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1、第五講 名詞性從句 單句語法填空 1．(2020·新課標全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2．(2020·廣東高考語法填空)I didn’t understand why/how this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the re

2、servation. 3．(2020·廣東高考語法填空)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. 4．(2020·湖南高考改編)You have to know where you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 5．(2020·北京高考改編)How we understand things has a lot to do w

3、ith what we feel. 6．(2020·浙江高考改編)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. 7．(2020·四川高考改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s where I was born.” 8．(2020·重慶高考改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah,

4、 but I have no idea why he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. 名詞性從句指的是在主句中起的作用相當于名詞的從句，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、主語從句 1．引導主語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether/if；連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever等。 ①That they were in truth siste

5、rs was clear from the facial similarity between them. 從她們的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她們真是親姐妹。 ②What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 影片中最打動我的是父親對他兒子深深的愛。 2．主語從句一般放在句首，但有時也可用it作形式主語，而將主語從句移到句子的末尾。常見的句型： (1)It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that從句 (2)It＋be＋名詞(短

6、語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that從句 (3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that從句 (4)It＋不及物動詞(seem, appear, happen等)＋that從句 ①It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. 盡管大約兩千名患者已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但是它會帶來什么樣的副作用還不清

7、楚。 ②It’s no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊獲勝一點都不令人吃驚。 ③It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday. 會議被推遲到下周一召開已經(jīng)定下來了。 二、賓語從句 1．引導賓語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。 ①We promis

8、e whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 我們許諾，任何參加這個聚會的人都有跟那個電影明星合影的機會。 ②I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2020·北京高考單選) 我確信美來自內在。 ③We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2020·重慶高考單選) 我們必須弄清楚卡爾什么時候來，以便我們可以為他預訂房間。

9、2．it作形式賓語的賓語從句 (1)一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明會議不會被推遲。 (2)動詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”、“厭惡”的動詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, r

10、ely on等常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的時候，我會確保把他照顧好。 三、表語從句 1．引導表語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether；連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等；從句用陳述語序。 ①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that

11、he could have expressed it differently. 杰里不后悔給出評論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方法來表達的。 ②I’d like to start my own business — that’s what I’d do if I had the money. 我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會做的事情。 2．as if/as though引導的表語從句 as if/as though引導的表語從句常跟在be動詞，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等動詞之后。 The thick smog covere

12、d the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 濃霧覆蓋著整座城市。好像把一個巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3．because, why引導的表語從句 because, why也可引導表語從句，但because引導的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause (該結構常用that引導)。常用于以下句型： ①China is developing fast. That’s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with Ch

13、ina affairs should visit China. 中國在飛速發(fā)展，這就是我為什么認為我的那些跟中國打交道的同事應該訪問中國。 ②The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless. 他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。 四、同位語從句 同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內容。 1．常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞有： advice 建議　 　 conclusion 結論　　demand要求 doubt 懷疑 fact 事實 hope 希望 ide

14、a 主意 information 信息 message 消息 news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性 promise 諾言 question 問題 request 請求 suggestion 建議 thought 想法 plan計劃 ①I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 我對自己承諾：今年，我高中的第一年，會有所不同。 ②—Is there any possibility that you c

15、ould pick me up at the airport? —No problem. ——你有可能到機場接我嗎？ ——沒問題。 2．引導同位語從句的連接詞有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。 ①Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 通過多年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：有證據(jù)表明孩子的早期睡眠問題很有可能會隨著他們的成長繼續(xù)下去。 ②

16、She asked a question why there was a delay. 她問了發(fā)生延誤的原因。 ③I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回家。 ————————————————————————————————————— 在同位語從句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that無實義，whether意為“是否”，if一般不引導同位語從句。引導同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。 　　　　 ————————————————————————————————————— [典題精選]

17、 [我來改正] [常設誤點] (2020·新課標全國卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. where→that或去掉 where (1)從屬連詞與連接副詞之間的錯用 從屬連詞有that/whether/if等，連接副詞有when, where等。從屬連詞不作成分，而連接副詞作狀語。 (2020·遼寧高考)That is which other teachers say. which→what (2)連接代詞

18、(what, which和who等)之間的錯用 引導名詞性從句且在從句中作主語或賓語時應用what(什么)；which(哪一個)；who(誰)等，注意它們之間意義的差別。 (2020·銀川二中一模) For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. that→what (3)that與what之間的錯用 what在名詞性從句中可作主語、賓語或表語；而that本身沒有意義，不作任何成分，只起連接作用。 (2020·山東師大附中模擬)There is no doubt wheth

19、er it is of great help to their study and future life. whether→that (4)從屬連詞that與whether/if之間的錯用 that不作成分，沒有實際意義；whether/if也不作成分但有實際意義，有“是否”之意。 (2020·遵義航天高級中學模擬)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 在belief后加that (5)從屬連詞that的

20、缺失 that引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般不能省略，引導賓語從句時可以省略。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2020·南昌十所重點中學交流試卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check whether/if the bag had 50 gold coins. 2．(2020·江西上饒三模)What you can learn from the ant ph

21、ilosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can. 3．(2020·濟南高三針對性訓練)They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. 4．(2020·濰坊高考模擬)He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much. 5．(2020·大慶質量檢測二)People who visited me used to ask

22、me how I could sleep. “Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise？” 6．(2020·山師大附中模擬)There was a horrible summer thunderstorm this evening and the power went out, and your candles were just what we needed. 7．(2020·大連模擬)The notice came around two o’clock in th

23、e afternoon that the meeting would be put off. 8．(2020·龍口模擬)He worked very hard. It’s no wonder that he got the first prize. 9．(2020·臨沂模擬)Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 10．(2020·貴州高三考前適應性考試)We still have some doubt whether they can complete t

24、he task on time. 11．(2020·太原五中一模)Who will come to help with my English hasn’t been decided. 12．(2020·湖南株洲二中月考改編)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．(2020·貴州七校聯(lián)考短文改錯)Secondly, watching TV is a good

25、 way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.that→what 2．(2020·日照檢測短文改錯)As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.what→how 3．(2020·東北三省四市第一次聯(lián)考短文改錯)Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic ja

26、ms in the last few years.that→something_that/all_that/all/what 4．(2020·銀川質量檢測短文改錯)I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man. Beyond my expectations, the woman answered with a smile.if→that或去掉if 5．(2020·鄭州第三次質量預測短文改錯)Fortunately, I had a mobile phone with me, so I called the police and

27、 told them that had been found.that→what 6．(2020·河南三市第二次聯(lián)考短文改錯)That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well-paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.That→What 7．(2020·豫東、豫北名校聯(lián)考)There is no doubt if English has become a universal langua

28、ge nowadays.if→that 8．(2020·云南師大附中月考)That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. Remember that you need information, not sentences.That→What Ⅰ.語法填空 (2020·東北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used to describe the self-taken photo, often from a smartphone. Som

29、eone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up __1__ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the __2__(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him__3__ (remove), because that sm

30、ile is what gives him the__4__ (determine) to love himself. I read__5__ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you__6__ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you th

31、ink you can go on and on before you say ’I love__7__(I)’？” That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.I’ve struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And in__8__ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway__9__ confidence.__10__， the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individu

32、als to express themselves. 語篇解讀：很多人會把自己滿意的自拍照發(fā)到網(wǎng)上去，他們認為這樣可以使自己增強愛自己的決心。 1．posting　考查非謂語動詞作賓語。end up doing sth.為固定用法，意為“以……而結束，最終做了某事”。 2．best　考查形容詞最高級形式。由語境可知此處表示從眾多自拍照中選一張自己認為最好的，由此判斷此處應用good 的最高級。 3．is removed　考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由語境可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時，又因remove與everything為被動關系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 4．determination　考查名詞。gi

33、ve sb.sth.“給某人某物”。又根據(jù)設空處前的the 也可判斷設空處應用名詞。determination為不可數(shù)名詞，后面常用不定式作定語。 5．a　考查冠詞。設空處的poem為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表泛指，故與不定冠詞連用。 6．what　考查賓語從句。所填詞在賓語從句中作賓語，故應用what。 7．myself　考查代詞。由空前的I及語境可知設空處用反身代詞。 8．no　考查倒裝句式。根據(jù)本句中“am I saying”的倒裝語序，可推知設空處應為否定詞。表示否定意義的介詞短語放在句首時，后面的主謂部分常用部分倒裝形式。in no way “決不”。 9．to　考查介詞。a g

34、ateway to ...為固定搭配，意為“通向……之路”。 10．However　考查副詞。前后句之間是轉折關系，并由后面的逗號可知應填However。 Ⅱ.短文改錯 (2020·江西師大附中三模)All of us students want to grow up healthily and happily. Here are some tips to you to achieve this goal. First of all, we should have the positive attitude to life. As we all know, there is not o

35、nly sunshine and also hard times in our life. So when face with difficulties, we should fight against it bravely. What’s more, we must work hard. The reason is because knowledge is power. Only by working hard we get the power to make contributions to our motherland. Final, it is important to take exercises regularly and have balanced diets. We’d better do all the these things. The healthier we are, the happier we will be. 答案：第二句：第一個to→for 第三句：the→a 第四句：and→but 第五句：face→faced; it→them 第七句：because→that 第八句：we前加can 第九句：Final→Finally; exercises→exercise 第十句：去掉the或these