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1、 閱讀題型篇 閱讀題型一 完形填空 8 01 命題趨勢 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化 1.考查內(nèi)容 完形填空是全國各省、地、市中考的必考題型，在中考英語試卷中一般占總分的10%—15%。從近幾年的中考命題趨勢來看，完形填空基本上遵循“突出語篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重實(shí)際”的設(shè)計(jì)思路，注重測試考生運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識，對文章提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理、分析歸納的綜合能力。完形填空考查考生對語法、詞匯、句型、句式、詞語慣用法等的掌握情況，特別是考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞，此外還有狀語從句的連接詞、詞組搭配及常用的詞語、冠詞、不定代詞等。 2.考查難度 完形填空題型綜合性較高

2、，難度較大。具體地說，雖然完形填空首句不挖空，但是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(個(gè)別試題給出三個(gè)選項(xiàng))都有較強(qiáng)的迷惑性和干擾性，同時(shí)命題者加大了句子層次和語篇層次設(shè)空所占的比例，有些后置性設(shè)空的難度也較大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出現(xiàn)，因此區(qū)分度較高。 3.試題特點(diǎn) 完形填空的基本設(shè)計(jì)形式都是從一篇短文中抽走10—15處，形成空白?？梢哉f完形填空是根據(jù)一篇文章所提供的情景進(jìn)行的選擇填空，也可以說它是在缺少個(gè)別單詞情況下的閱讀理解，試題特點(diǎn)也逐漸出現(xiàn)了“情景推理多，語法選項(xiàng)少”的趨勢。近年中考英語完形填空試題中，完全根據(jù)語法知識進(jìn)行選擇的很少。有的題目，既考查語法知識，也考查意義選擇，而且淡化語法知識，側(cè)重根據(jù)

3、文章內(nèi)容確定答案的“情景意義”選擇幾乎已經(jīng)覆蓋了完形填空的全部試題。 預(yù)計(jì)2015年中考完形填空題將繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)“突出語篇”的命題原則，即“意義填空逐步取代語法填空”，題材和體裁的選取會(huì)更加生活化、多樣化，選材內(nèi)容新穎，時(shí)代感強(qiáng)，更加注重貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際。加大對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)意義、上下文銜接、邏輯思維等內(nèi)容的考查，將是中考完形填空的命題趨勢。 02 方法歸納 能力提升化 1.重視首句，把握開篇 完形填空一般無標(biāo)題，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。細(xì)讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，同時(shí)可預(yù)測文章的主旨和大意。 2.通讀全文，掌握大意 解題前，要快速通讀全文，了解文章的基本

4、內(nèi)容和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。首先要跳過空白處，通讀全文，遇到對意思理解不透的地方時(shí)，仍要快速閱讀下去，不要把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在對個(gè)別字句的推敲上，應(yīng)全力以赴捕捉可能獲得的所有信息，盡快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中涉及的 “W”,即：who (人物)，what (事件)，when (時(shí)間)，where (地點(diǎn))，why (原因)，whose(相互關(guān)系)。切忌看一空填一空，以免斷章取義，誤解作者的本意。 3.瞻前顧后，逐步填空 “瞻前顧后”，即答題時(shí)要回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個(gè)空白處待填，在初定答案時(shí)要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時(shí)試填，然后通讀全句，通過擇優(yōu)法或排除法最后確定答案。 4.抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)

5、上下文解題 解題時(shí)，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子，以便準(zhǔn)確了解所提問題的特定語境以及語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，做到言之有據(jù)。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它們往往是全文或全段的主題句，通過它們可以知道文章的題材、大意、時(shí)間、人物和事件等。 5.復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案 把填好的短文通讀一遍，將不合題意的答案調(diào)整或修改；如果實(shí)在無法確定，可以作推理性猜測，不可放棄不填。進(jìn)行核查同時(shí)注意以下三點(diǎn)： (1)上下文的一致性：即時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的一致；代詞、名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)的一致。 (2)語法和慣用法及習(xí)慣搭配，甚至從語感入手，看是否符合上下文的邏輯。 (3)段與段、句與句之間的銜

6、接是否連貫。 03 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級化 ▲記敘篇 A(2014·鎮(zhèn)江) Recently，I felt like I reached a very low point in life. My relationships weren’t good，I wasn’t enjoying my classes，and I felt like I had nothing to 1 .My life seemed to be full of endless homework，tests and loneliness. Nothing anyone said seeme

7、d 2 to me. I wasn’t sure what to do about myself. All I wanted was to be happy again，but I didn’t know who or what would 3 that. During these days，I had trouble sleeping. I had to take sleeping pills but still woke up in the midnight. I had no 4 but to tell my dad. He 5 the book The Secret.

8、 I immediately bought the e-book online and read the whole thing that night. I’m 6 quite a stubborn person，but the effect on my mood after finishing the book was 7 .Suddenly，I felt like life was beautiful again. I had never felt such a deep and quick 8 in my life before. In fact，the book’s mes

9、sage was very simple—think positively(積極地).The book had many success stories about how people were able to 9 money，soul mates(心靈伙伴)and old friends back into their lives.I started learning to thank everything in my life like them.Little by little，I realized that The Secret could only work 10 I be

10、lieved these people’s success stories. Now I’m sure I can bring myself happiness. ( )1.A.take care of B.come up with C.look down on D.look forward to ( )2.A.helpful B.colourful C.peaceful D.powerful ( )3.A.serve

11、 B.offer C.answer D.prevent ( )4.A.problem B.idea C.need D.doubt ( )5.A.borrowed B.collected C.returned D.recommended ( )6.A.normally B.mainly C.finally D.probably ( )7.A.r

12、ealistic B.common C.obvious D.serious ( )8.A.breath B.notice C.surprise D.change ( )9.A.attract B.control C.imagine D.mention ( )10.A.until B.when C.unless D.before B(2

13、014·安徽) Once there lived a farmer called Henry. He had a brother，Mike，in town who was an excellent gardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were 1 everywhere. One day，Henry went to town to visit Mike.“Look，my brother，”said Mike，“Here is the best 2 tree from my garden.Take it home and

14、3 it so that you，and your children，and your children’s children can enjoy it.”Henry was 4 with the apple tree and went back home.The next morning，he began to 5 where he should plant it. “If I plant it on the hill，”said he to himself，“the wind might catch it and 6 down the fruit;If I plant

15、it close to the road，people who pass by will pick some of them;But if I plant it…” 7 he planted the tree in the corner behind his house，where no one else could notice it.But the tree bore(結(jié)出)no fruit the first year，nor the second.Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him 8 ，“You have chea

16、ted me.This is the third year and it brings me 9 but leaves.” When Mike saw where the tree was planted，he laughed and said，“You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 10 or warmth.How，then，could you expect flowers and fruit?” ( )1.A.simple B.famous C.similar D

17、.common ( )2.A.pear B.grape C.apple D.banana ( )3.A.sell B.wash C.hide D.plant ( )4.A.tired B.patient C.pleased D.popular ( )5.A.learn B.wonder C.realize D.understand ( )6.A.put B.cut C.push

18、 D.shake ( )7.A.Finally B.Firstly C.Luckily D.Certainly ( )8.A.happily B.angrily C.kindly D.carelessly ( )9.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything ( )10.A.air B.earth C.water D.sunligh

19、t C(2014·河南) “It’s raining cats and dogs!” Grandpa shouted. Little Richie came running to the window. He wanted to see the 1 falling from the sky.He looked out of the window，but it was 2 that there were no cats or dogs.He only saw small pools of water on the ground. “Man，it’s really coming

20、down out there!” Uncle Bob agreed 3 he looked out of the window，too. Richie scratched his head(撓頭).What was coming down? First they talked about cats and dogs that 4 be seen. Now someone said “it”.What was going on with these 5 ? “Wow!” Aunt Susie shouted as she looked out of the window.“It’s

21、raining really hard.” Richie 6 his aunt.“It’s raining hard，” he agreed，“but 7 are the cats and dogs?” Grandpa laughed.“ Richie，that just 8 it’s raining really hard.” “So why didn’t you just say that?” Richie 9 .It was irritating(惱人的)when people spoke like they were not speaking English at

22、all. “We did.You just didn’t understand these 10 .” Richie’s cousin said with a big smile. “Well，now I do.” Richie said. ( )1.A.tigers and lions B.pigs and sheep C.cats and dogs D.chickens and ducks ( )2.A.important B.possible C.necessary D.strange

23、 ( )3.A.unless B.after C.till D.though ( )4.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t ( )5.A.days B.animals C.ideas D.people ( )6.A.shouted at B.looked at C.laughed at D.pointed at ( )7

24、.A.what B.how C.where D.who ( )8.A.explains B.proves C.means D.shows ( )9.A.ordered B.thought C.repeated D.asked ( )10.A.sayings B.questions C.objects D.stories ▲說明篇 A(2014·曲靖) In

25、some science fiction movies，people in the future have their own robots.These robots are just like humans.They help with the housework and do the most 1 jobs. Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.However，they agree it may take hundreds of years.Scientists are now tr

26、ying to make robots look like people and 2 the same things as us.Japanese companies have already made robots walk and dance.This kind of robot will also be fun to watch. But robot scientist James White disagrees.He thinks that it will be 3 for a robot to do the same things as a person.For exam

27、ple，it’s easy for a child to 4 and know where he or she is.Mr White thinks that robots won’t be able to do this.But other scientists disagree.They think that robots will be able to talk to people 5 25 to 50 years. Robot scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people.For example

28、，there are already robots 6 in factories.These robots look more like huge arms.They do simple jobs over and over again.People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored.But robots will 7 get bored. In the future，there will be more robots everywhere，and humans will have 8 work to do.N

29、ew robots will have many different 9 .Some will look like humans，and others might look like 10 .After an earthquake，a snake robot could help look for people under buildings.That may not seem possible now，but computers，space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years

30、ago.We never know what will happen in the future! ( )1.A.unpleasant B.pleasant C.bored D.interesting ( )2.A.to do B.doing C.do D.did ( )3.A.easy B.possible C.exciting D.hard ( )4.A.look up B.wake up C.turn up

31、 D.put up ( )5.A.after B.before C.about D.in ( )6.A.work B.working C.to work D.worked ( )7.A.no B.ever C.never D.always ( )8.A.less B.a little C.fewer D.a few ( )9.A.names

32、 B.colors C.sizes D.shapes ( )10.A.turtles B.snakes C.monsters D.spiders B(2014·安徽) In China，very few children make pocket money. 1 ，in western countries，most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different 2 . When kids are

33、very young，their parents help them sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbours.Kids may also help 3 do housework to make money at home.When they 4 sixteen，they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants， 5 during the summer holidays. There are many 6 of m

34、aking pocket money by kids themselves. First of all，they learn the 7 of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly，they learn to 8 money to buy things they need or want，such as books，pencils，movies，and even clothes they like. Thirdly，they learn to 9 the daily life proble

35、ms by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 10 for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their kids to make pocket money. ( )1.A.Also B.Anyway C.However D.Besides ( )2.A.ways B .levels C.homes D.countries ( )3.A.teachers

36、 B.friends C.parents D.neighbours ( )4.A.get B.have C.catch D.reach ( )5.A.really B.hardly C.properly D.especially ( )6.A.choices B.advantages C.problems D.lessons ( )7.A.fun B.value C.message

37、 D.purpose ( )8.A.count B.waste C.manage D.change ( )9.A.give up B.look up C.deal with D.meet with ( )10.A.helpful B.careful C.beautiful D.successful C(2014·呼和浩特) Early in the morning，at noon，or in the ev

38、ening in big cities and in the countryside，all over the United States，you can see Americans running—men and women，young and old.People run 1 —along the beaches of California， 2 Central Park in New York，down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym.Some people even run in 3 living rooms. Runn

39、ing wasn’t so popular in the past.In the 1960s，runners were mostly athletes and healthy strong people.When people saw a runner，they used 4 ，“Hey，what’s the hurry for？”or they might say to 5 ，“Is he crazy？”At that time，women almost never ran.If they did，they might be laughed at.But today all thes

40、e have 6 .Men and women of all 7 enjoy running. Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States 8 these bad habits:eating too much，smoking cigarettes，and taking 9 exercise.Doctors tell us，“Eat less，don’t smoke，and exercise more.” Running is a good exercise 10 it helps build s

41、trong hearts and lungs.It also helps most people lose weight. ( )1.A.anywhere B.somewhere C.everywhere D.nowhere ( )2.A.among B.through C.with D.on ( )3.A.our B.your C.his D.their ( )4.A.to asking

42、 B.to speak C.to speaking D.to ask ( )5.A.them B.themselves C.their D.they ( )6.A.changed B.stopped C.worked D.done ( )7.A.people B.cities C.villages D.ages ( )8.A.come from B.look

43、for C.care for D.think of ( )9.A.few B.many C.much D.little ( )10.A.how B.where C.because D.until ▲議論篇 A(2014·濰坊) Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems. We can easily become unhappy 1 we solve our problems. 2 a

44、bout our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home. So how do we deal with our problems? Most of us have probably been angry 3 our friends，parents or teachers.Perhaps they said something you didn’t like，or you felt they were unfair.Sometimes，people can stay angry for years abut a

45、small problem.Time goes by，and good friendships may 4 . When we are angry，however，we are usually the ones affected.Have you ever seen young children playing together?But they fight very soon，and decide not to talk to each other.However，this usually doesn’t 5 for long.They become good friends ag

46、ain.This is an important 6 for us，we can solve a problem by leaning to forget. Many students often complain about school. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes，or think the rules are too 7 .We must learn how to change these “problems” into “challenges”(挑戰(zhàn)).As young adults，it is

47、 our duty 8 our best to deal with each challenge with the help of our teachers. By comparing yourself to other people，you will find your problems are not so 9 .Think about Stephen Hawking，for example，a very clever scientist.He can’t walk or even speak，but he regards his many physical problems a

48、s unimportant.Now he is known 10 a great scientist in the world.We are probably quite healthy and smart.Let’s not worry about our problems.Let’s face the challenges instead. ( )1.A.unless B.if C.when D.as ( )2.A.Worry B.Worrying C.Worried D.Wor

49、ries ( )3.A.of B.to C.with D.in ( )4.A.lose B.be lost C.keep D.be kept ( )5.A.last B.do C.produce D.make ( )6.A.program B.tool C.class D.lesson ( )7.A.kind B.

50、strict C.weak D.free ( )8.A.to try B.to have C.to put D.to keep ( )9.A.terrible B.pleasant C.painless D.useful ( )10.A.about B.for C.with D.as B(2014·重慶) These days，some middle schools in

51、 China are trying to do something different. The students choose classes according to their own needs. For each subject，they can make a choice from different levels(等級)of difficulty. So instead of staying in the 1 classroom，they go to different rooms to have their lessons.And the teachers make sp

52、ecial teaching plans for 2 . There are different opinions about it. Xia Rui，a 13-year-old girl，said，“ I really love it.I think it’s nice that we can 3 classes by ourselves.My English is poor.I used to be afraid to answer questions in class.I think that the good students may 4 me when I make

53、mistakes.Now I feel much more relaxed.” But her classmate Chen Gang didn’t agree.“ I don’t think it is so good 5 it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are，” he said.“During the breaks，students can be seen here and there，running and shouting to find their 6 .” “I’m worried

54、that some students may think they are in the lower class 7 lose interested in the subject，” their math teacher，Mr.Wang said.“I also 8 that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level.” “In my eyes，it is good 9 both students and teachers，”Mr. Wang also said.“As

55、teachers，we can make teaching plans more 10 and the students will develop better.” ( )1.A.clean B.same C.bright D.empty ( )2.A.us B.him C.them D.you ( )3.A.play B.teach C.choose D.work ( )4.A.lau

56、gh at B.listen to C.look after D.wait for ( )5.A.whether B.because C.when D.before ( )6.A.parents B.friends C.books D.classrooms ( )7.A.and B.but C.till D.or ( )8.A.hope

57、 B.report C.cry D.worry ( )9.A.for B.at C.on D.with ( )10.A.slowly B.easily C.quietly D.brightly C(2014·阜康) Sometimes we have a fight with a friend. Many times，you find that you even forgot what the 1 was

58、 about.You just seemed to be angry，and then 2 talking to each other.Time goes by and you realize that you 3 the friendship，and wished you could talk to your friend again. Leaving the argument alone，and avoiding(避免) 4 .If you talk right after the fight，many things are said out of anger.Howeve

59、r，do not wait too 5 .Too long time may make the relationship more difficult to make up.So 6 the fight calms down，make sure you talk to the person before it’s too late.After you do that，sit down and say you’re 7 if you are the one who caused the fight. Maybe your friend could be at fault(過錯(cuò)).I

60、f you’re not sure，review the events that led up to the fight.If your 8 is wrong，don’t apologize.You probably didn’t do anything wrong.So give your friend the 9 shoulder.Wait until they say they are sorry.And if they don’t apologize，they’re not worth your 10 . You can spend the time with other

61、friends. ( )1.A.meeting B.story C.fight D.advice ( )2.A.stop B.begin C.prefer D.like ( )3.A.have B.hate C.miss D.build ( )4.A.talking B.playing C.listening D.studying ( )5

62、.A.short B.long C.early D.far ( )6.A.before B.until C.while D.after ( )7.A.right B.happy C.sorry D.excited ( )8.A.friend B.teacher C.sister D.brother ( )

63、9.A.warm B.hot C.cool D.cold ( )10.A.money B.time C.anger D.stress ▲應(yīng)用篇 A(2014·達(dá)州) Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life.Here is a survey showing the main problems of 1 . They feel stressed because they

64、have 2 homework to do both at school and at home.They have lots of exams 3 . And parents usually send them 4 different classes at weekends.As a result，so many of them almost become bookworms(書蟲).On holidays，they could hardly have 5 time to do what they are interested in.Now more and mor

65、e teenagers 6 short-sighted.They often read in bed or keep 7 for a long time without having a rest.Some of them are crazy about playing computer games.Some 8 too much watching TV. 9 serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food，but they tak

66、e little exercise. I think teenagers should think of ways on how to 10 the problem.They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible. ( )1.A.adult B.adults C.teenager D.teenagers ( )2.A.too many B.too much C.much too D.many too ( )3.A.join B.to be taken C.to take D.to join ( )4.A.to B.for C.of D.in ( )5.A.our own B.their own C.his own