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,過去分詞作狀語和定語是中學(xué)英語的一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，也是高考常考的內(nèi)容之一。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、明確句子的主語與分詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系(主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。二、能夠與定語從句及省略句式進(jìn)行形式的互相轉(zhuǎn)換。 三、分詞作狀語時(shí)與獨(dú)立主格的區(qū)別。,觀察下列句子，注意黑體部分在句子中的成分及作用。 ① Worried about the journey , I was unsettled for the first few days. (P17) 我很擔(dān)心這次旅行，所以頭幾天心里總是不踏實(shí)。 ②Some of the people invited to the party did not come. 有些被邀請參加派對的人沒有來。,1. 句①中的Worried about the journey為過去分詞(短語)作狀語，在此作原因狀語。 2. 句②中的invited to the party為過去分詞(短語)作定語，修飾some of the people。,,,,,Ⅰ. 過去分詞(短語)作狀語 1. 作時(shí)間狀語 Once published (= Once it is published ), the dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。,,,,,,,,,2. 作條件狀語 United, we stand; divided, we fall. → If we are united , we stand; if we are divided , we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3. 作原因狀語 Scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. →As/Because she was scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. 由于被老師批評了，那個(gè)女孩低著頭坐在那兒。,,,4. 作伴隨或方式狀語 The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl (and was supported by a girl). 在一位姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。 5. 作讓步狀語 Beaten by the opposite team ( Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. 雖然被對方的球隊(duì)打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互鼓 勵(lì)。,,,,,,,,,,,,,Ⅱ. 過去分詞作狀語的注意事項(xiàng) 1. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，其前面可以有相應(yīng)的連詞，如： when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表示時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式等。 If ( I am ) invited , I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀請，我會參加我朋友的婚禮。,,,,,,,,,2. 過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即 表被動(dòng)；而現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂 關(guān)系，即表主動(dòng)。 ① Asked (ask) why she was late, she cried. 被問到為什么遲到時(shí)，她哭了。 ② Looking out of (look out of) the window, I saw some students playing there. 我朝窗外望去，看見幾個(gè)學(xué)生在那邊玩耍。,,,,,,,,,3. 過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主 語要保持一致。 If ( he is ) caught (catch), the thief will be punished by the police. 小偷如果被抓，會受到警方的處罰。,,,,,,,4. 有些過去分詞已形容詞化了，作狀語時(shí)常表示人的狀 態(tài)。常見的此類詞有：satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed等 Disappointed (disappointed)at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word. 因?yàn)閷荚嚱Y(jié)果很失望，小女孩站在那兒一句話也沒說。,,,Ⅲ. 過去分詞(短語)作定語 1. 意義：過去分詞(短語)作定語時(shí)，表示“完成”和“被動(dòng)” 雙層意義。但不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞通常只表示“完成”而 不表示“被動(dòng)”。如： fallen leaves 落葉,,,2. 位置：單獨(dú)的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之前， 但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可置于被修飾詞之后，此時(shí)往往可以 用定語從句代替。但如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/ no +thing/body/one構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，單 獨(dú)的過去分詞也要放在被修飾詞之后。 ①快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。(leave) Hurry up, there is only a little time left . ②如果你希望改變一切，請說明。(change) If you wish everything changed , please say so.,,,,,,,,,,,,,1. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ① Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. ②When first introduced (introduce) to the market，these new products enjoyed great success. ③Greatly moved (move) by the story，all the students began to cry.,,,,,,,④ Told (tell) many times，she still can’t remember it. ⑤The color TV set produced (produce) by that factory sells well. ⑥With their homework finished (finish)，the students went home. ⑦ Praised (praise) warmly for his work，he was too excited to fall asleep. ⑧ Following (follow) the guide，we started to explore the wild forest.,,,,,,,,,,,2. 單項(xiàng)填空 ① ________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. ［2011四川高考］ A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 【解析】選C。句意：Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，這就有了成名的機(jī)會。offer sb. sth. (主動(dòng))提供某人某物。句中Andy與offer之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C。,② ________ by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. ［2012杭州高二檢測］ A．Driven B．Being driven C．To drive D．Having driven 【解析】選A。句意：綠色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制訂了更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以保證質(zhì)量。動(dòng)詞drive與其邏輯主語the food company 存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該使用過去分詞。,③ ________ a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university. ［2012北京高二檢測］ A．Not giving B．Not having been given C．Having not given D．Having not been given 【解析】選B。give與其邏輯主語he之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用完成被動(dòng)式，其否定形式為not having been done, 故選B。,④ ________ rapidly by the body, sugar provides a quick energy source. A. Digested B. Digesting C. To digest D. Having digesting 【解析】選A。本句中的主語sugar與非謂語動(dòng)詞digest(消化)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞。,⑤Tsinghua University, ________ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. ［2011福建高考］ A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 【解析】選C。句意：建于1911年的清華大學(xué)培養(yǎng)了一大批杰出的人士。Tsinghua University與found之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，to be founded不定式表將來。founded過去分詞表被動(dòng)，也表動(dòng)作已完成，故選C。,⑥Oh, look! Here’s a photo ________ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognize me in it? A．taking B．was taken C．taken D．been taken 【解析】選C。題干中的take與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。,⑦The county，________ in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1, 400 years. ［2012南通高二檢測］ A．located B．to be located C．being located D．locating 【解析】選A。此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作定語，修飾The county，故選A。,⑧ It was reported that 115 miners ________ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last. ［2012北京高二檢測］ A．trapped B．being trapped C．were trapped D．had trapped 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。所填詞作后置定語，邏輯主語是miners，而非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故用過去分詞，選A。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,