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1、2022年高一英語《Unit 1 Friendship》Grammar學(xué)案(I) Teaching Aims: 1. 了解直接引語和間接引語。 2. 掌握陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變間接引語的方法。 Important and difficult Point: 掌握賓語從句中時態(tài)的一致性. 一、直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 1.陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb that, told sb that，不可直接說told that

2、 Eg. He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” → He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ” → He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 解題步驟: “I don’t like puters,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah s

3、aid to her friends that I don’t like puters . she didn’t →Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like puters. .2.一般疑問句 間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” →He asked (me) whether/if I

4、 had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?” →He asked whether I was interested in English. 解題步驟: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) “It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.” They asked him if i

5、t is easy to improve the condition of the soil was →They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 3.特殊疑問句 原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask(sb. )來表達，語序改為陳述句語序 He said to me，“What's your name?” → He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car f

6、actories have been built in your country?” →He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 解題步驟： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) you harvest the wheat They asked him When you harvest the wheat. He harvested They asked him when he harv

7、ested the wheat. 4.選擇疑問句 用whether…or…表達，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or… He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” →I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 二、在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時需要注意的變化 1. 注意時態(tài)的變

8、化 Direct Indirect Present Past Past Past and Past perfect Present perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect 2. 注意人稱變化。 3. 注意指示代詞的變化this, these (that, those) 4. 注意時間的變化?now, today ,this week ,yesterday, last week ,four days ago ,the day before yesterday ,tomorro

9、w ,next month→ (then, that day, that week,the day before ,the week before, four days before ,two days before ,the next day, the next month) 5. 注意地點的變化?here (?there) 6. 注意個別趨向動詞的變化?e, bring (go, take) 三、謂語動詞時態(tài)變化需要注意幾點： 1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變 The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in

10、 the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2. 如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時同樣有效，變間接引語時，時態(tài)可不變 The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game. 3.主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，在引述時，時態(tài)不變。 She says, “I’ll never forget th

11、e days in the country.” She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country. 從句時態(tài)無須改變的還有以下情況: 1. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候 2. 當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時 3. 當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時 4. 當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時 5. 當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, nee

12、d時 四． Exercises: 1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.” 2. He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.” _____________________________________________________________ 3. Tom said “I will see you next week.” __________________________________________________________

13、___ 4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. _____________________________________________________________ 5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah. _____________________________________________________________ 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. _______________

14、______________________________________________ 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. 直接引語變間接引語專練題（二） Ⅰ.單項選擇 1. He asked ________ for the puter. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.

15、 →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close

16、D. said to; please close 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said t

17、o his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well

18、 D. had I already got well. 7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me _________. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a

19、League member. 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 9. He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matt

20、er D. what was the matter 10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do 11. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of s

21、even, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall Direct and Indirect Speech（Unit One Grammar） 答案 1. He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 2. He said t

22、hat he hadn’t heard from him since May 3. Tom said that he would see me the next week. 4. The teacher asked me why I was late again 5. Sarah said she didn’t like swimming. 6. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?” 7. My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris. 答案與簡析： 1. D 賓語從句要

23、用陳述句語序。 2. . D 一般疑問句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句. 3. . C 直接引語為祈使句, 變間接引語時, 主句中的謂語動詞往往根據(jù)直接引語的口氣換用ask (請求), tell (告訴), order (命令), invite (邀請), warn (警告), advise (建議)等, 而直接引語中的謂語動詞要變成動詞不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 4. . D直接引語為陳述句, 變間接引語時用that引導(dǎo)(口語中常省略)。 5. . C 6. . B反意疑問

24、句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 7. . C 選擇疑問句要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 8. . C直接引語為特殊疑問句, 變間接引語時, 用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo), 并將疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。 9. . D注意時態(tài)的一致。What作主語，the matter（=wrong）作表語。 10. . D直接引語為祈使句, 變間接引語時, 主句中的謂語動詞往往根據(jù)直接引語的口 氣換用。. 11.解析：答案B。本題考查了fall in love在虛擬語氣中的應(yīng)用，從標(biāo)志性時間狀語at the age of seven看，賓語從句內(nèi)容意指過去。在虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，若指過去，從句中動詞形式用過去完成時，主句中謂語動詞形式用 would/should/might/ could/have done。