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1、2022年高中英語 Unit22 Environmental Protection Language Awareness導(dǎo)學(xué)案 北師大版選修8 Unit22 Environmental Protection Language Awareness Learning Aims:（學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)） 1.掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法。 2.so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句. 3.動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的用法.（重難點(diǎn)） Step1:Revision(知識回顧) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成。 Step2: Check previe

2、w（檢查預(yù)習(xí)） Step3:Lead—In(導(dǎo)入) Turn to page 15. Step4:Self-study and Cooperation（自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作探究） 1.Read the following sentences and pay attention to the underlined part. (1)．Many people thought that permission wouldn't be given，and some thought the project should never have been allowed.(P15)許多人認(rèn)為不會(huì)得到許可，

3、也有一些人認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程本來就不該被允許。 歸納拓展：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”結(jié)構(gòu)： ①must have done用于肯定句，表示“(過去)一定做了某事”。 ②can't have done表示“不可能做了某事”，用于對過去的否定情況把握較大的推測。 ③could have done表示“本能做某事(而實(shí)際上沒做)”。 ④might have done a．表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測，意思是“也許已經(jīng)做了某事，可能已經(jīng)做了某事”；b.表示責(zé)備、惋惜之情，意為“本可以做某事(而事實(shí)上沒做)”。 ⑤needn't have done表示“本不必做某事(而實(shí)際上做了)”。 例句

4、：You must have seen the film Les Choristes.你肯定看過電影《放牛班的春天》。 Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因?yàn)槲覄偛旁趫D書館看見他了。 He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.本來他能夠通過考試的，但是他太粗心了。 You may have read about it in the newspapers.你可能已經(jīng)在報(bào)上看過這個(gè)消息了。

5、 You needn't have told me the news.I have already known it.你本不必告訴我這個(gè)消息的，我已經(jīng)知道了。 （2）．The fabric is going to be suspended above the river so that the work of art can be seen from both above and below.(P15)這種織物將被懸在河的正上方，這樣一來，這件藝術(shù)品從上方和下方就都能看到了。 ①so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句：從句中常含有can/could，may/might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句和主句不用逗

6、號隔開，此時(shí)so that可用in order that替換(in order that可位于句首，而so that不能) ②so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：從句可用逗號與主句隔開，從句中一般沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 My old father began to study the puter at the age of sixty so that(＝in order that)he might keep up with the times.我的老父親60歲時(shí)開始學(xué)電腦，以便跟上時(shí)代。 She had not planned her time well，so that she did not fin

7、ish her homework on time.她沒把時(shí)間安排好，所以她沒按時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。 2．語法：主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 （1）某些系動(dòng)詞如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容詞時(shí)；某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞如：cut, read, sell, wear，write等帶狀語修飾語時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等含義時(shí)，均用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 This kind of tea tastes good. 這種茶嘗起來味道不錯(cuò)。 The books sell well.這些書很暢銷。 The shop opens from 9 a．m. t

8、o 10 p．m. 這家商店從上午九點(diǎn)到晚上十點(diǎn)營業(yè)。 （2）need, require, want等后接動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repaired. 這輛車需要修理。 These babies require looking after carefully. 這些嬰兒需要細(xì)心照料。 The plants want watering.這些植物需要澆水。 （3）在某些表語形容詞如：easy, difficult, hard, worth, dangerous, heavy, imposs

9、ible, fortable等后作狀語的不定式和主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 He is easy to get along with.他很好相處。 The question is very difficult to answer. 這個(gè)問題很難回答。 （4）在“主＋謂＋賓＋to do”句型中，不定式作定語修飾賓語，同時(shí)句子主語與不定式動(dòng)作為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 Today we have many exercises to do. 今天我們有許多練習(xí)要做。 In the past, they didn't have enough food to

10、eat. 過去，他們沒有足夠的食物吃。 Please lend me a pen to write with. 請借給我一支鋼筆用。 I want something to drink. 我想喝點(diǎn)什么。 I want to get something to read. 我想找點(diǎn)東西閱讀。 注意：如果不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較： I have something to type. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指請人打字) （5）在there be句型中，主語后的

11、不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 There are some problems to solve. 有些問題要解決。 （6）某些固定詞組、句型或用法如be to blame, be to let, be to seek, add up to, take place, turn out, catch on, consist of, e out, remain to do等可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 He is to blame.他應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。 The house is to let.此房出租。 （7）形容詞worth后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如： The b

12、ook is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 There's never anything worth watching on TV. 電視上從來沒有值得看的節(jié)目。 （8）?在too…to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如： The text is too difficult to understand. 這篇課文難以理解。 Step5：Showing and explaining(展示與點(diǎn)評) Explain some difficulties. 學(xué)生在黑板上寫下情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。 Step6: Doing exercises（課堂

13、檢測） 一．單項(xiàng)填空 1.Harry is feeling unfortable.He ________ too much at the party last night. A．could drink　　　 B．should drink C．would have drunk D．must have drunk 2．—I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity. —You________home half an hour earlier. A．should have left B．must have lef

14、t C．should leave D．must leave 3．—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants________before a final decision is made by the authority. A．interview B．a(chǎn)re interviewing C．a(chǎn)re interviewed D．a(chǎn)re being interviewed 4．Visitors________not to touch the exhibits. A．will request B．request C．a(chǎn)re reque

15、sting D．a(chǎn)re requested 5．—Mum，is the pair of gloves________mine? —Yes.You have to wear another pair. A．washing B．have washed C．having washed D．being washed 6．Much attention must________to the development of science and technology. A．pay B．to pay C．be paid D．to be paid 7. I want _____

16、___my hair cut, because it wants ________. A．having; cutting　　　　 B．to have; cutting C．to have; to cut D．having; to cut 8. This machine is very easy ________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A．operating B．to be operating C．operated D．to operate 9. I think it i

17、s your parents who________for your spoiled son. A．a(chǎn)re to blame B．a(chǎn)re going to blame C．a(chǎn)re to be blamed D．should blame 10．This kind of wool shirt ________ soft and ________ well. A．is felt; sells B．feels; sells C．is felt; is sold D．feels; is sold 11．As a result of the serious f

18、lood, two thirds of the buildings in the area ________. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair 二．完成句子 1.她本可以取得巨大進(jìn)步的，但她太懶了。 ____________________，but she was too lazy. 2.他不必那么急的。全速駕駛之后，他早到了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 ____________________．After driving at top speed，he arrived h

19、alf an hour earlier. 3．大多數(shù)室內(nèi)盆栽植物需要定期澆水。 Most house plants require________________regularly. 4.You__________________________ here earlier. 你本該早些來。 三．句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①I'll speak slowly in order that you can understand me. →I'll speak slowly ____________________． ②It is such fine weather that we all want

20、to go to the park. →It is fine weather ____________________． Step7: Summary and Homework（小結(jié)作業(yè)） 記憶主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況并背下例句。 預(yù)習(xí)Culture Corner. 1—5 DACDD 6—11 CBDABA 【答案】?、賁he might have made great progress　②He needn't have hurried (3)watering/to be watered (4)should have e 【答案】?、賡o that you can understand me　②so that we all want to go to the park