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1、訓練10 Ⅰ.完形填空 I had just arrived in this Asian country for a one－year teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture __1__. Since all the __2__ were taken, I stood

2、. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag. __3__ I probably was in someone's way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion (動作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was __4__. I turned around to see who the thief was. I looked at the people standing behind me, but didn't s

3、ee my bag or anyone __5__. My heart sank and I began to __6__. I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my __7__. I tried to get it back from her lap. But as I began to __8__ it up, she quickly grabbed (抓住) it back and held onto i

4、t. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any __9__ of the situation. Trying not to cause a(n) __10__， I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she __11__ my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She

5、 picked up my bag, showing how __12__ it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to __13__ me. At the next stop, a middle－aged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, __14__ it on her lap. They didn't talk; __15__ this older woman was mor

6、e than pleased to sit with this stranger's bag on her lap throughout her journey. As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman __16__ handed me back my bag. But __17__ I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd. Sadly, this

7、considerate custom was more __18__ to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbed—that was __19__ city behavior—but having a stranger hold onto someone's bag out of __20__， in a city of twelve million people—that was truly unusual. 篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在亞洲某國旅游時，在地鐵上

8、由于文化差異而引起的一場誤會。 1．A.loss B．aim C．difference D．cause 答案：C　由下文可知，本文講述的就是一場由于文化差異而引起的誤會。故此處表示文化差異，選C。 2．A.cars B．stations C．buses D．seats 答案：D　根據后面的“I stood”可知，“我”之所以站著，是因為“座位”都被坐滿了。 3．A.Assuming B．Deciding C．Admitting D．Expecting 答案：A　由前一句可知，“我”以為擋住了別人的路，故輕微地移動了一下身子。assume “認為”，符合語境。故選A。

9、 4．A.broken B．gone C．opened D．emptied 答案：B　根據前面的“I felt my bag removed from my back (我覺得包從我的背上移開)”可知，“我”的包丟了。故選B。 5．A.cautious B．nervous C．suspicious D．dangerous 答案：C　“我”向后看，并沒有找到“我”的包，也沒有發(fā)現任何可疑的人。 6．A.regret B．scream C．leave D．panic 答案：D　當作者發(fā)現自己的包丟了，開始慌了。 7．A.book B．map C．money D．bag 答案：

10、D　作者發(fā)現自己的包在一個老婦人的大腿上。 8．A.check B．bring C．pull D．wrap 答案：C　根據前面的“I tried to get it back from her lap.”可知，作者打算把自己的包拉回來。 9．A.advantage B．notice C．charge D．photo 答案：B　沒有人注意到這種情境。take notice of “注意到”，故選B。 10．A.scene B．attack C．accident D．change 答案：A　“我”竭力不引發(fā)爭吵。scene “(尤指在公共場合)爭吵，吵嘴”，符合語境。故選A。

11、11．A.ignored B．handled C．considered D．received 答案：A　作者認為老婦人“忽視”自己的請求，不打算將包歸還。ignore “忽視”，符合語境。故選A。 12．A.small B．useful C．special D．heavy 答案：D　根據老婦人的動作“She picked up my bag”可知，她想表明這個包很沉重。 13．A.remind B．help C．tease D．warn 答案：B　作者明白了老婦人不是想把包據為己有，而是覺得包太沉了，想要幫忙拿著包，是要幫助作者。 14．A.setting B．tapping

12、 C．closing D．dropping 答案：A　在另一站，也有一個老人把別人的包“放在”自己的大腿上。 15．A.so B．yet C．or D．because 答案：B　該空前后兩句是轉折關系，句意：她們沒有交談(互不相識)，但是，這個老人非常愿意在旅途中將這個陌生人的包放在自己的大腿上。根據語境可知，此處選表示轉折意義的yet。 16．A.angrily B．gently C．anxiously D．gratefully 答案：B　由前文可知，老人是在幫“我”，所以當“我”到站了，要下車時，老人溫柔地將包歸還給“我”。 17．A.until B．once C．be

13、fore D．while 答案：C　根據后面的“she had disappeared into the crowd”可知，在“我”道謝之前，老人已經消失在人群中了。 18．A.boring B．annoying C．surprising D．disappointing 答案：C　根據前文的描述可知，這種體貼周到的風俗習慣令作者感到意外。 19．A.suitable B．harmful C．practical D．usual 答案：D　大家都聽說過搶劫，這在城市里很常見。 20．A.kindness B．curiosity C．pity D．desperation 答案：A

14、　句意：搶劫大家都聽說過，但是在一個擁有這么多人口的城市里，像這樣出于好意幫他們拎包的行為真的是罕見的。根據語境可知，這種幫助陌生人的行為是出于好意。故選項A符合題意。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2019·湖南三十四校聯考)Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists： Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though

15、I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world's problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or dest

16、roy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are

17、teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever－increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take

18、 over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large－scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans. Scientist C: I'm a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie

19、image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls (頭骨) and think of what's happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally

20、 deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. 篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三位科學家關于人工智能的討論記錄。 1．What is Scientist B worried about? A．AI technology will destroy th

21、e earth. B．Computers can't think by themselves. C．Robots will take the place of humans. D．Humans will be unhappy without machines. 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This c

22、ould mean large－scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科學家B擔心機器人會代替人類，造成人類失業(yè)、貧窮和社會動蕩。故選C。 2．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. B．The movie image of a terrifying Terminator. C．“Murderbots” can't decide by themselves. D．“Murderb

23、ots” will be against humans' orders. 答案：D　指代判斷題。根據畫線詞前一句“The next step will be autonomous ‘murderbots’ following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自動“殺人機器人”服從人類的命令，但最后殺死誰由他們自己決定。句中this指“殺人機器人不服從人類的命令”。故選D。 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Scientist A thinks AI technolog

24、y will never develop. B．The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future. C．“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars. D．All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“In the short term, there is the dang

25、er that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，機器人會代替人類工作，造成人類失業(yè)。也就是說，未來人工智能技術將會影響就業(yè)。故選B。 4．Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects? A．Scientist A. B．Scientist B. C．Scientists B & C. D．Scientists A & B. 答案：C　推理判斷

26、題。根據第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科學家A認為人工智能的積極因素比消極因素多。根據第三段中的“ ... there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large－scale poverty and social unrest”和第四段

27、中的“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科學家B和科學家C認為人工智能的消極因素比積極因素多。故選C。 B Money is the root of all evil (邪惡) and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. S

28、cientists at the University of California Berkeley, the US, announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the Natio

29、nal Academy of Sciences (PNAS《美國國家科學院院刊》)． They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ig

30、nored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving modest cars. In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do immoral things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she

31、 gave back more change. Students from higher－class families were more likely to act dishonestly. According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks, it also means they care less about other people's feelings. Finally, i

32、t just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self－interest，” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study. Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people ar

33、e untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in different ways. 篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。金錢是萬惡之源嗎？科學家通過實驗證明：富有的人比窮人更加有可能做不道德的事。 5．By saying “Money is the root of all evil (邪惡)”， the aut

34、hor wants to ________. A．link wealth with bad behavior B．draw readers' attention to the research C．show how the saying proves the findings D．defend rich people who do immoral things 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying ... that rich people are more lik

35、ely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people”可知，用這個俗語“金錢是萬惡之源”來引出本文的話題——富人們比窮人們更加有可能做不道德的事情，目的是吸引讀者對這個研究的注意，故答案為B。 6．Why did the scientists do the experiments? A．To show how social status affects people's morality. B．To show people's instincts and values in different ways.

36、C．To test whether the saying “Money is the root of all evil.” is true. D．To show the difference between higher－class people and lower－class people. 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in d

37、ifferent ways.”可知，實驗的目的是展示不同社會階層的人們如何以不同的方式來表達他們的本能和價值觀。故選A項。 7．What does the passage really want to show us? A．The poor are respectable. B．Money is the root of all evil. C．All rich people are untrustworthy. D．The rich are more likely to act badly. 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段科學家發(fā)表的研究結論可知，富人們更加有可能做不道德的事

38、。故D項是正確的。 C Driving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerve－racking (神經緊張的). I had never been to such an amazing national park before, yet I wasn't the most athletic person so I knew that I couldn't stick through all the hiking up and down. It actually ended up being a fun and adve

39、nturous experience. The ride there was definitely long but worth it. As I woke up from my nap, I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams. The trails were made nicely for visitors. The waterfalls were breathtaking. Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even th

40、ough I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun. The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together. The great thing about nature is that, it's just you, the views, and the people aro

41、und you. There's nothing there to bother you and it's the best way to relax and enjoy yourself. Yosemite has 5 of the world's highest waterfalls, and about 300 lakes. The structure of each mountain is incredible; it's formed in ways that almost take your breath away. Some of them are of a deep dark

42、color with waterfalls forming; some are formed with spots of green peeking (窺探) out. It's definitely something you wouldn't want to miss. Yosemite isn't the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends. It's a great tim

43、e to bond, laugh, and take in what Mother Nature offers. 篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了作者與家人在Yosemite國家公園的一次有趣而又充滿冒險的游玩經歷。通過這一次游玩，他們不但充分享受了大自然的美景，也與家人感受了天倫之樂。 8．The author writes the first paragraph mainly to ________. A．introduce the topic of this passage B．offer an example to us C．tell us his future pla

44、n for hiking D．describe a national park 答案：A　推理判斷題。文章第一段采用先抑后揚的寫作手法，突出說明這次Yosemite國家公園游玩活動既有趣又充滿冒險，為下文的描寫埋下伏筆，故首段是為了引出文章話題，故選A。 9．While climbing up rocks, the author was ________. A．nerve－racking B．injured C．pleased D．worried 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段第五、六句“Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite pa

45、rts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun.”可知，作者在攀爬巖石的時候是開心的。 10．According to the passage, Yosemite ________. A．is crowded with visitors every day B．is the only great National Park C．is worth travelling to D．is nothing but a common destination 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段可知，作者

46、認為Yosemite是一個值得帶著家人和朋友去享受自然的好地方。 11．The author suggests us ________. A．keeping a good bond with other people B．visiting Yosemite now and then C．trying to protect the environment D．going out to enjoy the beauty of nature 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中的“I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends”可知，作者極力推薦我們去戶外欣賞大自然的美景。 - 9 -