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第六章 聽(tīng) 力,要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥,一、聽(tīng)力的重要性 英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四種基本能力中，聽(tīng)排在第一，聽(tīng)是獲得語(yǔ)言信息的最主要的途徑，只有聽(tīng)得正確，才能讀得流暢，說(shuō)得流利，所以，英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練是中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。,二、聽(tīng)力題的解題策略 1. 學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè) 預(yù)測(cè)是聽(tīng)力理解過(guò)程中的重要一環(huán)。要求學(xué)生在做聽(tīng)力題之前，根據(jù)圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，根據(jù)所聽(tīng)的主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，根據(jù)談話(huà)人的身份、談話(huà)地點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，從而快速地排除一些錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)或?qū)⒋鸢告i定在一定范圍內(nèi)。 2. 抓住要點(diǎn) 即在聽(tīng)錄音的過(guò)程中，要注意抓住主要內(nèi)容和關(guān)鍵詞眼，避開(kāi)無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容，而集中注意力于一些特定的信息，諸如特定的人物、數(shù)字、顏色、時(shí)間、場(chǎng)合、事件等，這樣才能快速有效地抓住問(wèn)題的正確答案。,3. 認(rèn)真答題 如果錄音材料播放兩遍的話(huà)，通常選擇聽(tīng)第二遍時(shí)來(lái)答題。聽(tīng)第一遍錄音時(shí)，要做的主要工作是聽(tīng)清大意和抓住并記錄要點(diǎn)，如果第一遍沒(méi)聽(tīng)清，可以在聽(tīng)第二遍時(shí)全力以赴，集中精力捕捉相關(guān)信息，同時(shí)迅速答題。同時(shí)在整個(gè)錄音播放結(jié)束之后，不要急于做筆試部分的題目，而應(yīng)該憑著剛剛聽(tīng)到的所有信息的短暫記憶，對(duì)整個(gè)聽(tīng)力部分進(jìn)行一次全面的檢查，及時(shí)修正錯(cuò)誤的答案。,三、聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 聽(tīng)力水平的提高是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)、日積月累的過(guò)程，要靠平時(shí)堅(jiān)持不斷地進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。在平時(shí)的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中，要注意以下問(wèn)題： 1. 強(qiáng)度的調(diào)控 聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練是一種強(qiáng)化教學(xué)，在整個(gè)聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中，注意力和精神都處于高度緊張狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)如果持續(xù)太久，則會(huì)產(chǎn)生疲勞。因此必須控制時(shí)間，一般一次聽(tīng)力的時(shí)間不超過(guò)15分鐘。,2．材料的選擇 聽(tīng)力材料的難易程度要適合學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力水平，太容易，失去了訓(xùn)練的意義；太難，聽(tīng)不懂，就會(huì)失去信心和興趣。其次，聽(tīng)力材料不宜太長(zhǎng)，太長(zhǎng)的容易分散注意力，欲速則不達(dá)。再次，要聽(tīng)不同人士的朗讀材料，以便適應(yīng)不同的英語(yǔ)口音。,考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn)1 考查對(duì)詞匯讀音的辨別 【例1】聽(tīng)錄音，選出你所聽(tīng)到的單詞。 ( )1. A. park B. dark ( )2. A. ship B. sheep ( )3. A. this B. these ( )4. A. camp B. cap 聽(tīng)力材料： 1. dark 2. ship 3. these 4.camp,解析:本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)音近詞的辨別能力。學(xué)生在聽(tīng)力錄音播放之前，必須要自己先將每組單詞默讀一遍，做到心里有數(shù)。在聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候，一定要集中注意力，認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)。 第1小題在于辨別 /p/ 和 /d/兩個(gè)音節(jié)；第2小題要注意的是長(zhǎng)短音/i/ 和/i/的區(qū)別；第3小題中要注意/is/ 和/iz/的區(qū)別；第4小題要注意有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到/m/這個(gè)音節(jié)。 這些都是比較細(xì)微的差別，要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，對(duì)單詞的發(fā)音要盡可能地做到準(zhǔn)確，這樣才能經(jīng)得起檢驗(yàn)。 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A,【例2】聽(tīng)錄音，從你聽(tīng)到的句子中選出你所聽(tīng)到的單詞。 ( ) 1. A. horse B. hospital C. house ( ) 2. A. by B. buy C. bye 聽(tīng)力材料：1. I live in a house near the park. 2. I want to buy something for my cousin. 解析:此類(lèi)題給出的是3個(gè)形近、音近單詞，第2小題還是三個(gè)同音詞。解答此類(lèi)題要求學(xué)生在讀完所有選項(xiàng)的單詞之后，將錄音中的句子的意思聽(tīng)明白，這樣才能做出正確的選擇。 答案：1. C 2. B,考點(diǎn)2 考查單詞、語(yǔ)句或?qū)υ?huà)和圖片的對(duì)應(yīng) 【例3】聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)你所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，選出正確的圖片。 ( )1. How to get to the park？ ( )2. What class are they having？,聽(tīng)力材料： 1. A： Excuse me！ How can I get to the park from here？ B： Turn left at the first traffic lights， and then go straight. You can see the park on your left. A： Thanks a lot. Question： How can the girl get to the park？ 2. Amy， come and writ down the word“school”！ Question： What class are they having？,解析:這類(lèi)圖片類(lèi)聽(tīng)力題，錄音可能是一組單詞、一個(gè)句子或一段對(duì)話(huà)。解此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵是理解每一幅圖片的意思，然后與所聽(tīng)到的信息相匹配，即可得出正確答案。在第1小題中，最關(guān)鍵的錄音信息是B 說(shuō)的 “Turn left at …”,于是可以果斷地選出A圖；第2小題只要看明白了圖片，再結(jié)合句子意思，就很好做選擇了。 答案： 1. A 2. B,考點(diǎn)3 考查問(wèn)答句的對(duì)應(yīng) 【例4】聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)問(wèn)句選出正確的答句。 ( )1. A. At 7:00 a.m. B. At 6:30 p.m. ( )2. A. He was in Class 5. B. She was in Class 2. 聽(tīng)力材料： 1. When do you eat dinner at the weekend？ 2. Which class was Mike in？,解析: 此類(lèi)題考查的是學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)句型的掌握情況，同時(shí)，還要注意細(xì)節(jié),如在第2小題中，題面上除了Class 2 和Class 5 的不同之外，還有主語(yǔ)He 和She的不同,而聽(tīng)力對(duì)人稱(chēng)的考查是從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)，Mike 是男生，所以用的代詞是He。 答案：1. B 2. A,考點(diǎn)4 考查對(duì)短文的理解 【例5】聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)你所聽(tīng)到的短文內(nèi)容判斷下列句子的正（T）誤（F）。 ( )1. Jack lives in a village. ( )2. Jack lives in Guangzhou with his parents. ( )3. It was not a fine day last Sunday. ( )4. Jack watched TV and drank tea with his grandparents. ( )5. Jack is a helpful boy.,聽(tīng)力材料： Jack is a 12-year-old boy. He lives with his grandpa and grandma in a small village. His parents are in Guangzhou. They work there. Jack is very helpful. Last Sunday, the weather was fine. Jack and his grandparents were drinking tea at home. Suddenly, a little boy cried outside. His kite was in the tree. Jack went out and helped the boy. The little boy was happy and he laughed.,解析:此類(lèi)短文類(lèi)聽(tīng)力題的難度較大，考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)段的整體把握的同時(shí)，還要求學(xué)生注意其中的細(xì)節(jié)。如在本題中，聽(tīng)力材料給出的是“He lives with his grandpa and grandma in a small village.”需要判斷的句子是1. Jack lives in a village. 2. Jack lives (in Guangzhou)with his parents. 而其后還有一句是“His parents are in Guangzhou?！?如果不能把握全局的話(huà)，很容易被誤導(dǎo)。 第3小題，短文中的句子是“the weather was fine。” 而判斷的句子“It was not a fine day last Sunday。” not 一詞總是最容易被疏漏的，所以，在聽(tīng)錄音之前的讀題，就顯得尤為重要了。必要的時(shí)候，可以將題目句子中的關(guān)鍵詞畫(huà)出來(lái)，然后在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，側(cè)重地去聽(tīng)這些關(guān)鍵信息，判斷錄音與題目信息是否相匹配，從而降低做題的難度和錯(cuò)誤率。 答案：1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T,過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè),一、聽(tīng)錄音，選出你所聽(tīng)到的單詞。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( )1. A. noon B. soon C. moon ( )2. A. luck B. lucky C. like ( )3. A. hobby B. coffee C. copy ( )4. A. other B. another C. others ( )5. A. winner B. winter C. what ( )6. A. last B. lost C. fast ( )7. A. wash B. watch C. warm ( )8. A. place B. palace C. please ( )9. A. show B. know C. snow ( )10. A. bring B. spring C. ring,B,B,B,B,B,C,B,A,A,A,二、聽(tīng)錄音，從你聽(tīng)到的句子中選出你所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( )1. A. go to school B. go in spring C. go for a walk ( )2. A. start B. store C. stamp ( )3. A. How many B. How long C. How often ( )4. A. because B. before C. begin ( )5. A. boys B. doors C. toys ( )6. A. brush my teeth B. wash my hair C. buy some tea,A,A,C,B,C,A,( )7. A. 9:40 B. 9:50 C. 10:20 ( )8. A. begins in March and ends in August B. begins in April and ends in May C. begins in June and ends in September ( )9. A. June 2nd B. April 4th C. July 14th ( )10. A. on a home day B. on holiday C. how many days,A,B,C,B,三、聽(tīng)錄音，用數(shù)字給下列圖片排序。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),4,6,5,3,2,9,1,10,7,8,四、聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)你所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，選出正確的圖片。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( )1. Which pencil is Mike's? A. B. ( )2. What are they talking about? A. B.,B,B,( )3. What are they going to play? A. B. ( )4. Where is the girl going? A. B. ( )5. How is Chen Jie going to the bookstore? A. B.,B,A,B,五、聽(tīng)錄音，補(bǔ)全下列句子中所缺的單詞，每空一詞。(聽(tīng)兩遍) 1. —How _____ are you? —I'm 52 kg. I'm _____ than you. 2. I stayed at home with your grandma. We _____ tea in the afternoon and ________ TV. 3. —Did Wu Yifan _____ gifts in Beijing? —Yes, he _____ many gifts for his friends. 4. Look at you. You are too _____ now. You should do more _________. 5. —How can I get to Fuxing _____? —You can take the No. _____ bus.,heavy,thinner,drank,watched,buy,bought,weak,exercise,Road,45,六、聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)問(wèn)句選出正確的答句。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( )1. A. Yes, we do. B. We want to go. C. Yes, we want. ( )2. A. Sorry, I don't know. B. Sorry, I'm late. C. OK. Let's go. ( )3. A. At 9:00. B. It opens. C. Twenty-nine. ( )4. A. Yes, they want. B. No, they didn't. C. No, they don't. ( )5. A. Not at all. B. Thank you. C. You're welcome.,A,A,A,C,B,七、聽(tīng)錄音，根據(jù)你所聽(tīng)到的短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正（T）誤（F）。（聽(tīng)兩遍） ( )1. There is a lake in Zhongshan Park. ( )2. There are some fish in the water. ( )3. There are no trees in the park. ( )4. There are many small houses beside the mountain. ( )5. I often do exercise in the park.,F,F,F,F,T,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,