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1、2020;2020高考英語書面表達(dá)專題（2）：如何寫好簡(jiǎn)單句 英語5種基本句型 1.S(主） + Vi.（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） 常見的不及物動(dòng)詞有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk. S(主語) Vi.（不及物動(dòng)詞） 其它 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Time She He We I flies. sings went stopp

2、ed will go beautifully. Adverbial(副詞) on holiday. Prep Phrase（介詞短語） to have a rest. Infinitive (不定式） swimming. Participle (分詞） 注: “There + be(Vi.) + S …” 也是屬于第一種基本句型。 2. S (主）+ V.（謂）（lv.)( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表） S (主） lv.( 系動(dòng)詞） P（表） 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． We This The flowers Class Kid M

3、y friend are is smell is looks becomes Chinese. N.(名詞） mine. Pron. (代詞) sweet. Adj.（形容詞） over. Adv. (副詞） like his father. Prep. Phrase excited. Participle(分詞） 除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞， 1)表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn,

4、go,等。 3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動(dòng)詞lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 注：下列常見“It…”句式也是屬于第二句型。 1）It + be +adj./n. + to do…(不定式) It is your duty to take care of your mother. 2）It + be +adj. + for/of +sb. + to

5、do… It is easy for us to finish the project in two days. 3. S (主）+ Vt.（及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓） S (主） Vt.（及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） O（賓） 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． I She Helen The kid The thief I am studying loves wants doesn’t know admitted believe English. N.(名詞) him. Pron.(代詞) to go there. Infinitive（

6、不定式） where to go. Wh-Word + Infinitive stealing the money. Gerund（動(dòng)名詞） that there is nothing wrong.. That-clause（that從句） 注：1) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him. 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose,

7、refuse, want, wish等。 2) S + Vt. + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do. 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 3) S + Vt. + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于這句型的

8、動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help，look forward to, stick to等。 4) S + Vt. + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, exp

9、ect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當(dāng)心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。 4. S (主）+ Vt.（謂）+ I.O.（間接 賓） + D.O.（直接 賓） S (主） Vt.（謂） I.O.（間接 賓） D.O.（直接 賓） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I Mot

10、her My father My uncle He sent gave bought brought can inform him (N.名詞) Mary (Pron.代詞) me (Pron.代詞) my brother (N.名詞) you (Pron.代詞) a book. a nice gift yesterday. a story book. a new watch. where the teacher lives. (從句) 本句型的謂語動(dòng)詞所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作有兩個(gè)對(duì)象，一為“人或動(dòng)物等”，稱為間接賓語；另一為“物或事”，稱為直接賓語。

11、本句型也可以把“D.O.”置于 “I.O.”之前，應(yīng)注意用介詞to或for，句型為： S + Vt. + N./Pron. + To/for-phrase. 如：1）He sent me a book.→He sent a book to me. 2）He bought me a coat.→He bought a coat for me. 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有： bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, render, restore,

12、 sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。 5. S (主）+ Vt.（謂）+ O.（賓）+ O.C.（賓補(bǔ)） S (主） Vt.（謂） O.（賓） O.C.（賓補(bǔ)） 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. We He She I I He He He named

13、made keeps ask caught taught told advised our daughter (N./Pron). our garden (N./Pron.) everything (N./Pron.) him (N./Pron). him (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) me (N./Pron.) Mary. (N.) very beautiful. (Adj.) in good order. (Pren. Phrase) to help me. (Infinitive)

14、 cheating in exam. (Participle) how to learn English. (Wh-word + Infinitive) that he passed the exam. (That clause) when we should start. (Wh-clause) 此句型中的動(dòng)詞叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞，后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起被稱做復(fù)合賓語。 注：1) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + N 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, fin

15、d, make, name, nominate(命名）。 2) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Adj 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Infinit

16、ive 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at,

17、 make, notice, see, watch等。 5) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Participle (分詞） 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-word + Infinitive 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform,

18、 show, teach, tell等。 7) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + That-clause 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。 8) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-Clause 常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell. 6. There be 句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，th

19、ere 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際意義。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 現(xiàn)在有?? there is / are … 過去有?? there was / were… 將來有?? there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有?? there has / have been… 可能有? there might be... 肯定有? there must be …/ there must have been... 過去一直有? there used to be … 似乎有? there seems /

20、 seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有? there happen / happens / happened to be.. 注：我們受漢語的干擾，會(huì)運(yùn)用一些漢式表達(dá)。請(qǐng)觀察下列句子： 1）There are two boys are waiting for you. (去掉第二個(gè)are或boys后加who) 2）There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.(去掉There are) 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arri

21、ve,等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。 Eg: There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There lies a book on the desk. 注：在書面表達(dá)中?！坝小边@個(gè)含義，我們會(huì)情不自禁地使用There are和have結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。雖然能表達(dá)出原意，可千篇一律，總會(huì)顯得俗氣呆板。試比較以下句子，便可見分曉。 學(xué)校的體育中心有三個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)域。1) There are three athletic areas in the school sports centre. 2) The school sports ce

22、ntre contains three athletic areas. (Better) with結(jié)構(gòu)也有“有”的含義。主要用法介紹如下： 1） It’s a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen. 2） with + 賓語 + 介詞短語 He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands. 3） with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing a

23、t the top. With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 練習(xí)：（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 那天早上我們談了很多。 4. 會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 _____________________________________________________________

24、_________________________ 5. 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7. 每天八時(shí)開始上課。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 9. 五年前我住在北京。 ____

25、__________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 讓我們立即行動(dòng)起來。 11．恰好他身邊有錢。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 慢慢地她臉上露出了一絲笑容。_______________________________________________________ （二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語）

26、 1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。 2. 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 這本書他讀過多次了。 4. 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 6. 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 ___________________

27、___________________________________________________________________ 7. 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。 8. 他不知道說什麼好。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ （三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語 ） 1. 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 ________________________________________________

28、______________________________________ 3. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。 4. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6. 這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 她的工作是在幼兒園里

29、照看兒童。 8. 他失業(yè)了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10. 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 商店開到八點(diǎn)。 12．機(jī)器出了毛病。 _______________________________________________

30、_______________________________________ 13．這些努力似乎全都白費(fèi)了。 14．這話聽起來有道理。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15．房里一會(huì)兒就擠滿了人。_____________________________________________________________ （四）雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 ） 1．Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚

31、給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 ?_____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ ?_____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 _________________________________

32、_____________________________________________________ 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ _________________________________________________________________

33、_____________________ （五）復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語） 1. 他的父母給他取名為John. 2. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 4. 他們把門推開了。 _____________________________________________________________________

34、_________________ 5. 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 6. 我要你把真相告訴我。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 給我?guī)追昼娍紤]一下。 8. 我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 10

35、. 我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。 12. 她正在聽人家講故事。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 14. 他感到很難跟你交談。 _____________________________

36、_________________________________________________________ 15. 學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 16. 我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17. 祝一路平安。 18 你讓我等了三個(gè)鐘頭。 ______________________________________________________________________________

37、________ （六）There be 句型 1. 今晚沒有會(huì)。 2. 這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。 4. 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 6. 公共汽車來了

38、。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 就只剩下二十八美元了。 8. 在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 鈴響了。 10. 最近幾年,這個(gè)村莊發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 ______________________________________________

39、________________________________________ 11. 過去這條河上有座橋。 12. 他的回答應(yīng)該沒有什么可懷疑的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 十字路口處站著一個(gè)警察。_________________________________________________________ 英語5種基本句型答案： （一） 1. You should study hard.

40、 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. Classes begin at e

41、ight every day. 8. This box weighs five kilos. 9. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 10. Let’s act at once/ immediately 11. He happened to have some money with him. 12. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. （二） 1. I wrote a letter last night. ? 2. I want to

42、 talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times.? 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.?6. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 7. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 8. H

43、e did not know what to say. （三） 1. My brothers are all college students. 2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy. 4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5. Children, keep quiet please. 6. Thi

44、s book is about the history of the United States. 7. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8. He is out of work. 9. The leaves have turned yellow. 10. The report sounds interesting. 11. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 12. The machine went wr

45、ong. 13. All these efforts seem in vain 14. These words sound reasonable. 15. The room soon became crowded. （四） 1. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. Would you pl

46、ease pass me the dictionary? 5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7. My father has bought me a new bike. 8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9. Will you please get me a new copy? 10. Shall I call you a

47、 taxi? （五） 1. His parents named him John. 2. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. They pushed the door open. 5. We will make our school more beautiful. 6. I want you to tell me the truth 7. Give me a few minutes to think.

48、 8. We won’t let her go out at night. 9. He has his hair cut once a month. 10. I’ll get my recorder mended. 11. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 12. She is listening to someone telling stories. 13. I have never seen the word used that way before. 14.

49、 He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 15. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 16. I thought it no use talking with that man 17. Wish you a pleasant journey. 18. You keep me waiting for three hours. （六） 1. There isn’t going to be a meeting

50、 tonight. 2. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 3. The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5. There happened to be nobody in the room. 6. There comes the bus.

51、 7. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 8. In front of the cave, there stands (grows) a tall pine tree. 9. There goes the bell. 10. Recently there have been great changes in this village. 11. There used to be a bridge over the river. 12. There should be nothing doubtful. 13. There stands a policeman at the crossing 9