Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing [基礎訓練] Ⅰ　單詞拼寫 1．They have taught a new trick to the ________ (海豚)． 答案：dolphin 2．She was overcome with ________ (情緒) and burst into tears. 答案：emotion 3．My ________ (皮膚) is getting a little dry recently. 答案：skin 4．He was an u________ man with great business talents and a kind heart. 答案：unusual 5．Add a tablespoon of honey to the lemon juice and s________ the mixture. 答案：stir Ⅱ　單句語法填空 1．They traveled under the ________ (protect) of a number of soldiers. 答案：protection 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Your personal circumstances are ________ (equal) important. 答案：equally 3．The young teacher told the student to pay attention to ________ (spell)． 答案：spelling 4．The Government continues to pour ________ (billion) of pounds into the project. 答案：billions 5．In the worst case, I could become a ________ (home) person. 答案：homeless Ⅲ　單句寫作 1．他們能在車禍中幸免于難真是幸運。 They were very lucky ____________ the accident. 答案：to survive 2．醫(yī)療和社會保障之類的大型項目是由政府支付。 Big things, ____________ hospitals and social security, are paid for by the Government. 答案：such as 3．正在緊急開展研究，以便對此事有更多了解。 Research is ____________________ urgently to find out more about the issue. 答案：being carried out 4．這個設計一定能吸引注意力。 The design is sure to ________________. 答案：attract attention 5．你需要收集信息來支持你的觀點。 You need to gather information to ______________________________. 答案：support your opinion [思維訓練] Ⅰ　閱讀理解 What do the following animals have in common? Pandas, rhinoceros, Mexican burrowing snakes, pink pigeons and small tooth sawfish. They are all endangered animals! Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons. Sadly, humans are behind every one of them! For centuries, humans have hunted elephants for their tusks, and killed tigers for their beautiful furs, caught fish for food. While we still have elephants, tigers, and fish in the wild, we cannot say the same about many others that have simply died out! Year 1505 was a dreadful turning point in the natural history of the island of Mauritius—European sailors discovered this beautiful island in the Indian Ocean and brought dogs, pigs, monkeys with them. The arrival of humans and those introduced animal species were bad news for dodo birds (渡渡鳥). About 50 pounds and flightless, dodo birds did not have any natural enemies until then. They picked fruits fallen from trees and built their nests on the ground. Shortly after humans set foot on Mauritius, however, dodo birds realized that they were in big trouble—men killed them for their meat, and those introduced animal species destroyed their nests and ate their eggs. The effects of excessive hunting and foreign species drove dodo birds to first become much fewer and then die out. The last dodo bird was killed in 1681. Humans and animals have always competed for land and other natural resources. We clear an area of a forest for farming. We cut down trees and use wood to build beautiful houses. We build reservoirs to make sure that we have enough water to use. At the same time that we are trying to make our life comfortable, we destroy the habitats of wild animals. More than once we have seen on television that rescue workers are trying their best to save seabirds in spilled (泄漏的) oil. More than once we have heard about how emissions of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳的排放) and other gases have raised the Earth temperature and caused global warming. Pollution has a serious and long­lasting effect. If we choose to do nothing and continue to pollute our planet Earth, our next generations will have to face an Earth without birds singing and beasts roaring. 篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了導致許多動物滅絕的原因，而每種原因都和人類有關系。文章意在警醒人類應該保護野生動物， 保護地球。 1．How many reasons are given by the author to explain why the animals become endangered? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。文章第三至六段講述了動物滅絕的四個原因，即過度捕殺、外來物種的進入、棲息地遭破壞和環(huán)境污染。 2．What does the underlined word “dreadful” (in Paragraph 4) mean? A．Surprising. B．Exciting. C．Unpleasant. D．Quick. 答案：C　詞義猜測題。從本段的內(nèi)容分析可知正是人類的到來和外來物種的進入使得dodo birds面臨滅頂之災， 所以應是一個不好的、令人不愉快的轉折點， 故選C。 3．Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A．how excessive hunting led to endangerment of animals B．when foreign species entered the island of Mauritius C．the human activities caused the loss of habitats of animals D．pollution played a main role in the worsening of environment 答案：C　段落大意題。從本段可知正是人類的活動使得動物們的棲息地遭到了破壞， 故選C。 1．sailor n. 水手；海員 2.arrival n. 到達；到來 3．excessive adj. 過度的 4.reservoir n. 水庫 set foot on 涉足；踏上……的土地 Ⅱ　七選五 (2019·大連市高一聯(lián)考)Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.__1__ The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses.__2__So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases. Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none.__3__However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today. Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains.__4__We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. __5__But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food. A．Stone Age people lived a simple life. B．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. C．In that case, they would live much healthier. D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise. E．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these. F．People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors. G．Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization”． 篇章導讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者提出了一種觀點，認為現(xiàn)代人的生活方式、食物結構發(fā)生了很大變化，隨之而來的是各種“文明病”的興起。要阻止這種現(xiàn)象就要回到石器時代向古人學習。 1．C　 前面提到“建議人們回到10,000多年前，像當時的人們那樣吃東西”，為什么呢？后續(xù)語境給出答案：為了健康。故選C。 2．B　上文提到，我們的身體不能應對生活方式的改變因此帶來了一些新的疾病，現(xiàn)在人們稱之為“文明病”，而以前呢？在古代卻沒有聽說過這些疾病。故選B。 3．D　此處關聯(lián)語境為新時期和舊石器時代人們的生活方式，5個選項中只有D與之匹配。 4．E　前面為古人的飲食特點，下文為現(xiàn)代人的飲食結構，而此處承上啟下，作為過渡。 5．F　所在部分為全文結論。But表轉折，后面為科學家建議的飲食結構，故空格處應表達與此相反的內(nèi)容。 Ⅲ　概要寫作 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Every time we breathe or burn something we turn oxygen in the air into carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in turn is used by plants to breathe and is changed back into oxygen creating a balanced cycle. The total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is quite small. If we increase our oxygen burning—for example, by burning a lot of coal or oil to generate electricity or run our cars—and cut down trees, we increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. This makes the air a little heavier and it starts acting like a thicker blanket around our earth, warming it up. The actual amount of warming is only a few degrees but it is enough to disrupt (使混亂) the delicate balance of nature—melt the polar ice, raise sea levels, cause violent hurricanes and endanger species such as the polar bears and some rare birds. The polar bears are born in dens or caves on land while their mother sleeps through the winter. The mother and the babies emerge around March famished (挨餓) from a long seclusion and must immediately hunt to feed themselves to stay alive. Now, polar bears cannot hunt on land; the only hunting they know is to catch seals from floating ice in the open ocean. The floating ice is located at the edge of the polar ice cap—a floating frozen mass that covers the North Polar arctic region, which is all ocean. So in March the polar bear mother and cubs swim from the land in Spitsbergen to the edge of the polar ice cap so that they can hunt. Normally this is a short swim, since in March the polar ice cap is very close to the land, and the polar bears, even babies, are good swimmers. However, last year we saw that the polar ice cap had really shrunk in size due to meltdown from global warming. This meant that the polar bears had to swim many miles from the land in Spitsbergen—sometimes hundreds of miles—to find the floating ice where they could hunt. Swimming hundreds of miles, especially when they are famished and have hungry babies in tow is really very hard and many bears are dying through drowning and starvation. 寫前導讀：本文是一篇說明文。講述了因為人類使用了太多的煤和石油，造成了二氧化碳的急劇上升，北極熊因此而面臨著生存威脅?！? [精彩范文] Due to our burning a lot of coal or oil, the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing very rapidly. (要點1) So the ice in the North Pole is melting quickly. (要點2) This is a great threat to the polar bears. (要點3) After a long hunger, they are weak and can not swim a long distance, but they have to swim a few miles and even hundreds of miles. (要點4) Many starve or get drowned on the way. (要點5) - 6 -