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1、 Body language 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素)given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years.Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk

2、and eggs.However，the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic-resistant infections(感染)．Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States. The World Health Organization(WHO)notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat bette

3、r，rather than earn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat.With the rapid development of Asia，people there are eating nearly four times as much meat，milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago. To meet the need，farmers have put many animals into smaller s

4、paces.As the animals are crowded together，the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics.It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually. Nowadays，doct

5、ors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work.The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs.The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide.Each year in the United States，at least two million peop

6、le get antibiotic-resistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections. Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose. 1．What accounts for the increasing amount of anti

7、biotics given to farm animals? A．The desire for new drugs. B．The less effective antibiotics. C．The outdated farm technology. D．The need for more various foods. 2．What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO? A．Making a lot of money. B．Focusing more on

8、 health. C．Having more meat in their diet. D．Living in a better environment. 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Antibiotics do harm to animals. B．Antibiotics help animals stay healthy. C．Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe. D．Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people. 4．What'

9、s the passage mainly about? A．The negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals. B．The advantages of using antibiotics. C．The reason for banning the use of antibiotics. D．A new way of raising farm animals. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要圍繞在農(nóng)場動物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響展開。 【難句分析】The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when pe

10、ople stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句when people stop living in poverty；they want to do 為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾the first thing; rather than連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)在賓語從句中作表語。 譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當(dāng)人們擺脫貧窮之

11、后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點，而不是掙更多的錢。 1．D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為用于農(nóng)場動物身上的抗生素的數(shù)量增加與人們對各種不同的食物的需求增加有關(guān)，故選D項。 2．C　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The World Health Organization (WHO) notes when people stop living in pover

12、ty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat”可知，C項正確。 3．D　考查推理判斷。結(jié)合第四段中的“Each year in the United States，at least two million people get antibiotic-resistant infections and at least 23,000 die from the

13、se infections”可推知，抗生素耐藥細菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster”可知，A項表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth”可知C項表述錯誤，可排除；B項最具干擾性，因為B項本身是正確的，但是B項是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項需要經(jīng)過推理判斷得來，

14、所以B項不符合題意。諸如B項這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項是考生做題時需要特別留意的。 4．A　考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農(nóng)場動物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響，故選A項。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________(allow) more patients to be treated. 答案：allowing　句意：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人得到治療成為可能。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。 2．—The

15、last one ________(arrive) pays the meal. —Agree! 答案：to arrive　代詞one前有the last，所以用不定式作后置定語。 3．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is likely ________(rain) later on. 答案：to rain　be likely to do sth. “很可能做某事”。 4．There has been a close ________(associate) between these two companies. 答案：

16、association　由設(shè)空前的“a close”可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式association，意為“聯(lián)系”。 5．The female hormones help the body defend itself ________some kinds of infections. 答案：against/from　句意：這些雌激素幫助身體抵御某些類型的感染。defend ... against/from “保護……免受……”。 6．One's ________(face) expressions may tell you some of his/her inner feelings. 答案：

17、facial　facial expressions “面部表情”。 7．I'm curious ________(know) what has happened to him. 答案：to know　be curious to do sth. “很想做某事”。 8．They claimed that they ________(represent) the interests of workers in the steel factory. 答案：represented　此處represent是賓語從句的謂語動詞，意為“代表”，由claimed可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。 9．He thr

18、ew the papers down on my desk and walked out with ________(angry)． 答案：anger　介詞with后接名詞，應(yīng)填anger，with anger “生氣地”。 10．The woman said the daily ________(greet) have become a habit. 答案：greetings　形容詞daily后接名詞，且此處表泛指，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，daily greetings “日常問候”。 三、完形填空 (2018·甘肅省蘭州市高考診斷考試) When your child is supp

19、osed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't __1__， __2__ you child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things __3__！ Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr

20、. Edward Hallowell says this is __5__. The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance. New hand-help __7__ such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and __8__ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task __9__， such as listenin

21、g in the classroom or doing homework. “__10__， the brain actually __11__ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing __12__ because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. __13__ the app

22、earance of hand-held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in __14__ performance, critical thinking skills and how information is __15__. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Ha

23、llowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and __16__ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch __17__ to or using their cell phones __18__ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long __19__， multit

24、asking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do __20__ on tests, resulting in lower grades. 1．A.play B．understand C．use D．work 2．A.only if B．even though C．so that D．no wonder 3．A.at once B．right away C．

25、in no time D．a(chǎn)t random 4．A.advocate B．deal C．perform D．prefer 5．A.impossible B．important C．impatient D．impolite 6．A.results in B．results from C．exists in D．exists from 7．A.designs B．discoveries C．equipment D．evidence 8．A.attract

26、 B．draw C．pay D．share 9．A.at hand B．on time C．on schedule D．a(chǎn)t times 10．A.Uncertainly B．Unfortunately C．Universally D．Undoubtedly 11．A.remains B．rewards C．regards D．reflects 12．A.better B．well C．bad D．worse 13．A.Since

27、 B．Before C．When D．While 14．A.accidental B．a(chǎn)ccurate C．a(chǎn)ccessible D．a(chǎn)cademic 15．A.produced B．processed C．possessed D．promoted 16．A.tend B．a(chǎn)ttend C．intend D．pretend 17．A.out B．on C．off D．over 18．A.except for B．rather th

28、an C．more than D．a(chǎn)part from 19．A.run B．walk C．journey D．distance 20．A.hardly B．successfully C．poorly D．mildly 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了孩子們同時做多項任務(wù)對學(xué)業(yè)所造成的負(fù)面影響。 1．D　根據(jù)下文中的“The reality is that multi-tasking __6__ poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并沒有什么效果，work“奏效，起作用”。 2

29、．B　根據(jù)語境可知，空處上下句之間存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，even though“即使，盡管”，符合語境。 3．A　根據(jù)下文中的“Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子們會聲稱能同時做十件事情。at once“一起，同時”。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，許多人相信他們可以同時做兩件或是更多事情。perform“做，執(zhí)行，履行”。 5．A　根據(jù)下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell認(rèn)為同時做多個任務(wù)是不可能的。故A項正

30、確。 6．A　根據(jù)語境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同時做多項任務(wù)的結(jié)果很不好。result in“導(dǎo)致，造成”。 7．C　根據(jù)空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此處表示新的便攜式裝備，故C項正確。下文13空后的“hand-held devices”也是信息提示。 8．D　根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)eading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任務(wù)容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。 9．A　根據(jù)空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing hom

31、ework”可知，這些都是手頭要做的事。at hand“在手邊”。 10．B　根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不贊成多任務(wù)行為，因此當(dāng)大腦給這種行為以肯定或鼓勵時，他認(rèn)為是不幸的。 11．B　根據(jù)空后的“even though”可知，空處與worse形成對比，由此可推知大腦反而鼓勵這種多任務(wù)行為。reward“獎賞，報答”。 12．D　根據(jù)上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子們并不知道自己變得更糟糕。 13．A　結(jié)合空后現(xiàn)在完成

32、時的運用可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞since“自從……之后”引導(dǎo)狀語從句。 14．D　根據(jù)上文的“teachers”可推知，老師們注意到學(xué)生們在學(xué)業(yè)上的差異。academic“學(xué)術(shù)的”。 15．B　根據(jù)下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，這些便攜式工具的出現(xiàn)改變了學(xué)生處理信息的方式。process“處理”。 16．A　根據(jù)空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking wi

33、th a ‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子們很難堅持一個理解起來有困難的話題，他們的注意力往往會分散。tend to do sth.“往往會做某事”。 17．D　根據(jù)語境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子們就有可能轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)之外的東西。switch over to“轉(zhuǎn)向”。 18．B　根據(jù)語境可知，孩子們?nèi)ネ媸謾C或，而不是更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。rather than“而不是”。 19．A　in the long run為固定短語，意為“從長遠來看”，符合語境。 20．C　根據(jù)空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在課堂上上網(wǎng)的孩

34、子考試成績差。 四、單句改錯 1．As Teachers' Day approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. _____________________________________________________ 答案：As→With或approaching前加was　With Teachers' Day approaching和As Teachers' Day was approaching都表示“隨著教師節(jié)的臨近”。前

35、者，with是介詞，構(gòu)成with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；后者，as是連詞，連接句子。 2．His mind was with ease and he felt confident in the future. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→at　at ease “不拘束，放松”符合句意。 3．At the airport, he kissed me goodbye on my cheek. _____________________________________________________ 答案

36、：my→the　表示觸碰別人身上某部位時，常用“動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位”。所涉及的動詞有hit, pat, tap, beat, strike等。 4．General speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller. _____________________________________________________ 答案：General→Generally　generally speaking “一般來說”，與in general意義相近。 5．T

37、here must have been some misunderstand. I did not order all these books. _____________________________________________________ 答案：misunderstand→misunderstanding　some后應(yīng)接名詞，故改為misunderstanding，意為“誤解；誤會”。 五、短文改錯 (2017·石家莊市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測一) Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by wr

38、iting on the Great Wall.In the fact，this happens in many place of interest. I had some suggestions to solve this problem. First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine，is necessary to tourists with so bad behavior. Also，I think it's help

39、fully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages. I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics. 【答案】　 Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public by writing on the Great Wall.In fact，th

40、is happens in many of interest.I some suggestions to solve this problem. First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine， necessary to tourists with bad behavior. Also，I think it's to put up some boards along the tourist attractions

41、tourists can leave messages. I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become about protecting cultural relics. 第一處：angry→anger?？疾槊~。形容詞public修飾名詞，故用名詞形式。 第二處：刪除fact前的the?？疾楣潭ù钆?。in fact為固定搭配，意為“事實上”，the多余。 第三處：place→places?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的many可知，名詞place應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第四處：had→have?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知

42、，該句陳述的是目前的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 第五處：public后加of/about?？疾榻樵~。inform sb.of/about sth.為固定搭配，表示“通知某人某事”。 第六處：is→are?？疾橹髦^一致。該句主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞punishments，故系動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。 第七處：so→such?？疾橄薅ㄔ~。該句中behavior為不可數(shù)名詞，只能用such修飾。so用于“so＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 第八處：helpfully→helpful?？疾樾稳菰~。is為系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。 第九處：that→where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為boards，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 第十處：concerning→concerned?？疾楣潭ù钆?。be/become concerned about為固定短語，意為“關(guān)注……”。 9