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1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1新視界綜合教程新視界綜合教程 Unit Further readingWarming upHigh school studentsI recite 100 words a day!I forget 100 words a day!I shoot at the basket 100 a day!Aching for playing basketball!I get thinner and thinner even though eating fish or fowl everyday!I do running less than 100m/day!Aching for playing c

2、omputers!I put on weight even though eating vegetables!1. Listen to a conversation and try to understand the different life styles between high school students and college students.College students第1頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Group 1: What is the hardest thing about moving from school to college?Group 2: What is the mos

3、t enjoyable thing about college life?Group 3: What new skills do you have to learn as a college student?The whole class form 3 groups and each group will discuss the following three topics respectively and make a report.第2頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)What is the hardest thing about moving from school to college?Hard to or

4、ganize study and leisure time Washing clothes and quilt by myselfMissing parents Difficult to make good friendsInconvenient to live with other roommatesUnable to be No.1 in learningUnable to be popular among classmates第3頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)What is the most enjoyable thing about college life? Getting to know more

5、friendsWay of life changedEnjoying independence and freedomLoving campus atmosphereHorizon broadened第4頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Which skills are most difficult to acquire? Thinking creativelyOrganizing study and leisure timePresenting opinions publiclyCommunicating with othersTaking notes/grasping focuses of subjectsDo

6、ing research and writing essays第5頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Warming upNow read the passage and check your answer. 1 understanding lectures 2 writing essays on time 3 organizing your time 4 doing all the reading 5 discussing work with other students第6頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)TaskSkimming & Scanning第7頁(yè)/共86頁(yè) Answer: Doing researchSkimming &

7、Scanning Answer: Learning style Answer: Writing essays Answer: Lectures and note-taking第8頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (c)Skimming & Scanning第9頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (c)Skimming & Scanning第10頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (a)Skimming & Scanning第11頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (b)Skimming & Scanning第12頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (d)Skimming & Scanning第13頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Answer: (a)

8、Skimming & Scanning第14頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)1 Like everyone else, students have their fair share of problems. Getting to know a new environment, forming relationships with other students, and surviving on limited financial resources are all typical problems. But one of the greatest challenges you may have to face a

9、t university is the direct result of a new-found freedom. Nobody is going to make you get up in the morning or force you to attend lectures. Your learning is your own responsibility, and you will have to organize your time and find the best way to study. Here are some tips which you might find usefu

10、l to improve those skills.Digging譯文第15頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Lectures and note-taking2 It is easy to misunderstand the role of lectures. The standard joke is that it is a system for transferring notes from the lecturers file to the students notebook without passing through the mind of either.譯文Digging句子分析第16頁(yè)/共86頁(yè) 3

11、 But good lecturers will make a subject come alive for their students. They will provide information, place the material of the course in context, and focus on difficult areas in some detail. The approach is to discuss and, where appropriate, be critical of the topic, rather than simply to describe

12、it.譯文Digging第17頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第18頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第19頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第20頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第21頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第22頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第23頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第24頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第25頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第26頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)譯文Digging第27頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences TextThe idea of “fair share” here indicates that everyone has problems of some

13、sort or other, in more or less equal shares. Thus students have problems just as other people do, for example, older people may have better finances but they lack the energy and health. Therefore, in ones lifetime, problems may change but not go away.1. Like everyone else, students have their fair s

14、hare of problems. (Line 1, Para 1)第28頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences It means students have to live on a low income.Text第29頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences Text3. The standard joke is that it is a system for transferring notes from the lecturers file to the students notebook without passing through the mind of e

15、ither. (Line 2, Para 2)The “joke” is intended to criticize the traditional lecturing style in which the lecturer in a fairly mindless way simply reads out lecture notes. Then students simply write the notes down without real thinking. The result is that the students notes may be similar to those of

16、the lecturer, but the meaning of the lecture hasnt passed through the mind of either students or the lecturer. 第30頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences 4. They will provide information, place the material of the course in context, (Line 2, Para 3)TextIf the material of the course, for example, is a book or theo

17、ry, a good teacher will explain how it fits into its historical background, the philosophy which lies behind it and its relation to other works and ideas. 第31頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences 5. Try to strike a balance between listening and understanding the material which is being presented, and making not

18、es. (Line 6, Para 4)TextIf you listen and think very carefully, you will not have time to take good notes, but if you write everything down, you will not take in the overall sense. You need to find a solution which produces both notes and understanding. strike a balance: The metaphor is of a pair of

19、 scales. If something happens to tip the balance, one thing outweighs the other, and you may need to restore the balance. Different circumstances may threaten to disturb the balance, so you may need to constantly adjust the balance.第32頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)Difficult sentences 6. For example, “To what extent did Par

20、liament increase its power in the 16th century?” almost invites you to agree with the assumption that Parliament did increase its power. (Line 5, Para 16)TextThe wording of the question, as opposed to “Did Parliament increase its power in the 16th century?”, might lead a student to think about “to w

21、hat extent” rather than first evaluate if Parliament did increase its power at all. 第33頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1vt. to move something or someone from one place to another 移動(dòng)，遷移transfer等到蛋糕涼了之后再放到盤子里。 WordsWait until the cakes cool before transferring them to a plate. 例句翻譯He transferred some money from one bank

22、account to another. 他把一些錢從一個(gè)賬戶轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)賬戶上。 第34頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)釋義2v. to move from one job, office, or department to another in the same company or organization （在同一公司或組織內(nèi)）調(diào)動(dòng)transfer Pennys applied for a transfer to another part of the company. Words例句翻譯彭尼已申請(qǐng)調(diào)到公司的其他部門工作。 TextHe has transferred from the warehouse t

23、o the accounts office. 他已由倉(cāng)庫(kù)調(diào)到會(huì)計(jì)辦公室任職。 例句翻譯第35頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1n. C a set of papers, documents, or records that you keep because they contain information 檔案；案卷；卷宗fileThe file on this case was closed five years ago. 人事檔案存放在安全的地方。 WordsPersonnel files are kept in secure storage. 例句翻譯有關(guān)這起案件的資料檔案已經(jīng)封存了5年之久。

24、We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “l(fā)etters-to-be-read” file or into a wastepaper basket. (Jan. 1993, CET4, Reading Comprehension)真題第36頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2n. C a set of information on a computer （計(jì)算機(jī)的） 文件，文檔file保存修改過(guò)的文件務(wù)必要重新命名。WordsBe sure to save the r

25、evised version of the file under a new filename. 要表達(dá)建立新文件，而非備份文件或拷貝文件時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞create。When talking about a new file, not a back-up file or a copy, the correct verb is create. 例句翻譯Text第37頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1n. C, u the general situation in which something happens, which helps explain it 情景；背景 context得結(jié)合具體情況來(lái)看這次降

26、價(jià)。 WordsThis fall in prices has to be seen in context. These changes must be seen in their historical and social context. 例句翻譯這些變化必須放在其歷史和社會(huì)環(huán)境中來(lái)看待。 第38頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2n. C, U the words surrounding a particular word that help to give it its meaning 上下文；語(yǔ)境報(bào)紙對(duì)他的話完全斷章取義，瓊斯對(duì)此十分氣憤。 WordsJones was furious tha

27、t the papers had quoted his remarks completely out of context. context例句翻譯英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)上下文可能有數(shù)種不同的意思。 English words can have several meanings depending on context.Text第39頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1adj. expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong or bad 批判的；愛(ài)挑剔的；吹毛求疵的criticalHe has apologised for critical rem

28、arks he made about the referee. 她父親是個(gè)非常挑剔的人。 WordsHer father was a very critical man. 例句翻譯他為自己對(duì)裁判出言不遜而道歉。 The director was critical of the way we were doing the work. (Jan. 2000, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題第40頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2adj. very important 非常重要的；關(guān)鍵的critical今后幾天發(fā)生的事將對(duì)我們?nèi)〉贸晒Ψ浅ｊP(guān)鍵。 WordsWhat hap

29、pens in the next few days is critical to our success.例句翻譯我們需要立即就這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的問(wèn)題作出決定。 We need an immediate decision on this critical issue. The early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself. (Jun. 2001, CET4, Reading Comprehension)真題Text第41頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義adj. important and directly co

30、nnected to what is being discussed or considered 重要的；有關(guān)的；(與主題) 相關(guān)的relevantThese issues are directly relevant to the needs of slow learners. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題和我的觀點(diǎn)不相干。 WordsThe question is not relevant to my point. 例句翻譯這些問(wèn)題與接受能力慢的學(xué)習(xí)者的需要有直接關(guān)系。 Color and sex are not relevant to whether a person is suitable for the

31、job. (Sep. 2003, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第42頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1n. C, U the activity of being with and talking to other people, and the way that people react to each other 互動(dòng)；交流interaction涉及一定的社會(huì)交往的工作通常更令人有滿足感。 WordsJobs that involve a degree of social interaction are usually more satisfying.

32、Families need to encourage activities that promote interaction between parent and child. 家庭里要鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)行能夠增進(jìn)家長(zhǎng)和孩子之間交流的活動(dòng)。 例句翻譯第43頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2n. C, U the process by which different things affect each other or change each other 相互影響；相互作用interactionThis study focuses on the complex interaction between body a

33、nd mind.該結(jié)構(gòu)似乎與其他蛋白質(zhì)有相互作用。 WordsThe mechanism seems to involve interactions with other proteins. 例句翻譯這項(xiàng)研究的重點(diǎn)是身心之間復(fù)雜的相互影響。 Text第44頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義vt. to watch or study someone or something with care and attention in order to discover something 觀察；觀測(cè)；監(jiān)視observeThe police have been observing his movements. 我

34、觀察了鳥兒怎樣喂養(yǎng)它的后代。 WordsI observed how the bird fed its young. 例句翻譯警方一直在監(jiān)視著他的一舉一動(dòng)。 A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places. (Jun. 1991, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第45頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1vi. to think about something carefully and seriou

35、sly 仔細(xì)思考reflectI reflected on possible reasons for my failure. 他坐在那里，思考著出了什么差錯(cuò)。 WordsHe sat there reflecting on what had gone wrong. 例句翻譯我反思了可能導(dǎo)致自己失敗的原因。 第46頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2vt. if a surface reflects something, you can see the image of that thing on the surface 映照；反射reflect She could see her face reflec

36、ted in the water. 白色的衣服因?yàn)榉瓷錈崃看┢饋?lái)比較涼快。 WordsWhite clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat. 例句翻譯她看見(jiàn)自己的臉倒映在水中。 Text第47頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義 n. C, U an opinion that you have after thinking carefully about something 判斷；看法；評(píng)價(jià)judgmentThey basically made a judgment without knowing all the facts. 現(xiàn)在對(duì)此作出判斷仍為時(shí)

37、過(guò)早。 WordsIt is still too soon to form a judgment about this. 例句翻譯他們基本上是在不了解全部事實(shí)的情況下作出了判斷。 If all drivers exercise good judgments at all times, there would be few accidents. (Jan. 2000, CET4, Listening Comprehension)真題Text第48頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義a. connecting ideas or reasons in a sensible way 合乎邏輯的；合理的logica

38、lA small apartment is a logical choice for a single person.只有每一邏輯步驟都被其他數(shù)學(xué)家驗(yàn)證之后，證明才成立。 WordsOnly when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. 例句翻譯對(duì)一個(gè)單身人士而言，小公寓是合理的選擇。 In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should present his

39、 findings in logical order and clear language. (Jan. 1995, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第49頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義a. involving a lot of new imagination and new ideas 創(chuàng)造的；有創(chuàng)造性的creativeHer book is full of creative ways to decorate your home. 他想出了一個(gè)很有創(chuàng)造性的解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方案。 WordsHe came up with a really creative s

40、olution to the problem. 例句翻譯她的書里充滿了裝點(diǎn)居室的創(chuàng)意。 Workers in the fine arts convey thoughts and feelings through their creative works. (Sep. 2003, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第50頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義a. able to be obtained, taken, or used 可獲得的；可利用的；現(xiàn)成的available這道菜是用在大多數(shù)超市內(nèi)都能買到的原料做出來(lái)的。WordsThe dish is made w

41、ith ingredients available in most supermarkets. 真題這類信息在網(wǎng)上可以任意獲取。 The information is freely available on the Internet. 翻譯There were no tickets available for Fridays performance. (Jan. 1990, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第51頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1n. C the part at the beginning of a book, report etc that

42、gives a general idea of what it is about 序言；引言；內(nèi)容介紹introduction序言里對(duì)勞倫斯的生平有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明。 WordsIn the introduction theres a brief account of Lawrences life. 例句翻譯他的老師為他的新書作序。 His teacher wrote the introduction for his new book. 第52頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2n. C the process of telling someone another persons name when th

43、ey meet for the first time 介紹；引見(jiàn)introductionI can never remember names, so I dont like to make the introductions. 女主人在聚會(huì)上介紹大家認(rèn)識(shí)。 WordsThe hostess made the introductions at the party. 例句翻譯我從來(lái)記不住人名，所以我不喜歡給人作介紹。 This programme will examine the writers books in detail, following an introduction to her l

44、ife. (Jan. 1994, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第53頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1vt. to look in a book or at a map or list in order to find information 查閱；查找 查閱報(bào)紙的分類廣告版尋找招聘信息。 WordsConsult the classified pages of any newspaper to find job offers. consult例句翻譯我堅(jiān)持在閱讀小說(shuō)時(shí)查詞典。 I persisted in consulting the dictionar

45、y while reading novels. 第54頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2vt. to ask for information or advice from someone who has special knowledge about a particular subject 向咨詢；求教consultAn increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes. 她向律師咨詢有關(guān)她離婚的事。 WordsShe consulted a lawyer about her divorce.

46、 例句翻譯越來(lái)越多的客戶向他們咨詢有關(guān)社會(huì)保障制度的變化。 Text第55頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義n. C, U a reason or set of reasons that you use for persuading other people to support your views, opinions etc 理由；論據(jù)；論點(diǎn)argumentIt is better to convince by argument than seduce by example. 有充分理由要求降低價(jià)格。 WordsTheres a strong argument for lowering the pr

47、ice. 例句翻譯以理服人強(qiáng)于以榜樣誘導(dǎo)。 The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his arguments in favour of the new theory. (Jun. 2000, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第56頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義n. C a form of something that is different from other forms or from the original 版本；改編形式versionThe late

48、st version of the film is more like the book. 這個(gè)作家寫了一部現(xiàn)代版的羅密歐與朱麗葉。 WordsThe author wrote an up-to-date version of the Romeo and Juliet. 例句翻譯這部電影的最新版本更忠實(shí)于原著。 Text第57頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1vt. to discover, prove, or decide that something is true 發(fā)現(xiàn)；確定；證實(shí)establishMedical tests established that she was not their

49、own child. 我們已經(jīng)查實(shí)，你那天下午就在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 WordsWe have established that you were present that afternoon. 例句翻譯醫(yī)學(xué)化驗(yàn)表明她不是他們的親骨肉。 Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. (Jan. 2000, CET4, Reading Comprehension )真題第58頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2vt. to make something start t

50、o exist or start to happen 建立；創(chuàng)立；設(shè)立The School was established in 1989 by an Italian professor. 政府同意成立兩個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)審議這些提議。 WordsThe government agreed to establish two committees to examine the proposals. 例句翻譯這所學(xué)院由一名意大利教授創(chuàng)建于1989年。 Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school presenting the ma

51、sters degree in business administration. (Jun. 1992, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題establishText第59頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義1vt. to understand an action, situation etc in a particular way 理解interpret藝術(shù)家具有和歷史學(xué)家同等的權(quán)力去闡釋歷史。 WordsAn artist has as much right to interpret history as a historian. 例句翻譯我們把他們的回答理解為贊同。

52、We chose to interpret the reply as favorable. 第60頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義2v. to translate what someone is saying in one language into another language so that someone else can understand it 翻譯；口譯interpretShe interpreted the French film for her English-speaking friend.你可以為外賓做口譯嗎？ WordsCan you interpret for the f

53、oreign visitors? 例句翻譯她為講英語(yǔ)的朋友翻譯了這部法語(yǔ)電影。 Text第61頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義a. with a lot of details or small parts, which makes something difficult to understand or deal with 復(fù)雜的；難懂的complexMental illness is by its nature very complex. 情況比我們想到的要復(fù)雜。 WordsThe situation was more complex than we realised. 例句翻譯精神病本質(zhì)上十分復(fù)雜

54、。 The traditional approach to dealing with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems. (Jun. 1996, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第62頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義n. U facts or physical signs that help to prove something 跡象；證據(jù)evidenceTheres some evidence that a small amoun

55、t of alcohol is good for you. 亞歷克斯的父親說(shuō)他沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)任何證據(jù)表明他的兒子有精神病。 WordsAlexs father says he never saw any evidence of his sons mental illness. 例句翻譯有證據(jù)顯示，少量飲酒有益健康。 There is no solid evidence that people can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab. (Dec. 2003, CET4, Vocabulary and S

56、tructure)真題Text第63頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義a. difficult or impossible to exist or do something without 不可缺少的；必不可少的indispensableA good education is indispensable to becoming a doctor.空氣對(duì)生命來(lái)說(shuō)是不可或缺的。 WordsAir is indispensable to life. 例句翻譯要成為醫(yī)生就必須接受良好的教育。 In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives p

57、lay indispensable roles in raising children. (Jan. 2002, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題Text第64頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義including many facts or aspects of a situation 詳細(xì)地in detailHe described in detail how the accident happened. 為了說(shuō)服投資人，他不得不把整個(gè)計(jì)劃細(xì)細(xì)說(shuō)明清楚。 WordsHe had to spell out the plan in detail to persuade t

58、he investors. 例句翻譯他詳細(xì)陳述了事故是怎樣發(fā)生的。 The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. (Jun. 2000, CET4, Reading Comprehension )真題Text第65頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義to achieve a good balance 取得合適的平衡；達(dá)到兩全其美strike a balanceIt seems impossible to strike a balance between catering to the needs o

59、f the first-timer and the needs of the expert. 我正努力在執(zhí)著與妥協(xié)之間找到平衡點(diǎn)。 WordsI am trying to strike a balance between insistence and compromise. 例句翻譯看來(lái)很難找到一個(gè)合適的平衡點(diǎn)，以同時(shí)滿足新手和專家的要求。 Text第66頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義to examine or search something very carefully 徹底檢查；徹底搜查go throughShe went through his pockets and eventually

60、found the keys.編輯仔細(xì)檢查全文查找語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。WordsThe editor go through the whole article for any grammatical mistakes.例句翻譯她仔細(xì)檢查了他的口袋，終于找到了鑰匙。 Text第67頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義to separate something into several smaller parts 分拆；分解break upI want to plant more bushes to break up the garden a bit. 你能把這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子分成簡(jiǎn)單的幾部分嗎？ WordsCan you b

61、reak up this long sentence into simpler ones? 例句翻譯我想多種些矮樹叢把花園稍微分隔成幾部分。 Text第68頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義to remember something, especially something that will be important in the future 記得（尤指重要的）某事keep sth in mind Keep me in mind if you need some help. 當(dāng)你坐到方向盤后面，就一定要時(shí)刻牢記安全第一。WordsAlways keep safety in mind when yo

62、u are behind the steering wheel.例句翻譯如果需要，記住我愿意提供幫助。 Text第69頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)例句翻譯釋義used when you are comparing two things or people and saying that the second one is very different from the first 對(duì)比之下by / in contrastIn contrast, the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered. 相比之下，私營(yíng)部門就有很多開(kāi)

63、銷。WordsThe private sector, by contrast, has plenty of money to spend.例句翻譯不同的是，生活在富裕家庭的姑娘們就備受呵護(hù)。 Text第70頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第71頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第72頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第73頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第74頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第75頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation第76頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation 理論型 理論型學(xué)習(xí)者喜歡有邏輯地、按部就班地做事情，喜歡把新信息消化吸收，然后創(chuàng)建合理的圖

64、式或模型。他們對(duì)于個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或創(chuàng)造性思維不那么適應(yīng)。 務(wù)實(shí)型 務(wù)實(shí)型學(xué)習(xí)者從有明確的實(shí)際價(jià)值的活動(dòng)中學(xué)到最多，他們喜歡在實(shí)際環(huán)境中檢驗(yàn)想法，不太喜歡開(kāi)放式討論。第77頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation從事研究 剛上大學(xué)時(shí)，你也許會(huì)對(duì)要做大量的研究感到有一點(diǎn)吃驚，并且這些研究通常要在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。重要的是不要被這些研究弄得心煩意亂，也不要被大量的資料壓垮。你可以把整個(gè)研究過(guò)程分成若干階段，而且在研讀資料時(shí)一直清楚自己的研究目的。第78頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation循序漸進(jìn)的閱讀方法是很有用的。首先從手頭的一般性教材和綜述文章入手，了解背景知識(shí)，以及對(duì)爭(zhēng)議性問(wèn)題的介紹。然后再去細(xì)細(xì)研

65、讀更專業(yè)的文章。第79頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation有效的閱讀要求你根據(jù)閱讀資料的類型和你的閱讀目的調(diào)整閱讀速度和閱讀方式。為消遣而讀時(shí)你可以看得快一些，中間不必停頓，也不用為以后還要回憶細(xì)節(jié)而擔(dān)心。相比之下，在查閱參考書時(shí)，你可能只看一兩段，但是會(huì)看得非常仔細(xì)，以確保你理解每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。第80頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation撰寫論文 論文需要周密的構(gòu)思和組織。下筆之前，你應(yīng)該擬定一個(gè)寫作提綱。你要知道你的主要論點(diǎn)是什么，知道你的文章要如何開(kāi)頭、如何展開(kāi)和結(jié)束。第81頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation當(dāng)你完成初稿時(shí)，要讀一遍并做些修改，以便讓讀者更容易理解你所陳述的觀點(diǎn)。然而，你

66、的首要任務(wù)是弄清楚標(biāo)題的確切含義。如果你誤解了題意，這篇論文就會(huì)徹底失敗。第82頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)原文Translation多花些時(shí)間思考文章的題目；如果它晦澀難懂，不妨用你自己的話重新闡述一下。此外還要考慮它可能包含的任何假設(shè)。比如，“16世紀(jì)議會(huì)的權(quán)力擴(kuò)大到什么程度？”這個(gè)題目基本上在誘導(dǎo)你認(rèn)同一個(gè)假設(shè)：議會(huì)的權(quán)力確實(shí)擴(kuò)大了。也許你并不贊同這一假設(shè)。記住，你可以不認(rèn)同，或者批判地對(duì)待這一假設(shè)。但你一定要保證自己的論證論據(jù)充足，推理嚴(yán)密。第83頁(yè)/共86頁(yè)TextBe critical It doesnt necessarily mean being negative about something, but rather means considering something carefully, making careful judgments, examining the context and any built-in assumptions, ideas, beliefs or feelings about something which are behind what is s