0005-春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上的春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)【全套7張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書】
0005-春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上的春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)【全套7張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書】,全套7張CAD圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯+說明書,春卷,自動(dòng),成型,生產(chǎn)線,機(jī)械傳動(dòng),結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì),全套,cad,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,說明書,仿單
內(nèi)容摘要:如今,隨著人們?nèi)粘I畹奶岣邔?duì)于食物的需求也越來越多,春卷作為中國的傳統(tǒng)食物更是必不可少。傳統(tǒng)的春卷皮制作已經(jīng)不能夠滿足市場的需要,于是春卷皮機(jī)被設(shè)計(jì)出來了,一種專門用于代替手工制作春卷皮的機(jī)器。
春卷皮機(jī)具有生產(chǎn)效率高,節(jié)省人力,安全衛(wèi)生等優(yōu)勢,但是在實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)的過程中仍然存在著各種問題。這次的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)就是根據(jù)市場上的春卷皮機(jī)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行自我的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品,進(jìn)行春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。
春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)主要涉及到滾筒部分設(shè)計(jì)和滾筒傳動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì)。
滾筒部分設(shè)計(jì)主要是加熱部分。首先需要確定加熱的方式,然后根據(jù)熱傳導(dǎo)公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算得出加熱功率、滾筒各部分的尺寸厚度。最后是滾筒的整體結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,確定本套方案的可行性。
滾筒傳動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì)主要是利用摩擦滾帶動(dòng)滾筒旋轉(zhuǎn)工作。由于滾筒是高溫工作,一般的傳動(dòng)方式會(huì)受到溫度的影響無法長時(shí)間保證正常作業(yè),所以選擇摩擦滾傳動(dòng)。摩擦滾能夠適用于高溫高壓下的機(jī)械部件,完全符合本次的設(shè)計(jì)要求。摩擦滾需要計(jì)算出摩擦滾軸的大小,軸上的受力分析,力的傳導(dǎo)需要選擇的軸承等。
關(guān)鍵詞:春卷皮機(jī),滾筒,摩擦滾,熱傳導(dǎo)
Abstract:Nowadays, with the improvement of People's Daily life for food demand more and more, spring rolls as a traditional Chinese food is essential. Traditional spring roll making is no longer able to meet the needs of the market, so spring rolls machine was designed, a dedicated machine instead of hand-made spring roll.
Spring rolls machine has high production efficiency, saves the manpower, the advantages of the safety and health, but in the actual production still exist problems. The design task is based on the spring rolls machine features on the market for self-improvement products, innovative design, the design of mechanical transmission structure spring rolls machine automatic molding production line.
Spring rolls automatic making line of spring rolls machine mechanical transmission structure design are mostly about the roller part design and roller transmission part design.
Roller part is designed primarily heating section. First need to determine the heating mode, then the calculated heating power, the size of each part of the roller in accordance with the thickness of the heat conduction equation. Finally, analysis of the overall structure of the roller to determine the feasibility of this set of programs.
RollerDrive part of the design is the use of friction roller drive rotation of the roller work. Since the roller is high temperature, general transmission mode will be affected by temperature can't working, ensure the normal operation, so I chose the friction roller drive. Friction roller can be applied to mechanical parts under high temperature and pressure, in full compliance with the requirements of this design. Friction roller friction roller need to figure out the size, stress analysis and need to select the bearings.
Key Words: Spring rolls machine Roller Friction roller Heat Conduction
春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)
1 論文結(jié)構(gòu)
1.1 總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)想
論文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)將做如下安排:
1.綜述目前春卷食品生產(chǎn)線的生產(chǎn)過程及其自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的研發(fā)狀況和現(xiàn)狀,市場上的春卷皮生產(chǎn)的主要方式及成本消耗情況。
2.總結(jié)市場上主要的春卷皮生產(chǎn)的方式,它的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),功率消耗和生產(chǎn)效率對(duì)比情況。
3.研究設(shè)計(jì)并確定春卷皮生產(chǎn)機(jī)器的傳動(dòng)方式,電機(jī)的選擇,計(jì)算出各部分效率比值,選擇市場上的電刷裝置,確定滾筒和加熱功率。
4.整體結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)化處理,解決運(yùn)輸難題和產(chǎn)品防震地面固定處理。
1.2 主要解決的問題
1.市場上春卷皮制作機(jī)器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、生產(chǎn)所采用的主要形式。
2.分析春卷皮成型所需要達(dá)到的條件,機(jī)器傳動(dòng)方案的選擇,整體結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)思。
3. 進(jìn)行春卷自動(dòng)成型生產(chǎn)線上春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案分析和具體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
1.3 主要工作
1.調(diào)查研究市場上的春卷皮機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu),生產(chǎn)工作方式。
2.確定春卷皮機(jī)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案,進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
3.設(shè)計(jì)滾筒和加熱功率,選擇最佳的設(shè)計(jì)方案。
3.計(jì)算確定機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)比值,選擇適合的傳動(dòng)方式及其具體參數(shù)的確定。
4.設(shè)計(jì)春卷皮機(jī)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸
2 文獻(xiàn)綜述
2.1 傳統(tǒng)手工春卷皮制作方法
1、普通面粉和的比較?。ǖ群隣畛硪恍?,加鹽和油少許,使勁朝一個(gè)方向拌,徹底均勻了后,醒2個(gè)小時(shí)左右;?
2、平底鍋燒熱(不要太熱,中等溫度就可以了),可以不放油,鍋離開火,用刷子蘸面糊在鍋內(nèi)刷上一圈,再把鍋放回火上,等看著顏色發(fā)白了就是熟了,揭起即可。
鍋太熱,皮乾得太快,面糊抓起時(shí)會(huì)連烤好的皮一起抓起。
鍋太冷,做出來的皮較厚,且不易揭下。
鍋太黏,皮在上頭很難揭下,可用紙沾點(diǎn)油擦拭鍋心,如油太多,可用廢棄的春卷皮擦拭去。
缺點(diǎn):面糊刷鍋時(shí),不能太薄,也不要太厚,太薄的話,皮熟后會(huì)變脆,不好包餡,太厚的話,當(dāng)然是不好吃。操作麻煩,生產(chǎn)效率低,只能個(gè)人家中制作少量的食用,無法無法滿足市場的銷售量。
2.2 市場上春卷皮制作機(jī)器的現(xiàn)狀
SRP-45型春卷皮機(jī)[1]由上海安久國際貿(mào)易有限公司研制生產(chǎn)。該機(jī)具有以下特性:
1.烤輪采用特殊合金鋼材質(zhì),不變形。
2.噴漿嘴精度高,制出的春卷皮厚薄均勻。
3.采用微電腦溫控系統(tǒng),春卷皮軟硬度均型春卷皮機(jī)勻。
4.機(jī)器符合進(jìn)人歐洲市場安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
5.全自動(dòng)裁剪、疊放、整放春卷皮,省時(shí)省力。
6機(jī)身采用不銹鋼材質(zhì)。
主要技術(shù)參數(shù):總功率60kW,生產(chǎn)效率9000片/h,皮的最大寬度430mm,皮的厚度0.35---0.80mm。外形尺寸:5800毫米×1400毫米×1800毫米。
CJP-50型春卷皮機(jī)[2]是北京市糧食科學(xué)研究所參照國外先進(jìn)水平,結(jié)合我國國情設(shè)計(jì)的。由中國輕工機(jī)械總公司安陽機(jī)械廠生產(chǎn)。
本機(jī)是制作春卷皮的較佳設(shè)備,也可以制作厚度由0.25---1毫米的各種片狀快餐食品。適用于高級(jí)賓館、大中型飯店、食品廠以及前店后廠(中小城鎮(zhèn)、糧店、食品店)生產(chǎn)春卷皮。
主要技術(shù)參數(shù):
產(chǎn)量:20斤/小時(shí)(面粉),總功率:8.99千瓦,滾筒電機(jī):180瓦,面泵電機(jī):180瓦,切斷電機(jī):180瓦,電泵:40瓦,加熱板:8.4千瓦,滾筒直徑:500毫米,面皮制作厚度:0.25---1毫米,面皮塊重(200×200毫米):10---15克,切斷機(jī)輸送速度:3.14米/分,機(jī)重:340公斤
2.3 春卷皮機(jī)的電熱原理與設(shè)計(jì)
目前,春卷皮在國內(nèi)外市場上呈供不應(yīng)求狀況。對(duì)其主要生產(chǎn)設(shè)備—春卷皮機(jī)的需求量亦隨之增大。而春卷皮的生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量乃至春卷皮機(jī)的工作可靠性很大程度上取決于電熱系統(tǒng)及其電熱元件的設(shè)計(jì)合理性及制造質(zhì)量。特別是與一般食品烘焙設(shè)備相比,春卷皮機(jī)的電熱系統(tǒng)及加熱原理有其特殊性。因此,如何根據(jù)生產(chǎn)需要和春卷皮機(jī)的特點(diǎn),選擇、設(shè)計(jì)合適的加熱方式、結(jié)構(gòu)、參數(shù),提高電熱元件壽命和可靠性是提高春卷皮機(jī)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵所在。
目前,國內(nèi)外各種類型春卷皮機(jī)的基本工作原理大體是相似的,都是把預(yù)先調(diào)好的糊狀面漿均勻地噴涂在勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的滾筒圓柱表面上。滾筒內(nèi)部裝有能恒溫控制的電熱系統(tǒng)而使工作表面具有一定的溫度,噴附在滾筒工作表面上的面漿在隨之轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)過程中,受此溫度的烘焙作用而形成連續(xù)的帶狀春卷皮。
春卷皮機(jī)按其產(chǎn)量和滾筒直徑分類:
(1)小型—產(chǎn)量20kg/h以下,滾筒直徑在800mm以下。
(2)中型—產(chǎn)量20 ---40kg/h,滾筒直徑在800---1000mm。
(3)大型—產(chǎn)量40kg/h以上,滾筒直徑在1000mm以上。
目前,規(guī)模生產(chǎn)企業(yè)主要采用大、中機(jī)型。
按滾筒定軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方式分類:
(1)有心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn),但由于結(jié)構(gòu)限制,需采用懸臂結(jié)構(gòu),因此承載能力差,主要應(yīng)用于小型機(jī)型上。
(2)無心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)工作可靠、承載能力大,但不如有心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn),主要應(yīng)用于大、中機(jī)型。
按電熱系統(tǒng)加熱方式分類:
(1)紅外式加熱
(2)電磁感應(yīng)式加熱
(3)電阻式加熱
紅外式加熱原理是利用紅外電熱元件通電產(chǎn)生的熱能先用來加熱某種紅外線輻射物質(zhì),使其輻射出紅外線然后再用來加熱滾筒。其傳熱方式主要是靠輻射,最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是輻射效率高。因此在食品烘焙設(shè)備中應(yīng)用非常廣泛。但對(duì)于春卷皮機(jī)來說,由于輻射出的紅外線并非象其它烘焙設(shè)備那樣用來直接加熱食品,而是先用來加熱滾筒然后再間接加熱食品,所以它的優(yōu)越性并不突出。而由于結(jié)構(gòu)限制,它的抗振能力稍差,所以,目前只應(yīng)用存振動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性較好的小型機(jī)上。
電磁感應(yīng)加熱原理是將春卷皮機(jī)的滾筒器于曲勵(lì)磁裝置產(chǎn)生的交變磁場中,這樣,由于交流電的集膚效應(yīng)而在滾筒表層產(chǎn)生渦流而發(fā)熱這種方式熱傳遞過程中熱能損失極小,所以,熱效率高。根據(jù)交變電流頻率分為低頻(50w-60Hz)和高頻(15000Hz以上)二種形式。春卷皮機(jī)獨(dú)特工作機(jī)理(春卷皮漿噴附在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)滾筒外周)使得感應(yīng)裝置安裝、結(jié)構(gòu)沒計(jì)比其它電磁感應(yīng)加熱裝置要復(fù)雜,成本也高。因此,目前應(yīng)用還不普遍,但這是一種很有潛在競爭力的加熱方式。
申阻式加熱原理比較箔將電熱元件周定在滾筒上,通電時(shí),由于電熱元件電阻發(fā)執(zhí)廣以毛的熱能通過多層壁濘熱的方式傳到養(yǎng)卷皮上。具體結(jié)構(gòu)形式很多,電熱元件材質(zhì)又分金屬(鎳鉻合金、鐵鉻鋁合金等)和非金屬(碳化硅、PTC半導(dǎo)體材料等)。天津商學(xué)院和天馬工程公司合作研制的CHP-100A型春卷皮機(jī)的電熱系統(tǒng)(新型電熱器)就屬于這種形式。
電阻式加熱方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、熱均勻、維護(hù)方便,因此在春卷皮機(jī)上應(yīng)用的最廣泛。本次設(shè)計(jì)即采用電阻式加熱方案。
2.4 春卷機(jī)液壓泵的原理及設(shè)計(jì)選擇
液壓系統(tǒng)主要由動(dòng)力元件(液壓泵)、執(zhí)行元件(如液壓缸和液壓馬達(dá))、控制元件(各種液壓閥)、輔助元件和液壓油等組成。其中液壓泵作為液壓系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力元件,是液壓系統(tǒng)中的能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,它將電機(jī)輸出的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐簤耗?,為系統(tǒng)提供一定流量和壓力的油液。
液壓泵是液壓系統(tǒng)中的最基本元件,作為構(gòu)成液壓系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)和液壓系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力的源頭,液壓泵性能的好壞直接影響著液壓系統(tǒng)的整體性能,液壓泵性能低下會(huì)降低整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。例如,在液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動(dòng)的諸多原因中,液壓泵的輸出流量脈動(dòng)就是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生壓力脈動(dòng)的根源,是液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動(dòng)的主要原因。因此,針對(duì)液壓泵的自身特點(diǎn),設(shè)法提高液壓泵的各方面性能,是提高液壓系統(tǒng)整體性能的一個(gè)重要突破口。
液壓泵的種類很多,分類方法也各不相同。按工作原理,它們都是依靠密封工作油腔的容積不斷變化進(jìn)行工作的,因此也被稱為容積式液壓泵。常用的液壓泵主要有以下幾種類型
(1)柱塞泵:
柱塞泵依靠柱塞在缸體中往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),使泵內(nèi)部密封工作容腔的容積發(fā)生變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)吸油、壓油。柱塞泵具有效率高、泄漏小、額定壓力高、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、易于變量等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它成本較高、對(duì)油液污染很敏感。使用最廣泛的兩種柱塞泵是斜盤式軸向柱塞泵和斜軸式軸向柱塞泵。
(2)鏈輪泵:
鏈輪泵是通過將兩個(gè)相互嚙合的鏈輪密封在一個(gè)殼體內(nèi),在鏈輪的嚙合過程中,使殼體內(nèi)的有效工作容積發(fā)生變化來輸送油液的液壓泵。鏈輪泵具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、體積小、重量輕、自吸性能好、轉(zhuǎn)速范圍大、不容易咬死、對(duì)污染不敏感、使用可靠、壽命較長、便于制造、便于維修,成本低等特點(diǎn),因此被廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)中。
依據(jù)鏈輪的嚙合方式,鏈輪泵可以分為外嚙合鏈輪泵和內(nèi)嚙合鏈輪泵兩種。
外嚙合鏈輪泵通常由兩個(gè)尺寸相同的鏈輪通過外嚙合完成回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)液體的吸入和排出。而內(nèi)嚙合鏈輪泵由一對(duì)相互嚙合的內(nèi)鏈輪及它們中間的月牙形件、泵殼等構(gòu)成。同外嚙合鏈輪泵相比,內(nèi)嚙合鏈輪泵的制造稍顯復(fù)雜,但其結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊,噪聲更低。
(3)葉片泵:
葉片泵在工作時(shí),通過轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的離心力和壓力油的作用,使葉片頂端緊貼在定子內(nèi)表面形成工作容積,在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中工作容積不斷變化,完成吸排油動(dòng)作。葉片泵具有輸出流量均勻、脈動(dòng)小、噪聲小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但其同時(shí)具有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、自吸性能較差、對(duì)污染較敏感等不足。
盡管結(jié)構(gòu)各不相同,但以上列舉的各類型液壓泵都是依靠密封容積變化的原理來進(jìn)行工作的,它們統(tǒng)稱為容積式液壓泵。本次設(shè)計(jì)采用鏈輪泵,成本低。
2.5 春卷機(jī)傳動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì)
工作滾筒上的傳動(dòng)采用摩擦滾傳動(dòng)。摩擦滾適合用在精密儀器、高溫高壓條件下的機(jī)械部件,重型高負(fù)荷設(shè)備等。適用的范圍如下:
1.高溫條件下的軸承(經(jīng)向軸承、套筒軸承、導(dǎo)向軸承、滑動(dòng)軸承、滾動(dòng)軸承)
2.防摩擦軸承或滾柱軸承
3.陶瓷、耐火材料等行業(yè)高溫窯車軸承的潤滑
4.建材工業(yè)的高溫烘房;木材加工行業(yè)的熱壓機(jī)耐火材料廠的窯車輪轂軸承、水泥廠洪爐支撐轉(zhuǎn)轂、烤漆、噴涂線
5.食品級(jí)軸承用脂,糕點(diǎn)傳輸帶軸承、烘房傳輸鏈軸承
6.紡織印染工業(yè)的拉伸拉幅機(jī)、熱定型機(jī)、蒸化機(jī)、如韓國理合,韓國日新,韓國美光,臺(tái)灣里根,亞磯;德國布魯克納
7.鼓風(fēng)機(jī)軸承、干燥箱、平版爐、水閘、烘干
春卷皮機(jī)的滾筒就屬于高溫定型部分,所以采用摩擦滾的傳動(dòng)方式進(jìn)行。
動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)和摩擦滾之間的傳動(dòng)方式采用鏈傳動(dòng)。鏈傳動(dòng)是在兩個(gè)或者多與兩個(gè)鏈輪之間用鏈條作為撓性拉拽元件的一種嚙合運(yùn)動(dòng)。它的傳動(dòng)因?yàn)槠渚哂幸韵聨讉€(gè)有點(diǎn):傳動(dòng)功率大、且張緊力小,作用在軸和軸承上的力小;能在低速、高溫和重載條件下以及塵土飛揚(yáng)、淋油、淋水等不良環(huán)境中工作;傳動(dòng)的效率高,一般可達(dá)95%~98%;傳動(dòng)距離長等。它被最為廣泛的用于采礦、農(nóng)業(yè)、運(yùn)輸、起重、化工、石油、紡織等各種機(jī)械的動(dòng)力和運(yùn)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)中。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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電加熱鍋爐系統(tǒng)
該鍋爐以電力為能源,通過電加熱管加熱供暖、空調(diào)或衛(wèi)生用熱水,該機(jī)加 熱快、熱效率高、體積小、無噪音、模塊式供熱、節(jié)約能源、安裝使用方便、綜 合了國內(nèi)外各方面先進(jìn)技術(shù)而成的最新一代產(chǎn)品。
一、控制原理
采YLZK系列鍋爐電腦控制器。我公司吸收國外先進(jìn)技術(shù),結(jié)合國內(nèi)鍋 爐控制自動(dòng)化的各種需要和具體應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,采用現(xiàn)代電腦控制技術(shù),而推出的新 一代鍋爐控制器。適用于蒸汽鍋爐、熱水鍋爐和導(dǎo)熱油爐的自動(dòng)控制,具有可靠 性高、自動(dòng)化程度高、使用方便、操作簡單、功能豐富、控制靈活、造型美觀、 性能價(jià)格比高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
本機(jī)采用智能模塊式工控機(jī)(IPC)作為控制系統(tǒng)的核心。智能模塊式工控 機(jī)(IPC)是一種基于串行總線的多種模塊組成的工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。由于采 用了串行總線,它比以往采用的并行總線(如STD、PC104,ISA 等)具有更多 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它的每一個(gè)模塊就是一個(gè)帶有微處理器(CPU)的智能單元,本身具有強(qiáng) 大的可編程功能,可獨(dú)立完成各種復(fù)雜的單元功能,是國內(nèi)鍋爐電腦控制器中最 先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品。
具有鍋爐水溫控制、鍋爐水位控制、回水溫度檢測、二次回水電動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)閥控 制、缺水保護(hù)、超溫保護(hù)、定時(shí)控制等自動(dòng)控制功能。
管束式電熱鍋爐是該廠綜合了國內(nèi)外各方面技術(shù)而形成的新一代產(chǎn)品。它采 用模糊控制原理,結(jié)合PLC 控制器,通過溫度傳感器,構(gòu)成閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。按 恒溫、節(jié)能的優(yōu)化運(yùn)行原則,隨著水溫的變化,控制系統(tǒng)不斷進(jìn)行溫度采樣、邏 輯運(yùn)算和人工神經(jīng)元控制算法調(diào)節(jié)運(yùn)算,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)恒溫之目的。
二、產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)
(1)利用觸摸屏作操作界面,實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)對(duì)話,易懂、易學(xué)、易記,操作簡 單方便。通過顯示屏上的功能鍵可查核、設(shè)定和修改各種調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)。
(2)系統(tǒng)控制核心PLC,其可編程序靈活性大、邏輯處理能力強(qiáng),具有較 高的運(yùn)行速度及可靠性。
(3)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)采用國際先進(jìn)電器元件。
(4)控制器帶內(nèi)藏式實(shí)時(shí)日歷時(shí)鐘。系統(tǒng)可按用戶要求,在任意時(shí)間設(shè)定 多個(gè)不同的溫度設(shè)定值,達(dá)到最佳節(jié)能效果。
(5)鍋爐控制柜設(shè)有斷流、超溫、超壓、短路、漏電、缺相、過流等保護(hù) 功能,鍋爐運(yùn)行更加穩(wěn)定、安全。
(6)鍋爐可外設(shè)蓄熱水箱,利用夜間低谷電加熱熱水至95℃,進(jìn)行蓄熱水 箱儲(chǔ)存,白天利用換熱器換熱后進(jìn)行供暖,對(duì)電網(wǎng)起動(dòng)削峰添谷的作用運(yùn)行更加 經(jīng)濟(jì)。
(7)鍋爐可實(shí)現(xiàn)變負(fù)荷功能,衛(wèi)生熱水和空調(diào)熱水可單獨(dú)提供或交叉提供, 起到一機(jī)多用或多機(jī)同用的目的。
(8)鍋爐采用最清潔能源——電能,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色環(huán)保、零污染,最大限 度地保護(hù)人類生存環(huán)境。
三、機(jī)組性能參數(shù)說明:
采暖熱水額定出口/進(jìn)口溫度:85℃/65℃(承壓電熱水出回水溫度為:95℃/70℃) 工作壓力:常壓(承壓電熱水鍋爐壓力0.7MPa/1.0MPa)
供熱量自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)范圍(無級(jí)自動(dòng)調(diào)溫):10-100%
使用電源:380∨50Hz 允許出口溫度:85℃(規(guī)范要求<90℃)
鍋爐水質(zhì)應(yīng)附合GB1576-2001《工業(yè)鍋爐水質(zhì)》要求。
四、鍋爐的結(jié)構(gòu) 整體的結(jié)構(gòu)包括鍋爐本體和輔助設(shè)備兩大部分。鍋爐中的爐膛、鍋筒、燃燒 器、水冷壁過熱器、省煤器、空氣預(yù)熱器、構(gòu)架和爐墻等主要部件構(gòu)成生產(chǎn)蒸汽 的核心部分,稱為鍋爐本體。鍋爐本體中兩個(gè)最主要的部件是爐膛和鍋筒。
爐膛又稱燃燒室,是供燃料燃燒的空間。將固體燃料放在爐排上,進(jìn)行火床 燃燒的爐膛稱為層燃爐,又稱火床爐;將液體、氣體或磨成粉狀的固體燃料,噴 入火室燃燒的爐膛稱為室燃爐,又稱火室爐;空氣將煤粒托起使其呈沸騰狀態(tài)燃 燒,并適于燃燒劣質(zhì)燃料的爐膛稱為沸騰爐,又稱流化床爐;利用空氣流使煤粒 高速旋轉(zhuǎn),并強(qiáng)烈火燒的圓筒形爐膛稱為旋風(fēng)爐。
爐膛的橫截面一般為正方形或矩形。燃料在爐膛內(nèi)燃燒形成火焰和高溫?zé)?氣,所以爐膛四周的爐墻由耐高溫材料和保溫材料構(gòu)成。在爐墻的內(nèi)表面上常敷 設(shè)水冷壁管,它既保護(hù)爐墻不致燒壞,又吸收火焰和高溫?zé)煔獾拇罅枯椛錈帷?
爐膛設(shè)計(jì)需要充分考慮使用燃料的特性。每臺(tái)鍋爐應(yīng)盡量燃用原設(shè)計(jì)的燃 料。燃用特性差別較大的燃料時(shí)鍋爐運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可靠性都可能降低。
鍋筒是自然循環(huán)和多次強(qiáng)制循環(huán)鍋爐中,接受省煤器來的給水、聯(lián)接循環(huán)回 路,并向過熱器輸送飽和蒸汽的圓筒形容器。鍋筒簡體由優(yōu)質(zhì)厚鋼板制成,是鍋 爐中最重的部件之一。
鍋筒的主要功能是儲(chǔ)水,進(jìn)行汽水分離,在運(yùn)行中排除鍋水中的鹽水和泥渣, 避免含有高濃度鹽分和雜質(zhì)的鍋水隨蒸汽進(jìn)入過熱器和汽輪機(jī)中。
鍋筒內(nèi)部裝臵包括汽水分離和蒸汽清洗裝臵、給水分配管、排污和加藥設(shè)備 等。其中汽水分離裝臵的作用是將從水冷壁來的飽和蒸汽與水分離開來,并盡量 減少蒸汽中攜帶的細(xì)小水滴。中、低壓鍋爐常用擋板和縫隙擋板作為粗分離元件; 中壓以上的鍋爐除廣泛采用多種型式的旋風(fēng)分離器進(jìn)行粗分離外,還用百頁窗、 鋼絲網(wǎng)或均汽板等進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分離。鍋筒上還裝有水位表、安全閥等監(jiān)測和保護(hù) 設(shè)施。
為了考核性能和改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),鍋爐常要經(jīng)過熱平衡試驗(yàn)。直接從有效利用能量 來計(jì)算鍋爐熱效率的方法叫正平衡,從各種熱損失來反算效率的方法叫反平衡。 考慮鍋爐房的實(shí)際效益時(shí),不僅要看鍋爐熱效率,還要計(jì)及鍋爐輔機(jī)所消耗的能 量。
單位質(zhì)量或單位容積的燃料完全燃燒時(shí),按化學(xué)反應(yīng)計(jì)算出的空氣需求量稱 為理論空氣量。為了使燃料在爐膛內(nèi)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)與氧氣接觸而燃燒,實(shí)際送入 爐內(nèi)的空氣量總要大于理論空氣量。雖然多送入空氣可以減少不完全燃燒熱損 失,但排煙熱損失會(huì)增大,還會(huì)加劇硫氧化物腐蝕和氮氧化物生成。因此應(yīng)設(shè)法 改進(jìn)燃燒技術(shù),爭取以盡量小的過量空氣系數(shù)使?fàn)t膛內(nèi)燃燒完全。
鍋爐煙氣中所含粉塵(包括飛灰和炭黑)、硫和氮的氧化物都是污染大氣的物 質(zhì),未經(jīng)凈化時(shí)其排放指標(biāo)可達(dá)到環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)定指標(biāo)的幾倍到數(shù)十倍。控制這些 物質(zhì)排放的措施有燃燒前處理、改進(jìn)燃燒技術(shù)、除塵、脫硫和脫硝等。借助高煙 囪只能降低煙囪附近地區(qū)大氣中污染物的濃度。
煙氣除塵所使用的作用力有重力、離心力、慣性力附著力以及聲波、靜電等。 對(duì)粗顆粒一般采用重力沉降和慣性力的分離,在較高容量下常采用離心力分離除 塵靜電除塵器和布袋過濾器具有較高的除塵效率。濕式和文氏—水膜除塵器中水 滴水膜能粘附飛灰,除塵效率很高還能吸收氣態(tài)污染物。
二十世紀(jì)50 年代以來,人們努力發(fā)展灰渣綜合利用,化害為利。如用灰渣 制造水泥、磚和混凝土骨料等建筑材料。70 年代起又從粉煤灰中提取空心微珠, 作為耐火保溫等材料。
鍋爐未來的發(fā)展將進(jìn)一步提高鍋爐和電站熱效率;降低鍋爐和電站的單位功 率的設(shè)備造價(jià);提高鍋爐機(jī)組的運(yùn)行靈活性和自動(dòng)化水平;發(fā)展更多鍋爐品種以 適應(yīng)不同的燃料;提高鍋爐機(jī)組及其輔助設(shè)備的運(yùn)行可靠性;減少對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。
Electric boiler system
The boiler to electric power for energy, heating through the electric heating tube heating, air conditioning or sanitation with hot water, heating it faster, high thermal efficiency, small size, no noise, modular heating, energy conservation, the installation of easy to use, a combination of all aspects of domestic and foreign advanced technology from the latest generation of products.
NO.1 Control Principle
Boiler YLZK series used computer controller. I absorb advanced foreign technology companies, combined with domestic boiler control automation applications and specific needs of the status quo, the use of modern computer-controlled technology, and the introduction of a new generation of boiler controller. Apply to steam boilers, hot water boilers and automatic control of heat-conducting oil furnace, high reliability, high degree of automation, easy to use, easy to operate, feature-rich, flexible control, beautiful model, high cost performance.
This machine adopts intelligent modular IPC (iPC) as the core control system. Smart Modular Industrial Computer (iPC) is a serial bus based on a variety of industrial control modules computer systems. As a result of the serial bus, which used more than ever parallel bus (such as STD, PC104, ISA, etc.) have more advantages. It is each module with a microprocessor (CPU) of the intelligent unit, itself a powerful programmable function independently of the unit features a variety of complex, computer controller boiler is the most advanced products.
With the boiler water temperature control, boiler water level control, backwater temperature detection, the second backwater valve electric control, water protection, over-temperature protection, automatic control functions such as timing control. Control the plant-type electric boiler is a combination of various aspects of technology at home and abroad to form a new generation of products. It uses the principle of fuzzy control, combined with PLC controllers, temperature sensors, the system constitutes a closed-loop regulation. By temperature and the optimal operation of the principle of energy conservation, with changes in temperature, the temperature control system for continuous sampling, logic and artificial neural computing control algorithms adjust operations in order to achieve the purpose of automatic thermostat.
NO.2 Features
(1) for the use of touch-screen interface, the realization of human-computer dialogue, easy-to-understand, easy to learn, easy to remember, easy to operate. Through the screen to check the function keys can be set and modify a variety of adjustment parameters.
(2) the core system control PLC, great flexibility of its programmable logic processing capability with high speed and reliability.
(3) organizations to adopt the international advanced the implementation of electrical components.
(4) Controller with Built-in real-time clock calendar. System users can request, at any time to set up a number of different temperature settings to achieve the best energy-saving effect.
(5) boiler control cabinet has a stop, over-temperature, over-pressure, short circuit, leakage, lack of phase, such as over-current protection, the boiler is running more stable and safe.
(6) to peripheral storage boiler water storage tanks, the use of night-time trough of hot water heating to 95 ℃, storage tanks for storage, the day after the use of heat exchangers for heat exchangers for power grid Valley start-up the role of Tim Clipping run more economy.
(7) boiler load function can be changed, health water and air-conditioning or hot water can be provided separately to provide cross-play of a machine or machines with multi-purpose use.
(8) boilers to use the most clean energy-electricity, true green, zero emission, to maximize the protection of human life.
NO.3 Unit performance parameters Description:
Rated hot water heating export/import Temperature: 85 ℃/65 ℃ (a backwater pressure electric water temperature: 95 ℃/70 ℃)
Working pressure: atmospheric pressure (pressure electric water boiler and pressure 0.7MPa/1.0MPa)
The scope for automatic adjustment of heat (no thermostat level) :10-100%
Power: 380v 50Hz
Allowed outlet temperature: 85 ℃ (specification <90 ℃)
All boiler water should be attached to GB1576-2001 "industrial boiler water" requirement.
NO.4 Boiler structure:
The overall structure of the boiler and auxiliary equipment of two major parts. Boiler in the furnace, drum, burner, wall superheater, economizer, air preheater, furnace wall structure and composition of major components of the core of the production of steam, known as the boiler. Boiler in the two most important components are the furnace and the drum.
Also known as furnace combustion chamber, fuel combustion for space. Will be on solid fuel on the grate for the fire-bed combustion furnace known as the layer burning stoves, also known as the fire-bed furnace; will be liquid, gas or ground into a powder of the solid fuel, is injected into the combustion chamber of the furnace of fire known as the Room burning furnace, furnace room, also known as the fire; air will hold its coal combustion was boiling and low-grade fuel for combustion furnace known as the boiling furnace, also known as the fluidized bed furnace; the use of coal particles of air flow so that high-speed rotation, and strongly burning furnace of cylindrical furnace known as the Tornado.
Furnace cross-section of generally square or rectangular. Fuel combustion in the furnace flame and high temperature flue gas to form, so the stove around the furnace wall by the high temperature materials and thermal insulation materials. In the furnace wall on the inner surface of the regular laying of water-wall tube, it will not burn the protection of furnace wall and the flame and high temperature flue gas to absorb the large number of radiant heat. Furnace designed to take full account of the characteristics of the use of fuel. Each boiler shall be fueled with the original design as much as possible fuel. Burning characteristics of the larger difference in fuel economy when the boiler operation and reliability can be reduced.
Drum is a natural cycle and multiple forced circulation boiler, the economizer to accept the water supply, circuit connection to the steam superheater cylinder delivery device described. Traditional drum made from high quality thick steel plate is a boiler in one of the most important components.
Drum's main function is water, soft drinks to the separation of pot ruled out running in the saline water and mud residue, to avoid high concentrations of salt and impurities in the boiler water with the steam entering the superheater and the steam turbine in.
Device includes an internal drum separator and steam cleaning equipment, water distribution pipes, sewage processing equipment such as drugs. Separator device which is to come from the wall and the saturated steam from the water and to minimize the steam in small water droplets carried. , The low-pressure boilers used as a baffle and baffle gap separating coarse components; over medium-pressure boiler in addition to a variety of widely used types of cyclone for the separation of rough, but also with 100 windows, steel mesh or steam, etc. are carried out further separated. Drum water level is also equipped with a table, a safety valve, such as monitoring and protection facilities.
To assess performance and to improve the design, often have to go through the boiler heat balance test. Directly from the efficient use of energy to calculate the thermal efficiency of boiler is a balanced approach is called, from a variety of heat loss to the efficiency of counter-balance method is called counter-balance. Consider the practical benefits of the boiler room not only depends on the thermal efficiency of boilers, but also taking into account the auxiliary boiler and the amount of energy.
Unit mass or unit volume of fuel combustion, the chemical reaction is calculated according to the theory of air known as air traffic demand. In order to make the fuel in the furnace, there are more opportunities for contact with oxygen combustion, the actual volume of air into the furnace is greater than the total theoretical air. Although more air into the incomplete combustion can reduce heat loss, but the smoke will increase heat loss, but also exacerbate corrosion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides generated. Therefore efforts should be made to improve the combustion technology for small to minimize the excess air ratio so that the combustion chamber completely.
Boiler flue gas contained dust (including fly ash and carbon black), oxides of sulfur and nitrogen pollution in the atmosphere are the material, without purification of their emission targets can be achieved several times indicators of environmental protection provisions of the several dozen times. Emissions control measures of these substances have a pre-combustion, improved combustion technology, dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification, such as. High chimney with only the area around the chimney to reduce atmospheric concentrations of pollutants.
Flue gas dust removal of the force used by gravity, centrifugal force, inertia force of adhesion, as well as sound waves, static electricity and so on. Generally used for coarse particle sedimentation and inertial force of gravity separation, at a high capacity centrifugal separation under the regular use of electrostatic precipitators and bag dust filter with high collection efficiency. And the Sultan's wet-water film dust collector in the droplet adhesion film can fly, can absorb a very high collection efficiency of gaseous pollutants.
The twentieth century since the 50's, people strive to develop comprehensive utilization of ash, Wei of harm. Ash manufacturers such as cement, brick and concrete aggregate and other construction materials. 70s extract from fly ash from Cenosphere, such as a fire-resistant insulation materials.
Boiler future development will further enhance the thermal efficiency of boilers and power plants; boilers and power plants to reduce the unit cost of power equipment; to improve the operation of boiler unit level of flexibility and automation; to develop more varieties to suit different boiler fuel; raise the boiler unit and its the operation of auxiliary equipment reliability; to reduce environmental pollution.
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