/?'b?nd?n/?vt. 放棄；遺棄 ?n. [U]放任；狂放 Don't abandon yourself to despair.不要自暴自棄。 (1)abandon...to... ?把……遺棄給…… with abandon ?放肆地

8、(2)abandoned?adj. 被拋棄的；報廢的 (3)abandon oneself to(to為介詞) ?沉溺于；縱情 同義短語：apply oneself to，devote oneself to，resign oneself to等。 (1)背棄祖國/朋友：abandon one's country/friend (2)拋棄家庭：abandon one's family　 (3)革除陋習(xí)：abandon a bad habit (4)放棄職位/希望/計劃/主意：abandon one's post/hope/plan/idea 9．target?n. 目標(biāo)；靶子；受批

9、評的對象 I aimed the gun carefully at the target.我小心地用槍瞄準(zhǔn)了目標(biāo)。 10．sharp?adj. ①鋒利的；尖的 ②敏銳的；機(jī)警的 ③尖刻的；嚴(yán)厲的 Mary，who has sharp eyes，can see through others.瑪麗，目光敏銳，能看透別人。 sharpen?vt. 磨快；使敏捷；使尖銳 sharpener?n. [C]磨具；卷筆刀 11.reflect vt. 映射；反射；；反映；思考 vi. 思考 è n. reflection 反映；反射；映像 Tang poetry refle

10、cts traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. reflect on/upon 認(rèn)真思考，沉思；回想；反思 She sat reflecting on/upon how much had changed since she had bought the farm. The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection (reflect) in the mirror. 12.be/become aware of 意識到…；明白…；知道…； be aware

11、 that…意識到…；明白…；知道…； awareness n. 意識；認(rèn)識 raise awareness (of…) 提高…的意識 試翻譯：我們要提高保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識。 We should raise awareness of protecting the environment. 13．help(...)?out?幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危險 cannot help doing sth?禁不住做某事 14．be/become aware of?對……知道、明白；意識到…… 15．upside down?上下翻轉(zhuǎn) 16．(be)scared to death嚇?biāo)懒?

12、 17.hold up 舉起；支撐 hold back 抑制；忍??；隱瞞 hold on堅持；別掛電話 18.without pausing一刻不停地 19.lead us to the hunt 帶我們?nèi)ゲ东C的地方 (lead sb. to + space帶某人去某地) 20.a pack of excited dogs 一群發(fā)狂的狗 21.the depths of the sea 海洋深處 22.have a good feed on…飽餐一頓… 23.be washed off the boat 被沖下了船 24.have a good feed on...飽餐一頓

13、 feed：n.meals or food for babies or animals 餐、頓。如： When is the baby's next feed?下一次要什么時候喂這個嬰兒？ v．give food to 喂養(yǎng) feed sb./sth.on sth.＝feed sth.to sb./sth. 喂……吃…… feed on 以……為食(一般指動物)近義詞 live on The prison is required to feed and clothe the prisoners.監(jiān)獄被要求向犯人提供食物和衣服。 Several children were feed

14、ing bread to the ducks.＝Several children were feeding ducks on bread.幾個孩子正在喂鴨子吃面包。 Owls feed on mice and other small animals.貓頭鷹以老鼠和其他小動物為食。 二． 句型串講 1. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. (Being badly wounded在句中作原因狀語) being +done...(作原因、時間等狀語)；邏輯主語與done是被動關(guān)系 Being badly wounded, the wha

15、le soon died. 鯨因為受了重傷, 沒過多久就死了。(B7 P20) Being badly injured in a traffic accident, he had to be in hospital for at least two weeks.由于在一起交通事故中嚴(yán)重受傷, 他不得不住院至少兩個星期。 2. I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on，I raced after him. (

16、being kept作like的賓語，have…on 穿著…) 3. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. (It takes sb. time to do…常用句型；being firmly held作saw的賓語補(bǔ)足語) 4. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是……的 The sea was

17、 rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天風(fēng)高浪大, 很難操作船只。若形容詞(adj. )是指代事物的特征時，如important，easy，difficult，strange，necessary，等，則用for；如果是說明人的性格特征的形容詞，如kind，polite，foolish，warmhearted，cruel，stupid等，則用of。 ⑵It is very kind of you(你真好) to help me with my math. 5. It takes (sb.) time/money/e

18、nergy to do sth. 做某事花費某人多少時間/金錢/精力 It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James. 用了半個多小時才把船劃回到詹姆斯身邊。 It took them a long time to be friends again after the quarrel. 爭吵之后，他們花了很長時間才重新成為朋友。 6．As?I was sorting out my accommodation，I?heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 正在我找住處的時候，我聽到從海

19、灣那邊傳來一陣喧鬧聲。 7．This was the call that announced?there was about to be?a whale hunt. 這是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的呼聲。 8．Being badly wounded，the whale soon died.由于嚴(yán)重受傷，鯨魚很快就死了。 三． 語法串講 1．現(xiàn)在分詞(－ing 形式)的構(gòu)成。 v.-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 構(gòu)成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，v.－ing 可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成v.－ing短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 2．動詞－ing 形式的被動式

20、分一般式和完成式： (1) 一般式：表示這個被動的動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 (2) 完成式：強(qiáng)調(diào)這個被動的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前完成。 　　語態(tài)時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 (not)doing (not)being done 完成式 (not)having done (not)having been done 3.動詞－ing的被動式的句法功能。 (1)作主語。如：So_being_killed_by_sharks was a common thing. (2)作賓語，用在介詞后或需要帶－ing 形式作賓語的動詞后。如： George

21、 didn't like being_kept_waiting. He was terrified of being_abandoned_by_us. Do you remember_having_been_taken to Beijing at the age of ten? (3)作表語。如： What worried the child most was his not_being_allowed_to visit his mother in the hospital. (4)作定語。如： The problem being_discussed is of great imp

22、ortance. (5)作狀語。如： Having_been_shown_around the library，we were taken to see the lab. (6)作補(bǔ)足語。如： As we drew closer，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers. When we approached him，I saw James being_held_up in the water by Old Tom. [注意] (1)v.－ing 形式的被動式主要在句子中作狀語、

23、賓語補(bǔ)足語和定語。但v.－ing 形式的被動式的完成式，一般在句中作狀語(偶爾作非限定定語)，不作其他成分。 They don't like the_design_of_the_new_bridge_being_built.(正在建造的橋的設(shè)計) Not_having_been_completed，the museum can't be visited yet.(由于沒有完工……) (2)v.－ing 形式的被動式邏輯主語(即動作的承受者)如果也是主句的主語，就不需要表示出來，但是如果邏輯主語不是主句的主語，就得把v.－ing 形式自己的主語表示出來。如： The whole clas

24、sroom having_been_cleaned，the students went home happily. (3)在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等動詞及形容詞worth后，習(xí)慣用動詞－ing的主動形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于“to be done”。如： The house wants_cleanin這房屋需要打掃。 My watch needs_repairing.我的手表需要修理。 The way deserves_mentioning.這個方法值得一提。 These young trees will require_lo

25、oking_after carefully.這些小樹需要細(xì)心照顧。 The film is worth_seeing.這部影片值得一看。 四． 話題串講 （一）話題綜述 本單元的中心話題是＂海底世界＂。本單元的所有活動主要圍繞海底動植物、海底奇妙景觀，以及有關(guān)大海的故事展開，旨在幫助學(xué)生更多地了解海洋（海底）生物，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛和保護(hù)海洋生物的意識。 （二） 話題詞匯 1. wildlife n.野生動植物 2. danger n.危險 3. protect v.保護(hù) 4. protection n.保護(hù) 5. growth n.成長；增長 6. risk n 危

26、險 7. natural adj.自然的 8. affect /influence/impact v.影響 9. effect /influence n.影響 10. peace n.和平；和睦；安寧 11. convenience n.方便；便利 12.convenient adj 方便的；便利的 13. expand v.擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展 14. expansion n.擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展 15. residential adj.居住的 16.resident n.居民 17. wild adj.野生的 18. advantage n.好處；利益 19. disa

27、dvantage n.弊端 20. beauty n.美；漂亮 21. harmonious adj.和諧的 22. harmony n.和諧 話題短語 1. bring about 帶來；引起(=cause) 2. habitat destruction of animals 動物棲息地的破壞 3. die out 滅亡；逐漸消失 4. tear down 拆掉；拆毀 5. destroy forests 毀壞森林 6. in danger (of) 在危險中；垂危 7.protect…from… 保護(hù)…不受…(危害) 8. at a…rate 以……比率

28、9. endangered animals 瀕危動物 10.protect rare animals 保護(hù)稀有動物 11. have an effect/influence on 對……產(chǎn)生影響 12. raise the awareness of… 喚醒…的意識 13. take action to do sth 采取行動 14. lead to導(dǎo)致(=result in) 15. be concerned about關(guān)注；擔(dān)心 16.承擔(dān)做某事的責(zé)任 take the responsibility of doing sth 17.以犧牲..作為代價 at the cost/

29、 expense of our environment (三）話題句型? 1. Many people are concerned about the disappearing of animals and plants. 很多人為動植物的消失而擔(dān)心。 2. We should raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife.我們應(yīng)該喚醒大眾對于野生動植物的保護(hù)意識。 3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situa

30、tion 我急切呼吁應(yīng)該采取措施改變現(xiàn)狀 4.（Sth.）are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them. 如果我們繼續(xù)睜一只眼閉一只眼的話，......一定會有惡劣的后果 5. If we don’t take action to protect wildlife, they will die out some day.如果我們不采取行動保護(hù)野生動物, 有朝一日它們將全部消亡。 6. People’s overhunting resulted in some ani

31、mals’ dying out.人們的過度捕殺導(dǎo)致了一些動物的滅絕。 （四）話題典例 假如你是李華，請你針對以下內(nèi)容，寫一封保護(hù)動物的倡議信。 現(xiàn)狀：砍伐樹木，破壞生態(tài)平衡，許多動植物處于危險中 建議：1. 喚醒人們保護(hù)野生動植物意識 ???2. 政府應(yīng)該致力于保護(hù)野生動植物，保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的動物不受殺害 3. 采取有效措施保護(hù)珍稀動物，嚴(yán)罰捕獵者 ???4. 和動物和諧相處，創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 【參考范文】 With?more and more trees cut down, the balance of

32、nature has been damaged, which?has caused many wild animals and plants in danger of extinction.?Therefore,it’s high time that?we?aroused?people’s awareness of wildlife protection.Besides,?our government should devote to protecting wildlife,?preventing?the endangered animals from being killed.?Furthermore,?effective measures should be taken to protect rare wildlife, including punishing the hunters severely.?Last but not least,?we should live in harmony with animals, creating?a pleasant ecological environment. ? 11