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1、選修7 Unit1 Living well 重難點(diǎn)大串講 一． 詞匯串講 1.disability????? n. disability?可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，用作可數(shù)名詞表“殘疾”；用作不可數(shù)名詞表“無(wú)能、勞動(dòng)能力喪失”。 【歸納拓展】 able adj.　unable adj.　enable v.disable v.disabled adj.　ability n.disability n.inability n. disability?（因疾?。o(wú)能 She learned to triumph over her disabil

2、ity.她學(xué)會(huì)了戰(zhàn)勝她自身的殘疾。 His disability caused this thing to fail.他的無(wú)能導(dǎo)致了這件事失敗。? 2. beneficial adj. 【歸納拓展】 n.benefit v.benefit It's a beneficial result to us.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)那是有利的結(jié)果。 Word of mouth advertising is the mostbeneficial.口碑廣告是最有利的。 It was for the benefit of your company thatwe did that.我們這樣做都是為了你們公

3、司的利益。 Applications for unemployment benefitsdropped last month. 上個(gè)月申請(qǐng)失業(yè)津貼的人數(shù)下降了。 A benefit performance will be held tonight.今晚有義演。 The plants benefited from the rain.植物得益于這場(chǎng)雨。 The new hospital will benefit the entirecommunity.新醫(yī)院將有益于整個(gè)社區(qū)。 A large number of students will benefitfrom the new t

4、eaching method. 多數(shù)學(xué)生將從這個(gè)新的教學(xué)方法中得益。 【歸納拓展】 be beneficial to有益于 benefit?vt.&vi.（常與from,by連用）獲益；得益于 beneficial?是形容詞 benefit?既可作名詞又可作動(dòng)詞 ?3.adapt???vt. I have learned to adapt to my disability.我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)我的殘疾。 He adapted himself to the cold weather.他適應(yīng)了寒冷的天氣。? When he moved to Canada,th

5、e childrenadapted to the change very well. 他移居加拿大后孩子們很能適應(yīng)變化。 Here is a letter adapted from DearMary,Philadelphia Bulletin,March 9,1973.這里摘登一封《親愛(ài)的瑪麗》的回信,刊登在1973年3月9日的《費(fèi)城公報(bào)》上。 【歸納拓展】 adapt for使適合于;為……改編/改寫(xiě)?yīng)? adapt from根據(jù)……改寫(xiě)/改編 adapt oneself to使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于某事 adapt sth.to使某事物適應(yīng)或適合 特別提示 ada

6、pt adjust fit suit match  都含“適合?、適應(yīng)”的意思。 adapt?指“修改或改變以適應(yīng)新條件”,如: You should adapt yourself to the newenvironment.你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 adjust?指“調(diào)整、調(diào)節(jié)”使之適應(yīng),如: You can’t see through the telescope untilit is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望遠(yuǎn)鏡調(diào)節(jié)到適合你的目光之后,你才看得見(jiàn)。 fit?多指“大小適合”,引伸為“吻合”,如: The shoes fit

7、me well. 這鞋我穿正好。 suit?多指“合乎要求、?口味、性格、情況”,如: No dish suits all tastes.眾口難調(diào)。 match?指“大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等相配或相稱”,如: A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.紅上衣與綠褲子不相配。? 4.annoy???vt. I do not get annoyed.我一點(diǎn)也不生氣。 These flies are annoying me.這些蒼蠅真讓人討厭。 We’re annoyed at his cavalier treatm

8、ent ofhis old friends. 他用這種傲慢的態(tài)度對(duì)待老朋友,我們都感到氣憤。 【歸納拓展】 be annoyed with sb.for/at sth.為(某事)對(duì)(某人)生氣 特別提示??? annoy bother都含有“使惱怒”或“使煩惱”的意思。 annoy?指由于干擾、不順利或受不了某種外界情況等而“使煩惱、懊惱”,如: I was annoyed by his bad manners.他的無(wú)禮使我惱怒。 bother?指不停地“擾亂、麻煩”,使人不能安寧,而產(chǎn)生煩惱的心理。?如: Pardon me for bothering

9、you with such asmall matter.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫覟檫@點(diǎn)小事麻煩你。 ?5.conduct????n.v. Why has his fellow students conduct changedtowards Marty? 為什么馬蒂的同學(xué)對(duì)他的行為有所改變？ His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。 Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子們品行良好。 My aunt conducts her business verysuccessfully.我的嬸嬸把

10、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)得很成功。 The headmaster conducted us round theschool.校長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里參觀了一圈。 【歸納拓展】 ?conduct n. (1)行為、品行(2)進(jìn)行、引導(dǎo)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、指導(dǎo) (3)護(hù)送、帶領(lǐng)(樂(lè)隊(duì)等)(4)管/處理、實(shí)施(5)方法、情節(jié) conduct vt. (1)進(jìn)行(2)引導(dǎo)、帶領(lǐng)、牽引(3)指揮(4)導(dǎo)（電）(5)表現(xiàn)(6)處理、經(jīng)營(yíng)、實(shí)施 Conduct vi.(1)引/指導(dǎo)、指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏(2)任售票員(3)傳導(dǎo) 特別提示 conduct+or?構(gòu)成名詞（公共汽車、電車等

11、的）“售票員”，（樂(lè)隊(duì)的）指揮等。 6.resign ??v. If Tom resigns, who will get the job?如果湯姆辭職，誰(shuí)會(huì)得到這份工作？ He resigned his post because he had beenoffered a better job. 他辭職了，因?yàn)樗辛烁玫墓ぷ?。? 【歸納拓展】 resignation n.辭職（書(shū)），遺棄 He handed in his resignation.他遞交了辭職書(shū)。 resigned adj.屬?gòu)牡?，順從的? 特別提示 resign oneself to?使

12、（自己）聽(tīng)任，順從 7.assistance???n.［U］ I was given some assistance in coming to mydecision. 我作出這項(xiàng)決定時(shí)得到過(guò)一些幫助。 Unless we receive more financial assistancefrom the government, the hospital will have to close.如果我們得不到政府財(cái)政上更多的援助，這家醫(yī)院就得停辦。 【歸納拓展】 assist v.幫助assistant n.助理，助手 特別提示 help和assistant的同

13、義詞辨析： 動(dòng)詞help?和assistant?的含義往往相同，但assistant?較正式，而且總是暗示被幫助者自己也在做一部分工作。 I can’t push the car on my own—will someone help /assistant me? 我自己推不動(dòng)這輛車，有誰(shuí)能幫我一下嗎？ If someone is in difficulties,you helpthem.（不能用assistant）若某人處于困境，你幫助他。 help后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，而?assistant?則不能這樣用。 ?panion?????n. He is a goo

14、d traveling companion for me. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)好的旅行伙伴。 I hope she will become the companion of mylifetime. 我希望她能成為我的終生伴侶。 【歸納拓展】 companionship n.伴侶關(guān)系，友誼 companionable adj.適宜做伴的，友好的 特別提示 companion to?與另一物相配之物 I used to have a companion to that vase,butI broke it. 我那個(gè)花瓶以前是一對(duì)，但我把另一個(gè)打碎了。 9

15、.congratulate v. We congratulated her on the birth of herdaughter.我們祝賀她喜得千金。 She congratulated herself on not lookingher age.她非常慶幸自己不顯老。 【歸納拓展】 congratulation n.恭喜，道賀 特別提示 Congratulations(on...)!祝賀你（……）! ?10.accessible????adj. The island is accessible only by boat.這島只有乘小艇才能去。 A m

16、anager should be accessible to hisstaff.經(jīng)理應(yīng)該讓職員感到平易近人。 The information ought to be made moreaccessible.資料應(yīng)該（整理得）明白易懂。 【歸納拓展】 ?access n.進(jìn)入，入口，取得的方法，權(quán)利等 ?accession n.就職，就任，繼位 特別提示 have no access to education沒(méi)有受教育的機(jī)會(huì) a sudden access of wealth財(cái)富的突然增多 11.all in all All in all,I have a g

17、ood life.總而言之，我生活得很愉快。 All in all，it was a pleasant trip today.總之，今天的旅行是愉快的。 【歸納拓展】 all in all/in all?一般來(lái)說(shuō)，總的說(shuō)來(lái) in all?總共 above all?尤其是，重要的是after all?畢竟first of all?首先 ?12.make fun of So don’t feel sorry for the disabled ormake fun of them. 因此，不要為殘疾人感到遺憾也不要取笑他們。 People make fun of

18、 her because she wearssuch a strange hat. 人們?nèi)⌒λ?，因?yàn)樗髁艘豁斶@么奇怪的帽子。 It’s wrong of the other children to makefun of you. 其他孩子取笑你是錯(cuò)誤的。 【歸納拓展】make fun of?相當(dāng)于play a joke on somebody，是“取笑”的意思。laugh at?和make fun of?的區(qū)別如下：make fun of?有時(shí)是善意的取笑，開(kāi)玩笑；而laugh at則含有蔑視、看不起的意思。 fun是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“樂(lè)趣”。 ?13.in parti

19、cular In particular,I would like you to considerthe following. 尤其，我想要你考慮一下以下建議。 I noticed her eyes in particular，because they were such an unusualcolour. 我尤其注意到她的眼睛，因?yàn)樗鼈兊念伾峭瑢こ＊＊? He stressed two points in particular.他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了兩點(diǎn)。 【歸納拓展】in particular=especially。?especially意思是“特別地……；不尋常地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度

20、。在進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面所敘述的事的時(shí)候，前面一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，一般用來(lái)修飾形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。specially意思是“特意地；專門(mén)地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介詞for短語(yǔ)前面。be particular about挑剔…… 14．a(chǎn)bsence??n．①[C] & [U]缺席；不在②[U]缺乏 A stranger brought you this letter during your absence.你不在時(shí)，一個(gè)陌生人給你捎來(lái)了這封信。 【歸納拓展】 (1)absence of mind 心不在焉 in sb's absence 某人不在時(shí) in th

21、e absence of sth 缺乏某物 (2)absent ?adj. ①缺席的；不在的 ②缺乏的 be absent from 缺席…… absent－minded ?adj. 心不在焉的 15．a(chǎn)ccess??n．①接近/進(jìn)入的方法；到達(dá)/進(jìn)入的權(quán)利②通道；入口 Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident.只有幾個(gè)人可以知道事件的全部真相。 【歸納拓展】 have/gain/get/obtain access to 可接近；可進(jìn)入；可使用 accessible/?k'ses?bl/?ad

22、j. 容易取得的；容易接近的；容易受影響的 be accessible to 能接近……，可使用…… 16．in other words?換句話說(shuō) 【歸納拓展】 have a word with sb 與某人談話 keep/break one's word 遵守諾言/食言；失信 beyond words 無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá) 17．cut out?切下，裁剪 【歸納拓展】 cut across 抄近路 cut away 切，剪，去掉 cut down 減少，砍倒 cut in 插嘴，插隊(duì) cut off 切斷，阻礙 cut up 切碎，使悲痛，使傷心 18．out of

23、 breath?上氣不接下氣 Reaching the top of the tower，he was out of breath.到了塔頂他就上氣不接下氣了。 【歸納拓展】 catch/hold one's breath 屏息；憋住氣 lose one's breath 喘不過(guò)氣 二． 句型串講 1.used to In fact,I used to dream about one day beinga famous football player and representing our country in the World Cup. 事實(shí)是，我過(guò)去常常夢(mèng)想有一天

24、能成為一名著名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員代表國(guó)家參加世界杯比賽。 There used to be a bus stop on that corner.在那個(gè)拐角上曾有一個(gè)公共汽車站。 I used to go to office on foot but I don’tdo that now.過(guò)去我步行上班，但現(xiàn)在我不這樣了。 【歸納拓展】 （1）used to do,be used to sth./doingsth.與be used to doused to表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或存在。 （2）be used to sth./doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“

25、習(xí)慣于”。be可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，可用get或become替換，以表示“逐漸習(xí)慣于”。 （3）be used to sth.意為“被用來(lái)做某事”，其中use是及物動(dòng)詞“使用”，是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，不可和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be use to doing sth.相混淆。? 2.so that There should be a space at the end of eachrow so that people in wheelchairs can sit beside their friends. 在每排坐位的后面都應(yīng)留有空間以便于那些乘坐輪椅的人坐在他們朋友的旁邊。 I’ll show yo

26、u so that you can see how it’sdone.我做給你看，以便使你明白如何做此事。 Jack worked hard so that he might get agood job.為了能找到一份好工作，杰克努力工作。 【歸納拓展】 (1）so that=in order that。但位于句首時(shí)，只能用in order that不能用so that。so that既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，而in order that只能引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。 (2）so as to?與in order to?大致相似，但用于句首時(shí)只能用in order to

27、。? 3.too...to Some days I was too tied to get out of bed.有時(shí)候我太疲勞了以致于起不了床。 He is too old to work.他太老了不能再工作了。 She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news. 當(dāng)她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)激動(dòng)地說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。 【歸納拓展】 too...to結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示否定含義,意為“太……以致于不能”。 但too...to在下列情況下卻表示肯定含義: (1)當(dāng)too前或to前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否定時(shí)。 e.g:

28、English is not too difficult to learn. 英語(yǔ)并不太難學(xué)。 (2)當(dāng)too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true, easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容詞或副詞時(shí)。 e.g:They are too anxious to leave.他們急于離開(kāi)。 I’m only too glad to see you.見(jiàn)到你非常高興。 (3)與cannot連用時(shí)。

29、 e.g:You cannot be too careful(=You cannever be careful enough)to do your homework.你做作業(yè)越仔細(xì)越好(=無(wú)論怎樣仔細(xì)也不過(guò)分)。 (4)當(dāng)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)或真正的主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 e.g:There are too many problems to besolved.有很多問(wèn)題有待解決。 4.These stories are very positive and describe thesatisfying lives these young people live even though they h

30、ave somedifficulties. 這些故事都是積極樂(lè)觀的，描述了這些生活中雖有困難但仍過(guò)著滿意人生的人們的生活。???????這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，the satisfying lives theseyoung people live even though they have some difficulties作第二個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中describe的賓語(yǔ)，其中these young people live eventhough they have some difficulties是定語(yǔ)從句修飾lives，其中even thoughthey have some diffic

31、ulties是定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 5.For the first 12months of its life the puppy lives with a sighted family who give it as manydifferent experiences with people,other animals,traffic and noises as they can. ?在小狗出生后的最初12個(gè)月期間，它生活在有正常視力的家庭里，人們會(huì)盡可能地為它提供各種機(jī)會(huì)接觸到更多的人，其他動(dòng)物以及適應(yīng)交通和噪音等。 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，with短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其中又包含wh

32、o引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾family。? 6 .Zhang Yuncheng’sbook describes what his life is like,what his hopes and dreams are and how heovercomes the problems he faces every day. 張運(yùn)成在書(shū)里展示了他的生活，他的希望和夢(mèng)想還有他是怎樣克服每天都要克服的困難的情景。 三． 語(yǔ)法串講 1.綜述：動(dòng)詞不定式 to do是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，從而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。它還可以有形式的

33、變化，即一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主動(dòng)式和 被動(dòng)式。同時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式也具有非動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞、形容詞或副詞，可以在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 2.?動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞不定式是由不定式符號(hào) to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下 to 也可省略。 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 否定式 一般式 to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing/ not to be doing 完成式 to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been

34、) done 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing/ not to have been doing 2.1?不定式的一般式 to do/ to be done not to do/ not to be done 不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后 發(fā)生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起來(lái)好像很高興。（同時(shí)發(fā)生） To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 為了趕上火車，我們最好趕緊乘出租車去車站。（趕火車發(fā)

35、生在到站之后） 2.2?不定式的進(jìn)行式 to be doing/ not to be doing 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，天碰巧在下雨。 I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高興和你一起旅游。 有時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 The old man seems to be dying. 2.3?不定式的完成式 to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (b

36、een) done 2.3.1?不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的鑰匙弄丟了。 I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本來(lái)想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感覺(jué)身體不舒服。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)你們國(guó)家是一件很榮幸的事情。 2.3.2?不定式的完成式可以表

37、示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式加不定式完成式，或他們的過(guò)去完成時(shí)加不定式的一般式，可表示過(guò)去未 曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，計(jì)劃等，可譯為“本打算，原希望”。 expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish, would like to I expected to have met him here last night. 我以為昨天晚上能在這里見(jiàn)到他。（但沒(méi)做到） 2.4?不定式的完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing/ not to have been doing 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表

38、示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生并且一直進(jìn)行著。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 據(jù)說(shuō)他在倫敦一直住了 20 年。 I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打擾你。 比較：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義。 He is said to be studying abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他正在國(guó)外讀書(shū)。（不定式的進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） He is said to have studied abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)。（不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束） 2.5?

39、不定式的被動(dòng)形式 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形 式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式根據(jù)其與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，有一般式和完成時(shí)兩種。 2.5.1?一般式 to be done These are the books to be given out to the students. 這些是要發(fā)給學(xué)生的書(shū)。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2.5.2?完成式 to have been done The novel is said to

40、 have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說(shuō)這部小說(shuō)已被譯成多種語(yǔ)言。 He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起來(lái)他已經(jīng)被詢問(wèn)過(guò)很多次了。 2.6?不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由 not 或 never 加不定式構(gòu)成。 Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 從不犯錯(cuò)是不可能的。 注意：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定和不定式的否定不同的意義 I did not promise to wake him up. 我沒(méi)有答應(yīng)叫醒他。

41、 I promised not to wake him up. 我答應(yīng)了不叫醒他。 3.?動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 動(dòng)詞不定式除了不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)外，幾乎能擔(dān)任句子中所有的句子成分。 3.1?動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ) 不定式具有名詞的特征，可在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 3.1.1?不定式短語(yǔ)在句首作主語(yǔ) To know oneself is difficult. 人貴有自知之明。 To say is one thing and to do is another. 說(shuō)是一回事，做又是另一回事。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one c

42、an get. 愛(ài)與被愛(ài)是一個(gè)人能獲得的 最大幸福。 3.1.2?用 it 作形式主語(yǔ) 在很多情況下，人們通常用 it 作為形式上的主語(yǔ)，而把不定式移到謂語(yǔ)之后，使句子 結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡一些。 It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背對(duì)著老師，拒絕回答問(wèn)題 是不禮貌的。 It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.想不下苦功就 能學(xué)會(huì)外語(yǔ)是不可能的。 It seemed a p

43、ity to have wasted so much time. 浪費(fèi)了這么多時(shí)間，真是遺憾。 注意： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，不能用形式主語(yǔ)代替動(dòng)詞不定式。 To respect others is to be respected. 尊重別人就是尊重自己。 To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隸就等于放棄自由。 3.2?動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) 不定式作表語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的。 His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成為一名宇航員。 What he hoped w

44、as to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被大學(xué)錄取。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活著就是要做一些有價(jià)值的事情。 注意： 有些作表語(yǔ)的不定式，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。 She is to blame. 她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 The result is not long to see. 結(jié)果不久就會(huì)看到。 3.3?動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 不定式可以充當(dāng)部分及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以充當(dāng) but 和 except 等介詞的賓語(yǔ)以及形

45、容 詞的賓語(yǔ)。 3.3.1?作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 3.3.1.1?不定式可以充當(dāng)部分及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父親喜歡靜靜地聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他寧愿餓死也不愿乞討。 I never thought to meet you here. 我沒(méi)想到在這里遇見(jiàn)你。 常見(jiàn)的可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, ch

46、oose, claim, content, continue, contrive, decide, decline, demand, desire, deserve, determine, endeavor, expect, fail，fear, forget, guarantee, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise，refuse, remember, seek, swear, think, t

47、end, threaten, try，undertake, venture, want，wish 3.3.1.2?在 feel, find, make, think, consider 等動(dòng)詞后，如果賓語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，人們常常 用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真實(shí)賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。 I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計(jì)算機(jī) 而解出這道題目。 She made it a rule to get up at five. 她養(yǎng)成了五點(diǎn)起床的習(xí)慣。 I feel it a g

48、reat honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我覺(jué)得 被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上面對(duì)這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。 3.3.2?作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 不定式可以作介詞 but 和 except 的賓語(yǔ)。 The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老師除了叫他努力學(xué)習(xí)外， 未做任何評(píng)價(jià)。 He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他沒(méi)有什么選擇，只好像往常一樣坐在那兒。 T

49、here is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我們只能耐心等待。 注意 1：動(dòng)詞不定式通常不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)詞不定式前如有疑問(wèn)詞，就可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 注意 2：帶 to 不定式與不帶 to 不定式的情況: ① 對(duì)于邊際情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(need, dare)，如果作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則跟不帶 to 不定式，作普通動(dòng)詞 則后跟帶 to 不定式；特殊地，dare 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟不帶 to 不定式，作普通動(dòng)詞 to 可有可

50、無(wú) ② let, make, have 等使役動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)，之后用不帶 to 不定式，當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)， 則需將不帶 to 不定式轉(zhuǎn)為帶 to 不定式 ③ see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch, look at, listen to 等感官動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)，之后用不 帶 to 不定式，當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，則需將不帶 to 不定式轉(zhuǎn)為帶 to 不定式 ④ help 或 help + 賓語(yǔ)后既可用帶 to 不定式，也可以不帶 to 不定式 注意區(qū)分 can’t help (to) do / can’t help but do / can’

51、t help doing ⑤ 在某些情態(tài)成語(yǔ)后的 to，如 would rather / would sooner / would as soon (寧愿) / may as well / might as well / can’t but / can’t help but 后跟不帶 to 不定式；一些作“寧愿……而 不愿”解釋的詞組，如 would rather … than … / would sooner … than … / would as soon … as …句型中，省略號(hào)處都為不帶 to 不定式 ⑥ 介詞 except, but 后，如果之前有動(dòng)詞 do 及其變形(d

52、o 的某種形式)，則其后跟不帶 to 不定式，否則不定式帶 to，如 They did nothing except work. ?There’s no choice but to wait. 形象描述為“有毒(do 及其變形)無(wú)兔(to)，有兔(to)無(wú)毒(do 及其變形)”(有毒則無(wú)兔子) 3.4?動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 不定式可以在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 四． 話題串講 （一）話題綜述 本單元的中心話題Living well，讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)殘疾人憑借頑強(qiáng)的毅力和社會(huì)的關(guān)愛(ài)，去克服生活中的種種困難，以積極的態(tài)度面對(duì)人生的挑戰(zhàn)，對(duì)living we

53、ll with disability有了自己的認(rèn)識(shí)。通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能用英語(yǔ)談?wù)撊粘Ｉ钪袣埣踩藭?huì)面臨的出行困難和可能的改進(jìn)措施，并培養(yǎng)對(duì)殘疾人的尊重和關(guān)愛(ài)意識(shí)。 (二） 話題詞匯 1. hono(u)r n. 榮譽(yù)，光榮；vt.尊敬；給予榮譽(yù) 2. inspire vt.鼓舞；激勵(lì) 3. seize vt.抓住(時(shí)機(jī)等) 4. achievement n. 成就；成績(jī)；功績(jī)→achieve vt.完成；實(shí)現(xiàn) 5. cheerful adj.興高采烈的→cheer n. & vt.歡呼 6. confident adj.自信的→confidently adv.自信地→con

54、fidence n. 自信；信任 7.warmhearted adj.熱心的；熱情的 8. contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)→contribute vt.捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)→contributor n. 捐助者；貢獻(xiàn)者 9. creative adj.富有創(chuàng)造力的 10. educated adj.受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的 11. embarrassed adj.尷尬的 12. energetic adj.精力旺盛的→energy n. 精力；活力 13. generous adj.慷慨大方的 14. handsome adj.英俊的；帥的 15. humoro(u)s adj.幽默

55、的；詼諧的→humo(u)r n. 幽默 16. independent adj.獨(dú)立的 17. intelligence n. 智力，才智，智慧 18. outspoken adj.直率的，坦誠(chéng)的 19. outstanding adj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的 20. talented adj.有才能的 （二） 話題短語(yǔ) 1.be active in對(duì)……很積極，積極參加 2. be curious about對(duì)……好奇 3. be devoted to致力于，專注于 4. be enthusiastic about...對(duì)……充滿熱情，熱衷于 5. be gifted at

56、/in...對(duì)……有天賦 6. be honoured as...被譽(yù)為…… 7. be qualified for適合，勝任…… 8. be responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé) 9. be satisfied/content with對(duì)……滿意 10. be skilled in在……方面熟練 11. be strict with sb.對(duì)某人很嚴(yán)格 12. do well in...在……方面做得好 13. dress in the latest fashion穿著時(shí)髦 14. have a talent/gift for有……才能 15. in one’s th

57、irties在某人三十幾歲時(shí) （四）話題典例 假如你是李華，最近，上周你校舉辦了一個(gè)有關(guān)成功女性的展覽,其中有關(guān)海倫·凱勒的成就給你留下了深刻的印象，請(qǐng)你就此寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)文章介紹海倫·凱勒。 【范文】 Last week our school held an exhibition about successful women, of which about the achievements of Helen Keller made a deep impression on me. Helen Keller was born in 1880 in the United States of

58、 america. 19 months when she was lost to sight and hearing. Her teacher Mrs.Ann Sullivan at the age of 7 when she came to her side, opened her early education. With the help of the teacher, she finished her university studies, learn typing, proficient in French and German. She dedicated her life to

59、the blind, deaf, dumb and international services for persons with disabilities. Her autobiography, The Story of My Life has inspired people all over the world. I admire her for her, was also impressed by the spirit and perseverance, as people with disabilities she can be fearless, so we normal people, continue to waste good time? 17