《高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意題》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意題（9頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 課 題 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 了解主旨大意題目的提問方式 2. 了解主旨大意及標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn) 3. 能夠找出文章的主題句 重 點(diǎn) 如何找出文章的主題句或概括文章主要內(nèi)容 難 點(diǎn) 同上 閱讀理解主旨大意題 【Part One:閱讀全攻略(reading strategies)】 一、 閱讀技巧小“tips” （一） 題型特點(diǎn) 做此類題目時(shí)，首先要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用穩(wěn)重主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展

2、開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 （二） 題干表現(xiàn)形式 1. 常見的標(biāo)題型題干 （1） The best title/headline for this passage might be ______________. （2） The text (passage) could be entitled __________________________. （3） What is the best title for the passage? （4） Which of the following

3、would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2. 常見的主題型題干 （1） This passage chiefly deals with ___________________________. （2） What is the subject discussed in the text? （3） With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? （4） What’s the topic of the article? （5） What is the main idea of the

4、passage? 3. 目的類主旨大意題 （1） The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is __________________. （2） The passage is mainly about ___________________________. （3） The purpose of this article is _______________________________. （三） 應(yīng)試技巧 1. 主題句的特點(diǎn) （1） 主題句所表達(dá)的意思具有概括性。 （2） 句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單明了，作者一般不會(huì)采用長(zhǎng)句或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)

5、雜的句子作為文章的主題句。 （3） 文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋，說明，論證或擴(kuò)展。 2. 如何尋找主題句 （1） 文首。開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。請(qǐng)看下一高考真題： Jane Clark, fair-haired, blue-eyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world.In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge(雪橇)across 1,0

6、50 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world. In bitter(刺骨的)winds and snow-storms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached-38℃.When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, "I still

7、 can't believe it." She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs. David Wilson, who came second, said, "It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you. But it doesn't hurt for long. She was a good winner." （ ）Question： Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspap

8、er article? 　　A. Woman wins the world's toughest race! B. Woman fights bitter winds and snow-storms! 　　C. Woman wins a sledge race in the world! D. Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic! 這篇文章的首句就是主題句，其后的句子或是具體說明“世界上最困難的比賽“，或是從側(cè)面說明贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的不易。本篇的終結(jié)句進(jìn)一步呼應(yīng)了主題句。所以答案是_____________。 （2） 文尾。在表述細(xì)節(jié)

9、后，歸納要點(diǎn)，印象，結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging

10、on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time! （ ）What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin su

11、cceeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble. 這段文字從Merlin入場(chǎng)的細(xì)節(jié)敘述，最后一句做了歸納總結(jié)：“很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間大家都沒有忘記Merlin不同凡響的入場(chǎng)?！笨梢奙erlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案當(dāng)然是________________________________. （3） 文中。有些主題句既不在篇（段）首，也不在篇（段）尾，而是處于篇章（或段落）的中間。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)往往先以一句或幾句為主題句的出現(xiàn)作鋪墊，或是交代細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)。在主題句出場(chǎng)后，仍有適當(dāng)數(shù)量的句子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)給予例證

12、。 這類結(jié)構(gòu)包括三個(gè)層次：引題----主題思想-----解釋或繼續(xù)給予例證。從它的寫作程序來看，也可分為三部曲：歸納----結(jié)論----演繹，即給出一兩個(gè)例證之后，做出概括性的總結(jié)，然后再給予例證來證實(shí)其論點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)看下例： When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet is shot straight up, it will

13、 travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, the pla

14、ne must come down. （4） 沒有主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)。沒有主題句的篇章（或段落），并不是沒有主題思想，它們的主題思想不是由具體的某句話表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在著，需要讀者自己歸納總結(jié)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是敘述一件事的發(fā)展過程，或是陳述一系列同等重要的細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)。來看高考真題： Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites (傷口) that led me to this career,” he said. In 196

15、3, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “I was greatly upset by

16、the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart

17、. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife!’ Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.” “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said. （ ）Question: The best headline (標(biāo)題) for this newspaper article is . A. Astonis

18、hing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor （5） 注意標(biāo)志詞 文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如： On the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus… I agree with the opinion that…; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that…; For all the reaso

19、ns mentioned above, I would prefer… 3. 選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)： · 那些概括全文，內(nèi)容全面，含義深刻，說明道理的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。 · 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)。 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)： · 以偏概全。只是局部信息，或是一句沒有展開論述的評(píng)論。 · 過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述。 · 把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。 · 無關(guān)聯(lián)的信息，既在文章中沒有提到或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。 二、 實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練

20、 （A） 　　Americans use more water than any other people in the world. If we continue to use water at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs. In 1980, 40 billion gallons were used each day in the United States. In 1990, 700 billion gallons wer

21、e used. The average Americans uses almost 90 gallons of water a day for personal use. And much move water is needed to make the things American people like to have. For example, it takes thousands of gallons of water to make one pound of beef for the dinner table. It takes more than 100, 000 gallons

22、 of water to make a car. If we include these uses of water, the average American uses about 2000 gallons of water a day. 1. The best title for the passage is _____. 　　A. Water Use in the United States 　　B. The Problem of Water Use 　　C. Water Use in the World 　　D. Water Use in the Twentieth

23、 Century （B） Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening," and it comes every October 31, the evening before All Saints' Day. However, it is not really a church holiday, it is a holiday for children mainly. Eve

24、ry autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside. It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin! The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween.

25、 Some children paint their faces to look like monsters. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Every time they come to a new house, they say,"Trick or treat! Money or eat!" The grown-ups put treat-money or candy in their bags. Some children think of other people on Halloween. They

26、carry boxes for UNICEF(The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). They ask for money to help poor children all around the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat for themselves, too. ( )2. The best title for the passage probably is ___________

27、. A. An Autumn Holiday B. A Church Holiday C. A Holiday for Children D. All-Saints (C) Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to

28、other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is reall

29、y not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives—such as in schools, business, and spo

30、rts—but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living “side-by-side” has both advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great

31、advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national group

32、s, or newspapers. ( )3. Which is the best title for this passage? A. Advantages and Disadvantages B. Different Customs and Habits C. Home for the people. D. “Side-by-side” Living Style in American. (D) Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gi

33、ves a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over

34、their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They thinks that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.? ???? They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. 4. What is the topic of the te

35、xt? A. Young Thieves.???????? B. An Unusual Illness.? C. Reasons for Stealing???? D. A Normal Child’s Actions. 三、爭(zhēng)分奪秒（限時(shí)閱讀） 詞數(shù)：364 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間：5分鐘 完成時(shí)間：_______ 正確數(shù)：___________ People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time t

36、hey had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzin

37、g a problem. First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must

38、 find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, su

39、ppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person sho

40、uld have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the

41、final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally th

42、e solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short , he has solved the problem. 1. What is the best title for this passage? A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving C. Necessities of Problem Analy

43、sis D. Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem 2. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except . A. recognize and define the problem B. look for information to make the problem clearer C. have suggestions for a possible solution D. find a solution by trial or m

44、istake 3. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to _________. A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle B. discuss the problems of his bicycle C. tell us how to solve a problem D. show us how to analyze a problem 4. Which of the following is NOT true? A. People do not

45、analyze the problem they meet. B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. C. People may learn from their past experience. D. People can not solve some problems they meet. 5. As used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short” means _________. A. in the long run B. in deta

46、il C. in a word D. in the end 【Part Two:家庭作業(yè)】 第一節(jié)基礎(chǔ)寫作 你校進(jìn)行題為“是否應(yīng)該考查英語口語”的英語辯論賽。以下是正方的主要觀點(diǎn)： ［寫作內(nèi)容］ 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容寫一篇短文，代表正方作最后的總結(jié)陳詞。 1.闡述考查英語口語對(duì)各方面的積極影響； 2.呼吁各界重視英語口語教學(xué)。 〔寫作要求〕 只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。（首句已給出，不計(jì)入句子總數(shù)。） ［評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)］ 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。 Ladies and gentlemen, in su

47、mmary, our team has argued that the testing of spoken English is　both necessary and beneficial. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

48、____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

49、_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【參考答案】 【Part One:閱讀全攻略(r

50、eading strategies)】 一、 （三）2.（1）A (2) C (4) D 二、 1-4 ACDB 三、BDCAC 【Part Two:家庭作業(yè)】 Ladies and gentlemen, in summary our team has argued that the testing of spoken English is both necessary and beneficial. Most students agree that it helps them develop the habits of reading aloud a

51、nd having conversations in English which in turn improves their English level. Students come to realize that oral English is as important as reading and writing. In addition, the speaking test pushes our teachers to focus more on teaching spoken English, makes the class more interesting and encourag

52、es teachers to improve their own spoken language skills. Nowadays, English is considered to be a global language so we can use it to communicate with people from other countries more easily. Therefore, we believe that more attention should be given to teaching and learning spoken English and this can be done by testing spoken English. 9