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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ)《Unit 4 Sharing》語(yǔ)法探究 新人教版選修7 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 課前自學(xué)（ SBP32 Discovering useful structures） 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講 一.關(guān)系代詞 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主語(yǔ) who which that/as 賓語(yǔ) whom which that/as 定語(yǔ) whose/of whom whose/of which 關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只用that不用which的情況. 1．當(dāng)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much

2、等不定代詞時(shí). Tell me everything that you know. 2．當(dāng)先行詞被very, both, the only, all, every, no any, little, much, some修飾時(shí). This is the only coat that I have. 3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí). This is the most beautiful city that I visited. 4. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí). This is the first lesson that we have this term. 5.當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又

3、包括物時(shí). He hasn’t sent us the workers and equipment that we need. 6.當(dāng)主句是以who/which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí). Which is the coat that you like best? 7.當(dāng)先行詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),無(wú)論先行詞是人還是物. China is no longer the country that she was. 二.由“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句多用于正式文體，能作此用法的關(guān)系代詞主要是which，其次是whom. prep + whom/which 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的whom代指前面提到的人

4、，which代指前面提到的事物。例如： I don’t know the old woman to whom I gave the umbrella yesterday. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)我昨天送給雨傘的那位老人。 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果含有作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的in/on/at which結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞也可以移到句末；這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that, which在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中經(jīng)常省略。例如： This is the factory which/that I once worked in. This is the hotel (which/that) they are staying at. 三

5、.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句. 1.關(guān)系副詞when, why, where在定語(yǔ)從句中分別代替表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因的先行詞,并分別在從句中作時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因狀語(yǔ).另外關(guān)系副詞也可根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu).如下: 關(guān)系副詞 被代替的先行詞 在從句中的作用 When/that 表示時(shí)間的名詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Where 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Why/that 表示原因的名詞(只用reason) 原因狀語(yǔ) He came at a time when (=at which) we needed help. The day will e when

6、 (=on which) we’ll win the final victory. We know the place where (=in which) our teacher lives. Do you know the reason why (=for which) he was so sorry? 2.使用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題. (1)time作先行詞時(shí),如前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),不用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,要用that或省去不用.如果time之前無(wú)序數(shù)詞或last,則用when或that引導(dǎo). The last time (that)I saw him was in xx. (2)當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的the way時(shí),從句不能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo),應(yīng)用that或in which,或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷? We admired the way (that) he solved the problem. I don’t like the way (in which) you spoke to her. They didn’t do it the way (that) we do now.