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1、狀語從句 （一）時(shí)間狀語從句 時(shí)間狀語從句 1．when, while, as的區(qū)別 這三個(gè)詞都可以用作連接詞，表示時(shí)間關(guān)系，但有所區(qū)別。 (1)when表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思常常是“當(dāng)(在)……的時(shí)候”。主句和從句中的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我們?cè)谇髮W(xué)的時(shí)候，每天都到圖書館去。 (2)while 用作連接詞表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思也是“當(dāng)(在)……的時(shí)候”，主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生。它有時(shí)可與when通用，

2、但它只能指一段時(shí)間(a period of time)，而不能指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的(a point of time)。如上面第一個(gè)例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二個(gè)例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 別人在工作的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)勿大聲講話。 (3)as用作連接詞表示時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)，意思也是“當(dāng)(在)……時(shí)候”，往往可與when或while通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動(dòng)作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the b

3、us.當(dāng)他下公共汽車的時(shí)候，我看見了他。 2．一些表示時(shí)間的名詞短語也可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如： The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty. 我第一次到這座島嶼的時(shí)候，我就對(duì)它的美麗感到驚異。 The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual. 我一走進(jìn)房間里，就覺得不對(duì)頭。 Eve

4、ry time I visit him, he is always reading. 每次當(dāng)我拜訪他的時(shí)候，他總是在讀書。 3．directly和immediately也可作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如： I knew something was wrong directly I arrived. 我一到就知道出事了。 The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned. 我一轉(zhuǎn)身孩子們就搗亂。 4．be

5、fore 和after before 引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，如果從句是過去時(shí)，主句一般要用過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。after引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，如果主句要用過去時(shí)，從句則要用過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。例如： The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.他到機(jī)場(chǎng)前飛機(jī)早就起飛了。 After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.

6、他在南方生活了將近二十年后，決定去北方碰碰運(yùn)氣。 They arrived at the cinema after the film began. 電影開始之后他們到了影院。 5．no sooner...than 和hardly (scarcely)．.. when 這兩個(gè)連詞詞組都是表示主句與從句動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，意為“一……就……”。主句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒裝。例如： No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain. 他剛走進(jìn)房間天就開始下起雨

7、來了。 He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang. 他剛上床電話就響了。 6．till 和until 這兩個(gè)詞的用法十分近似，都表示“直到……”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；在否定句中，主句要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until和before同義。例如： Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他們完成工作才回家。 7. It 與before, since, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用時(shí)的區(qū)別： (1)It is/has

8、been＋時(shí)間段＋since ... 自從……以來已有多長時(shí)間了。 (2)It is/was＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)＋when ... when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……”。 (3)It be ＋時(shí)間段＋ before ... it 指時(shí)間， 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)．主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語。常譯為“……之后……”。例如： How long is it since we met last time? 自從上一次我們見面以來已

9、有多長時(shí)間了？ It was a lready midnight when I got home. 當(dāng)我到家時(shí)已是半夜了。 It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan. 不久她就結(jié)婚，搬往日本了。 （二）地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句用where, wherever引導(dǎo) Where there is a will, there is a way.　有志者，事竟成。 Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.　無論他們走到哪兒都受到熱烈歡迎。 （三）原因狀

10、語從句 原因狀語從句用because（因?yàn)椋?，since（既然）, as（由于）引導(dǎo) 1、由why提問必須用because回答。 since, as不回答why的提問，而且從句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。 2、because of +名詞 Because of the rain, we didn’t go to the park. 3、because 和so不可連用，只能選其一。（另有although, but） Why didn’t he come to school? Because he was ill. Since I must die, I must

11、. 既然我一定要死，我一定這樣做。 4、for并列連詞，不能放在句首，主要放在兩個(gè)并列句之間。for所提供的理由為一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明，而且前面常有逗號(hào)隔開。 The days are short, for it is December now. （四）目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句用so（常用于口語）, that, so that, in order that引導(dǎo) 目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 We’ll sit never to the front so we can hear better. He stu

12、died hard so that he might succeed.　他努力學(xué)習(xí)，以便成功。 They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train. 他們急忙趕往火車站，以便能趕上火車。 （五）條件狀語從句 1．if 和unless if 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”，unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。例如： If you’ve got exams tomorrow, why aren’t you studying？如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學(xué)習(xí)？ The sports mee

13、t will begin tomorrow unless it rains.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)明天將要開始，除非下雨。 【專家提醒】　條件狀語從句中常用一般時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case 這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……條件下”等意思。例如： All living things respire as long as they live. 所有的生物只要他們活著都

14、要呼吸。 Supposing (that) you fail a second time, don’t get disappointed, but try again. 假如你又一次失敗了，不要泄氣，再試一次。 On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid. 如果液體進(jìn)一步冷卻的話，會(huì)變成固體。 3．only if和if only only if 引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語氣，意為“只要”； if only引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”。例如： on

15、ly if you have persistence, can you achieve great success. 惟有你堅(jiān)持下去，你才能成功。 If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily. 如果我有翅膀，我就能夠輕松地環(huán)游地球了。 （六）結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句由such…that, so…that, so that, that 引導(dǎo) 1. such… that 的常用句型 such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that such +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that

16、such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that 注意so many （much, few, little） +名詞，such a lot of （或lots of）+名詞是慣用法，不可亂用。 She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her. They were such beautiful flower that we bought home. It was such delicious food that they ate it up. 2. so+形容詞或副詞+that so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that

17、 He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself. It was so hot a day that we all went swimming. It was such a good day that we all went swimming. 3. so that, that都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 He didn’t study hard, （so） that he failed the exam. 4. too…to, enough…to 可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句與so…that 替換，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可以用too…t

18、o替換必須具備兩個(gè)條件，一是主句和結(jié)果狀語從句的主語必須一致，二是從句中的謂語部分必須含有can（could） not. She is so young that she can’t go to school. She is too young to go to school. She isn’t old enough to go to school. （七）讓步狀語從句 1．讓步狀語從句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether...or...，no matter who (when，what...)等引導(dǎo)

19、。 Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.盡管她學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但還是進(jìn)步不快。 Whenever I’m unhappy(＝No matter when I’m unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up. 不管什么時(shí)候我不高興，總是我的朋友給我鼓勵(lì)。 【專家提醒】 (1)however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，與它所修飾的詞一起放在句首。 (2)英語不允許在though 或although從句后同時(shí)用but。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩個(gè)部分的對(duì)比意義，可以

20、在主句前加上yet或still。 2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式 (1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動(dòng)詞＋副詞”時(shí)，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。 Hard as you may try，you will not succeed. 盡管你努力了，你可能不會(huì)成功。 (2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋不及物動(dòng)詞”，常將這個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞提到從句的句首。 Wait as you may，he will not see you. 盡管你等了，他可能不會(huì)見你。 (3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動(dòng)詞＋單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個(gè)作表語的名詞提前，但這個(gè)名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。

21、 Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong. 盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，他能明辨是非。 3．while作“盡管”講引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)往往放在句首 While I understand your viewpoint，I don’t agree with you. 盡管我明白你的觀點(diǎn)，我不贊成你。 （八）方式狀語從句 1．a(chǎn)s 和just as 二者都表示“如……；猶如……，正如……”。just as 比as強(qiáng)調(diào)的語氣更強(qiáng)。例如： In the early days, people could not count as we do now.

22、在早期日子中，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計(jì)數(shù)。 Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. 大部植物像它們需要水一樣，也需要陽光。 2．a(chǎn)s if 和as though as if 或as though從句可以用陳述語氣，表示可能符合事實(shí)的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反的情況，意為“好像，仿佛”。例如： It looks as though it is going to rain. 天看起來要下雨。 He spoke as if he were a philosopher. 他說話就像是一位哲學(xué)家。(從句

23、動(dòng)詞與主語謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句謂語要用一般過去時(shí)) He speaks as if he had been to the moon. 他談起話來就好像是去過月球。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，從句謂語要用過去完成時(shí)) He speaks as if he would fly to the moon. 他談起話來就好像是要飛往月球。(從句動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之后，從句謂語要用would/could/might＋do) （九）比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句由as…as, not as（so）…as, than, the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)引導(dǎo) He swims as well as yo

24、u. （do） He doesn’t swim as well as you （do）. He got here earlier than you. （did） The busier he is, the happier he feels. 典型高考英語陷阱題詳解·狀語從句 ? 1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _________ your work is being done.” A. before B. until C. as D. the moment

25、 【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為這是考查 not…until…結(jié)構(gòu)。 【分析】最佳答案選 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作業(yè)”，選 as 表原因。 2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_________ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?” A. As 子 B. While C. Because D. If 【陷阱】容易誤選A。 【分析】最佳答案選 B。盡管 as 和 while 均可用作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，但兩者有一個(gè)重要區(qū)別，就是

26、這樣用的 as 從句的謂語不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)然，如果 as 不是表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，其謂語是完全可以用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的。如： I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意為“因?yàn)椤?、“由于? 請(qǐng)做以下兩題，答案均選 while，不選as： (1) _________ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open. A. While B. As C. Before D. How (2) _________ you are a

27、lone with her, tell her that you like her. A. While B. As C. After D. How 3. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. when C. which D. where 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 D。where 在此引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，其意為“(在)……的地方”。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題(答案均選 where)： (1) The

28、famous scientist grew up _________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever (2) She found her calculator _________ she lost it. A. where B. while C. in which D. that (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again.

29、A. when B. where C. then D. which (4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where (5) You should let your children play _________ you can see them. A. where B. when C. in which D. that (6) Now he works in

30、 the factory _________ his father used to work. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower. A. that B. at which C. when D. where 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 D。此題與上面一題有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句；不同的是，此題還

31、涉及倒裝，即此句的主語是 the famous tower，謂語是 stood，正常詞序?yàn)?where the famous tower stood，使用倒裝是為了保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕。 4. They kept trying _________ they must have known it was hopeless. A. if B. because C. when D. where 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 C。when 在此的意思不是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，而是“盡管”、“雖然”的意思。又如： He walks when he might take

32、 a taxi. 盡管他可以坐出租車，但他卻走路。 He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 盡管他本來下次就可以成功的了，但他卻停止努力了。 The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 這男孩子本來應(yīng)該專心聽老師講的，但他卻坐立不安。 有許多同學(xué)只知道 when 表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，而不知道它還有其他許多意思，除上面提到的表示“盡管”、“雖然”外，when 還可表示“既然”、“考慮到”。請(qǐng)做下面的試題(答

33、案選D)： Why do you want a new job _________ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 5. He was about to tell me the secret _________ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. when D. while 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 C。when 意為“這時(shí)(突然)”，主要用于某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生于另一動(dòng)作正在

34、進(jìn)行或剛要發(fā)生之時(shí)。此時(shí)的 when 可以連用副詞 suddenly，也可以不連用它，但值得注意的是，同學(xué)們不能單獨(dú)用 suddenly 來代替 when，如下面各題的答案選A，不選B： (1) I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang. A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly (2) We were swimming in the lake _________ the storm started. A. when B. suddenly C. until D. bef

35、ore (3) She was walking down the road _________ she heard someone shouting for help. A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before 6. The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control. A. when B. since C. after D. before 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 D。before 意為“在……之前”，句意是“大火

36、在得到控制之前燃燒了相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間”。類似地，以下兩題也選 before： (1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _________ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as (2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _________ I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before

37、(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _________ she is completely well. A. that B. since C. when D. before (4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _________ they spoke. A. after B. before C. since D. when 7. Mother asked me to take more money __

38、_______ something unexpected should happen. A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 A。in case 起連詞作用，用以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，主要有兩種意思：一是表示條件，意為“如果”、“萬一”；二是表示“目的”，意為“以防”、“免得”。如以下各題也都選 in case： (1) _________ I forget, please remind me about it. A. In case B. So that C. In order t

39、hat D. When (2) Take your umbrella just _________ it rains. A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when (3) Be quiet _________ you should wake the baby. A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when (4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. A. in case B. so that C. in order that

40、 D. when (5). I’ll keep his address _________ I need it. A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. when 8. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _________ she has finished her homework.” A. when B. since C. unless D. as soon as 【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】最佳答案選 C。此句為省略句，答句句首的 No 表明其后省略的是

41、一個(gè)否定句，全句補(bǔ)充完整為：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 請(qǐng)做類似試題(答案均選B)： (1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, _________ you aren’t too noisy.” A. when B. if C. unless D. as soon as (2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _________ we promi

42、se him more money.” A. when B. unless C. unless D. as soon as (3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _________ we don’t sleep throughout the night.” 狀語從句 (2013全國卷I)32. There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since

43、 B. if C. as D. while (2013北京卷)30. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only (2013上海卷)30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have. A. however diffic

44、ult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty (2013上海卷)36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting. A. before B. until C. unless D. where (2013天津卷)5. small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.

45、A. As B. If C. Although D. Once (2013江蘇卷)28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever (2013安徽卷)23. It’s much easier to make

46、friends you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that (2013安徽卷)33. It’s said that the power plant is now large as what it was. A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice (2013湖南卷)23. You mus

47、t learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless (2013陜西卷)18. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when

48、(2013山東卷) 26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since (2013山東卷) 28. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However (2013重慶卷)25. __

49、______ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since (2013四川卷)7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _______ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before (2013江西卷)26.Ther

50、e are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as (2013江西卷)28.She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when (2013遼寧卷)24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter________full one’s schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where